定语从句与宾语从句的区别.ppt

英语之两大从句区别 定语从句与宾语从句 宾语从句结构：V.+（that）/if. Whether / wh- 三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 1.连接词 连接词一般都是that(指事或人） 1.1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将 that省略，直接与主句相连。 1.2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或 whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能 用 if 替换。 1.3从句为特殊疑问句，用 what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问 代、副词作连接词。 2.语序：陈述语序 3.判断时态情况： 1.1主句是一般现在时（看动词），从句 为该用什么就用什么时态。 1.2主句是一般过去时（看动词），从句 为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观 事实，不管主句是什么时态从句用一般现 在时。 引导词句子类型 that陈述句 if/whether 一般疑问句 特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句 主句时态从句时态 一般现在时、一般将 来时、祈使句时 该用什么时态就用什么时态 一般过去时 与原句相对应的过去的时态 客观事实、真理、自 然现象、名言警句、 谚语等 一律用一般现在时 三、宾语从句注意事项 (一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主 语时，语序不变： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? (二)只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后 面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to sit at the front. 3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择 时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 定语从句：结构：名词（先行词）+关系代词/关 系副词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代 替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 (一）关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省 略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语， 做宾语时可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时 ，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语 ，做宾语时可省略。 The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做 定语，后面通常接名词。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. （二）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关 系代词引导 The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. （三）关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was b