最新高考英语专题解析课件-阅读理解[说明文].ppt

说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明 事理, 给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如仪 器、产品、自然环境)的解说, 或对抽象事理(如概 念、原理、定律)的阐释, 使人们对事物的形态、特 征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解, 或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识， 从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性很强, 它包括 广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、科 学小品等。复习这类文体, 注意以下几点： 主要题材：题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各 个领域。如：介绍科学领域的最新成果、机器的 制造过程、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目 的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、 生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和 解决办法、人文地理知识等。 说明顺序：时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺 序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质) 。 说明方法：为了把事物的本质特征说清 楚, 或者把事理阐述明白, 常用下列说明 方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因 果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义 、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明 相异、类比说明相似等。 结构特点：说明文的大体结构有： (1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述； (2)现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相 关启示。 语言特点：高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科 普知识方面的题材, 文中常包含有结构复杂、句意 深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高, 解题的 难度相对较大，在高考阅读中多为最后一篇。 阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质 特征。阅读时须注意： (1) 注意说明的顺序, 了解文章的结构, 把握文 章的脉络。 (2) 在阅读过程中划出长难句的主干成分(主 谓宾)、标出关键词、有的可边看边画草图或 结构、流程图。 (1)短文略，见资料书P87 A. help students get a high-paid job B. help students work in Google C. encourage students to give up science D. arouse students interest in liberal arts 1. Stanford University held a lecture of literature and philosophy to _. 1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第一句 Seeking to re-arouse interest in the liberal arts 可知。 A. a period when something begins to be accepted. B. a period when something is out-dated. C. a period when something is most popular. D. a period when something is replaced by another thing. 2. What does the underlined word “heyday” mean(in para. 6)? 2. C词义推测题。根据第六段more than 1 in 3 Stanford students majored in languages, literature, the arts, history, cultural studies and philosophy可知超过1 / 3的斯 坦福学生主修人文学科, 与现在10%的数据比较起来, 那是 个 主修文科的鼎盛时期。 A. Only 10% of university students major in the humanities. B. More and more students choose science as their major. C. More students study the humanities in Stanford than other universities. D. The trend of what major to study has never changed 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 7? 3.B细节理解题。由第六段最后一句可知。 A. Because the humanities cant help students find jobs. B. Because students never care about life meaning. C. Because students believe science can help them get high-paid jobs. D. Because the tuition fees of the humanity education are higher. 4. Why do students lose interest in the humanities? 4. C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段But for students who came of age in the Great Recession, the siren song of science can be tough to resist和最后一段Shakespeare wasnt in it for the money可知, 学生选择理科是因为能 找到赚钱的工作。 A. Approving.B. Doubtful. C. Negative.D. Indifferent. 5. What is Satzs attitude towards the education of humanities? 5. A情感判断题。通过文章最后一段最后一句 But she added humanities students who go on to graduate school and land jobs in tech intensive fields do just fine可知。 The 1, 718 incoming students nearly half of whom arrive intending to major in the sciences or engineering listened to a lecture organized by the College of Humanities and Arts, where famous author and physician Abraham Verghese praised the meaning, and opportunities, of a liberal arts education. 【难句理解】 结构分析: nearly half of whom引导一个定语从句, 在这个 定语从句中where famous author and physician Abraham Verghese praised the meaning, and opportunities, of a liberal arts education是从句中的另一个定语从句。 汉语大意：1718个新入学的学生其中半数 都打算主修科学或者工程学听了一个由人 文艺术学院组织的讲座。在这个讲座中,作为 作家和内科医生的Abraham Verghese赞扬了 文科教育的意义和机遇。 outnumber v. 数量上超过 humanity students 人文学科的学生 come of age 成年, 长大成人 the Great Recession(经济)大萧条时期 【助读词汇】 A. Touching someones arm when talking to him. B. Saying hello to somebody with a warm hug. C. Giving someone a greeting with kisses. D. Not to touch someones arm when meeting him. 6. All that arent considered cold in Mediterranean countries are mentioned EXCEPT _. 6.D事实细节题。从文中第一段的第一句In Mediterranean countries, if you try not to touch someones arm when talking to them or if you dont greet them with kisses or a warm hug, youll be considered cold.可知答案应选D。 (2)短文略，见资料书P88 A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 7. How many inadvisable behaviors in Korean are clearly mentioned? 7. B事实细节题。从文中第一段的第二句But backslap someone who isnt a family member or a good friend in Korea, and youll make them uncomfortable.与文章倒数 第三段的第一句but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Korea, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and youll be considered disrespectful.可知文章中明确提 到的有两处在韩国属于不得体的行为, 因此答案应选B。 A. Annoying.B. Miserable. C. Negative.D. Selfish. 8. What does “disgusting” in para. 3 refer to? 8. A词义猜测题。从文中第三段的第二句The Japanese and Chinese also dislike the idea of a handkerchief.日本人和中国人也都不喜欢手绢, 可 知disgusting 应与dislike是同一类型的意思, 因此 可知答案应选A。 A. Putting on clothes B. Talking over dinner C. Blowing your nose D. Touching someone 9. All the following cultural mistakes are described EXCEPT _ . 9. A事实细节题。文中的第一、二段描述的内容是 touching someone; 第三、四段描述的内容是blowing your nose; 第五段描述的内容是talking over dinner; 第 六、七段描述的内容是taking off your shoes or not。 putting on clothes这一内容文中没提及，因此答案应选A 。 A. political systems B. historical events C. world culture D. popular science 10. The passage is likely to be found in a website about _. 10. C推理判断题。文章介绍了国外时要特别留心 并尽量避免误入的几种文化陷阱。因此可判断出 在网站的文化板块中可以阅读到这篇文章。 Not only does shoe removal very practically keep sand and dirt out of the house, its a sign of leaving the outside world behind. 结构分析：Not only 位于句首, 其后接的句子要进 行半倒装, 而but also后接的句子则保持正常语序。 该句省略了but also。这句话的正常语序为：Shoe removal not only very practically keeps sand and dirt out of the house, (but also)its a sign of leaving the outside world behind. 【难句理解】 汉语大意：脱掉鞋子不仅把沙粒与尘土留在 了门外, 更意味着把外面的世界拋之脑后。 follow suit 跟着做 let alone更不用说 sacred adj.神圣的 uncivilized adj.不文明的 【助读词汇】 A. climb over your head B. quit looking for a way C. search for another way D. keep climbing around 11. If you try to stop ants going forward, they will _. 11.C细节理解题。根据第二段的If theyre headed somewhere and you try to stop them; theyll look for another way.可以推知, 蚂蚁找其他路look for=search for 。 (3)短文略，见资料书P89 A. Think winter all summer. B. Always be realistic. C. Never become lazy in summer. D. Always look ahead. 12. What is the second philosophy of ants? 12. D 推理判断题。根据第三的第一句ants think winter all summer.四段最后1句Think ahead.可以 推知答案。文章的最后一段此句Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.也进 行了归纳。 A. Always stay positive. B. Always remind yourself. C. Always think summer. D. Always be hardworking. 13. Which of the following can best describe the third part of the ant philosophy? 13. A推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第1、2句ants think summer all winter. That is so important. During the winter, ants remind themselves, “This wont last long; well soon be out of here.”可以得 知, 蚂蚁在冬天里总是想着夏天, 想着希望, 总是提醒自己冬天来了, 夏天不远了, 故保持积极的心态stay positive。其他选项与蚂蚁的这 种生活哲学不符, 只是在本段出现的一些词, 学生选了, 则犯了断章取义的错误。 A. never stop gathering food in the summer B. always get prepared for the winter C. gather as much as possible for the future D. do whatever we can for the future 14. We can learn from the last part of the ant philosophy that we should _. 14.D推理判断题。根据文章的倒数第二段的最后 一句What an incredible philosophy, the “all-you- possibly-can” philosophy.可以推断应该选D。 A. The Concept of Ants B. The Ant Philosophy C. Never Give up D. Do All You Can 15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 15. B主旨大意题。最后一段Wow, what a great seminar to attend the ant seminar.Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.是文章 的主题段, 完整的归纳了文章大意。A选项是说蚂 蚁的概念, C和D选项以偏概全。B选项全面概括了 蚂蚁的四个哲学。 concept 概念 seminar n. 研讨会 realistic adj.现实的 cant wait to do sth迫不及待做 【助读词汇】 (4)短文略，见资料书P90 A. they are floating above their own bodies B. they are walking towards a light C. they are flying in the sky D. they are seeing a bright light 16. When people are dying, some may have the following feelings except that _. 16. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知。 A. By studying chemical materials in dying peoples brains. B. By studying changes in the brain that cause such experience. C. By listening to peoples descriptions of out-of- body experience D. By monitoring patients behavior on a scree. 17. How did scientists study the cause of out -of-body experience? 17. B细节理解题。根据第四段reviewed studies into changes in the brain that cause certain sensations associated with near-death experiences可知。 A. a chemical material released by human bodies B. a medicine to help people with stress and injuries C. a medicine which help people feel love and peace D. a chemical material to cause the death of people 18. The “hormone noradrenalin”(in Para10) is probably _. 18. A词义判断题。由倒数第四段的which is released when we suffer from stress and injuries可 知。 A. Sam Parnia doesnt think that peoples near- death experiences are real. B. Sam Parnia hasnt finished the study of peoples near-death experiences. C. The causes of near-death experiences and other feelings are di