关于be动词、情态动词和实义动词的区别.doc

关于be动词、情态动词和实义动词的区别到目前为止，我们主要学习了三类动词：be动词、情态动词和实义动词。下面我们分别来讲一下它们得用法。1. be动词属于系动词, 在句子中主要表现为三种形式：am is、are。后面往往接形容词或名词做表语。如：(1)Im young. (young形容词做表语)(2)He is a boy.( a boy名词做表语) 含有be动词的句子在进行否定、疑问句变化时，都要在be动词上变化。(1)变为否定句：主语+be+ not+其他。即，直接在be后not.Im a Chinese boy.(变为否定句)You are good. (变为否定句)He is strict with us. (变为否定句)She is from America. (变为否定句)以上四个句子中都含有am、 is或are，变否定句时，直接在am 、is、are后面加上not.即：Im not a Chinese boy.You are not good.He is not strict with us.She is not from America.(2)变为一般疑问句：Be+主语+其他？即把be动词提到主语的前面。注意：当肯定句主语为第一人称I和We时，变一般疑问句要变为第二人称，be动词也要相应的变为are.同样肯定句中的my和our 也要变为your. I am a boy. (变为一般疑问句)Are you a student? We are good friends. (变为一般疑问句)Are you good friends? She is from America. (变为一般疑问句)Is she from America? He is strict with us. (变为一般疑问句)Is he strict with us?(3)变特殊疑问句：一般的要求为“对划线部分提问”，即用特殊疑问词代替划线的部分，后接省略划线部分的一般疑问句（一般不再出现划线部分）。如： Im well.（对划线部分提问）How are you?She is from America. （对划线部分提问）Where is she from?2. 关于情态动词：初中我们常用的情态动词主要有：can、 may、must、need。我们这里主要以can为例来说明情态动词的用法。情态动词后面必须接动词的原形。情态动词can的用法类似于be动词。不论主语为第几人称，变否定就是在can后加not.变疑问就是把can提到句子前面。(1)变否定句：主语+can +not+ 其他。I can spell my name.(变否定句)I can not(cant)spell my name.He can swim. (变否定句)He cant swim.(2)变一般疑问句：Can + 主语+ 其他？即直接把can提到句首。 I can spell my name.(变为一般疑问句)Can you spell your name? He can swim.（变为一般疑问句）Can he swim?(3)变特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ I can spell my name. (对划线部分提问)What can you spell? He can swim. (对划线部分提问)Who can swim?3。实义动词，也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲，实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时，一定不能用be动词。那么，实义动词究竟怎样用呢？正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样，实义动词在肯定句中，也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时，实义动词要变为相应的第三称单数；当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时，实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时，不能直接在动词上变，而是要借助另一类动词：助动词do、does。（1）肯定句： I have a blue book. He has a brother. She wants to be a teacher. They like to play basketball.(2)否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词，是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的，但加了do/does后，其后面的动词必须用动词原形。 I have a blue book.（变为否定句）I dont have a blue book. He has a brother. （变为否定句）He doesnt have She wants to be a teacher. （变为否定句）She doesnt want to be a teacher. They like to play basketball. （变为否定句）They dont like to play basketball.(3)一般疑问句：Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他？句中加了do/does后，其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。 I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)Do you have a blue book? He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)Does he have a brother? My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)Does your brother do his homework before supper? She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)Does she want to be a teacher? They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)Do they like to play basketball?(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ Your sister likes English best because its interesting. (对划线部分提问)Why does your sister like English best? He does his homework before supper. (对划线部分提问)When does he do his homework?注意：当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语，我们把这类句子变否定句时，必须把and