小学英语语法----句子的种类.doc

句子的种类一、按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。类别例句用法陈述句肯定This is a bag. I like spring.描述一件事情或者说明说话人的看法陈述句否定I cant see a bag over there. I dont know.描述一件事情或者说明说话人的看法疑问句一般Are you a student? Does she get up early?Do you like swimming?Can you speak English?用于提出问题特殊when什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what colour什么颜色；what about怎么样；what day星期几；what date什么日期；what for为何目的；how怎样；how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how much多少钱；how about怎么样；how far多远选择Is your friend a boy or a girl?反意Its a fine day, isnt it?祁使句肯定Put it here.表示命令、建议或请求否定Dont look at the noticeboard.感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf!How hard he studies!表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情注意： 疑问句的回答(1) 一般疑问句用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。(2) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或 Beijing.(3) 选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? Id like a banana。(4) 反意疑问句由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。He likes music, doesnt he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。 No,he doesnt. 不，他不喜欢。He doesnt like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。 No,he doesnt. 是的，他喜欢。即回答应该按实际情况来回答，实际情况是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no. 小学英语一般疑问句，否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导改为一般疑问句：先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，放在最前面，如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，句前加Did，其余照抄；不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，句前加Does,其余照抄以上都不是，则句前加Do，其余照抄。改为否定句：方法和上面一样，先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，再后加not，其余照抄如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，人后加didnt，其余照抄；不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，人后加doesnt,其余照抄以上都不是，则人后加dont，其余照抄对划线部分提问： 用适当的疑问词代替划线部分，将剩余部分改为一般疑问句（注：如划线部分为主语，则用who代替，其余照抄；如划线部分为动词或动词短语，则用do代替，句前加what，再改为一般疑问句）例如：He is running now.-He isnt running now. -Is he running now? -Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.They are making a puppet.-They arent making a puppet.-Are they making a puppet? -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.I often watch TV in the evening.- I dont often watch TV in the evening.-Do you often watch TV in the evening?-Yes, I do. No, I dont.He plays football after school. - He doesnt play football after school.Does he play football after school?-Yes, he does. No,he doesnt.We began class at 8 oclock yesterday.- We didnt begin class at 8 oclock yesterday.Did you begin class at 8 oclock yesterday? -Yes,we do. No, we dont.练一练： 1、填入适当的疑问词。1)_wallet is it? Its mine.2)_is the Christmas Day? Its on the 25th of December.3)_is the diary? Its under the chair. 4)_is the boy in blue? Hes Mike.5)_are the earphones? They are 25 yuan. 6)_is it today? Its Sunday. 7)_is this red one? Its beautiful.8)_is it from here? Its about 2 kilometres away.9)_is your cousin? Hes 15years old. 10)_do you have dinner? At 6 oclock.11)_one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? The blue one.2、对划线部分提问。1) I can see eight rubbers in the box._can_see in the box?2) My father is fine today._ your father today?3) Liu Tao is playing football in the playground._Liu Tao_in the playground?4) My birthday is on the 9th of September._ your birthday?5) Id like a nice cake for breakfast._like for breakfast?6) Thats Nancys skirt._ is that?3、按要求改写句子。1) Its a book.（改为一般疑问句）_2) My father is in the office.（对划线部分提问）_3) Do you watch TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答）_4) This picture is beautiful.（改为以what引导的感叹句） What_picture!5) Open the door for him.（改为否定句）_6) I have a big present.（对划线部分提问）_?7) There are some orange trees.（改为单数句子）_.8) we are going to see a Beijing opera.（对划线部分提问）_ ?9) He has some questions.（改为一般疑问句）_?10) They visited their relatives and friends last Spring Festival.（改为一般疑问句）_they_their relatives and friendslast Spring Festival?二、基本句型：1.主 + 谓语动词（S+V）如： I work. You study. They swim.2.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （s +linkv +p） We are in the classroom. They look like twins.The food tastes delicious. Leaves turn green.3.主语 + 谓动 + 宾语（S+V+O） She studies English. They play football.4. 主语 + 谓动 + 宾语 + 补语（S+V+O+C） We should keep our class clean.5. 主语 + 谓动 + 间接宾语(人) +直接宾语（物）（S+V+IO+DO）My mother made me a new dress. The teacher gave us some books.三、按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1.简单句：只包括一个主语和谓语的句子。例如：He likes swimming. We are students.2并列句：包含两个或两个以上主语和谓语结构的句子，句与句之间用并列连词或分号来连接。如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.(you must)Hurry up, or you will be late for school.3.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子，从句有从属连词（when, while, before, after, as soon as , if, because, so, though, etc.）引导.如：The film had begun When we got to the cinema.He didnt go to school because he was ill yesterday.练一练：连词成句4. is，the，what，weather，today，like_5. you，me，please，could，help_6. are，what，they，colour_7. many，minutes，hour，there，how，are，in，an_8. him，give，please，water，a，of，bottle_9. to，I，put，the，ball，in，the，box，want_there/here be结构1、there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was there were。如：There is a school near my home. There are many books in my school-bag. There was a river here.here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。2、与have、has、had的区别：（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）There be +名词+某地 ；而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物 某人+have/has/had +某物。I have five books.（2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定“就近原则”。 There is a desk and many chairs. There are some children, a policeman and an old man. （3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 如：There isnt a shop near my home. Are there some flowers in your bedroom.（4）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ （5）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats +there+ 介词短语？ （6）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练：1、用恰当的be动词填空。1) There four seasons in a year. 2) There not any trees two years ago.3) - there a post office near your school? -Yes, there .4) -How many stops there? -There only one.5) There not any stamps on the envelope. 6) there any birds in the tree?2、选用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。1) I a good father and a good mother. 2) a telescope on the desk. 3) He a tape-recorder. 4) a basketball in the playground. 5) They a nice garden. 6) My father a story-book last year. 7) a reading-room in the building? 8) What does Mike ? 9) any books in the bookcase? 10) How many students in the classroom? 11) a story-book on the table a moment ago. 12) What do you ?some，any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号说明的用法。例：There