实用易懂的非谓语动词讲座.ppt

分词作定语分词作定语 、 非谓语动词作宾语补足语、宾语、状语非谓语动词作宾语补足语、宾语、状语 英语中每个动词都有谓语动词和非谓语动词之别。所谓非谓英语中每个动词都有谓语动词和非谓语动词之别。所谓非谓 语动词即不可以做句子的谓语但可以做句子其他成分（如语动词即不可以做句子的谓语但可以做句子其他成分（如 主语、宾语、状语等等）的动词形式。主语、宾语、状语等等）的动词形式。 英语中共有三种非谓语动词：英语中共有三种非谓语动词：doingdoing， to doto do，donedone 下面我们将要学习的是这三种非谓语动词在做各种成分时需下面我们将要学习的是这三种非谓语动词在做各种成分时需 要注意的一些问题要注意的一些问题 一一 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 英语中的状语一般由状语从句（即连词英语中的状语一般由状语从句（即连词+ +句子）充当，如：句子）充当，如： 1 1）when I got to the airportwhen I got to the airport, the plane had taken off., the plane had taken off. 2 2）While I was playing footballWhile I was playing football, I had my left leg injured., I had my left leg injured. 然而，当主句和从句的主语为同一人或物时，则可以对从句进行省略。然而，当主句和从句的主语为同一人或物时，则可以对从句进行省略。 主动语态的从句主动语态的从句 doingdoing 被动语态的从句被动语态的从句 done done 如：如： 1. 1. While I was playing footballWhile I was playing football, I had my left leg injured., I had my left leg injured. While playing footballWhile playing football, I had my left leg injured., I had my left leg injured. 2. 2. Because he was invited to the partyBecause he was invited to the party, he felt quite happy., he felt quite happy. Because invited to the partyBecause invited to the party, he felt quite happy, he felt quite happy 注意注意：（：（1 1）大多数时候前面的连词也可以一并省去。大多数时候前面的连词也可以一并省去。 （2 2）分词可以做各类状语（时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等等），）分词可以做各类状语（时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等等）， （3 3）to doto do只能作目的状语和结果状语只能作目的状语和结果状语( (作作 结果状语时一般只有结果状语时一般只有only to only to findonly to be toldfindonly to be told这两个结构这两个结构) )，如：，如： He takes exercise every morning He takes exercise every morning so that he can lose weight.so that he can lose weight. He takes exercise every morning He takes exercise every morning to lose weight.to lose weight. We hurried to the station We hurried to the station only to find that the train had goneonly to find that the train had gone. . （4 4）not not 要放在非谓语动词之前。要放在非谓语动词之前。 Not knowing what to doNot knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher for advice., he turned to his teacher for advice. 将下列句子中的状语从句改写成非谓语动词作状语的形式：将下列句子中的状语从句改写成非谓语动词作状语的形式： 1. While he was working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.1. While he was working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. (While) (While) WorkingWorking in the factory, he was an advanced worker. in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 2. If I am given more time, Ill be able to do it better.2. If I am given more time, Ill be able to do it better. Given more timeGiven more time, Ill be able to do it better., Ill be able to do it better. 3. He worked day and night so that he can support his family.3. He worked day and night so that he can support his family. He worked day and night He worked day and night to support his family.to support his family. 用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. 1. English well, you need to keep practising speaking it.(learn)English well, you need to keep practising speaking it.(learn) 2. He dropped the glass, 2. He dropped the glass, it into pieces.(break )it into pieces.(break ) 3. 3. by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.(praise)by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.(praise) 4. 4. regularly, the flower will surely survive.(water) regularly, the flower will surely survive.(water) 5. _ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.(take)5. _ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.(take) 6. 6. up in a small village, he is very curious about the outside world.(grow) up in a small village, he is very curious about the outside world.(grow) 7. I had to shout7. I had to shout myself heard.(make)myself heard.(make) 8. 8. from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.（seesee） 9. He hurried home only 9. He hurried home only his money stolen. his money stolen.（ find find ） 注意：注意：having donehaving done为为doingdoing的完成体（两者都和主句的主语为主动关系）的完成体（两者都和主句的主语为主动关系） having been done having been done为为donedone的完成体（两者都和主句的主语为被动关系）的完成体（两者都和主句的主语为被动关系） 只是若分词的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用分词的只是若分词的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用分词的 完成体，且一般有完成体，且一般有for +for +时间段时间段 或或 sincesince等提示词，如：等提示词，如： Having suffered heart disease for years, she died last month.Having suffered heart disease for years, she died last month. Having been told many times, she finally understood it.Having been told many times, she finally understood it. 二非谓语动词作主语和宾语二非谓语动词作主语和宾语 （一）关于非谓语动词做主语（一）关于非谓语动词做主语 英语中能做主语非谓语动词只有英语中能做主语非谓语动词只有doing doing 和和 to doto do（dodo和和donedone不能做句子的主语）不能做句子的主语） 1. Take exercise is good for your health.(take taking)1. Take exercise is good for your health.(take taking) 2. Learn English is not easy.(learn learning)2. Learn English is not easy.(learn learning) （二）关于非谓语动词做宾语（二）关于非谓语动词做宾语 下列动词要求用下列动词要求用to doto do作宾语，即构成作宾语，即构成 类似类似want to dowant to do的结构：的结构： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, demand, afford, beg, manage, agree, promiseplan, prepare, demand, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise 下列动词或动词短语要求用下列动词或动词短语要求用doingdoing做宾语，即构成做宾语，即构成 类似类似enjoy doingenjoy doing的结构的结构: : enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, admitworth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, admit ，considerconsider，riskrisk，practisepractise，forbidforbid， mind,mind, 熟记：以下动词既可以熟记：以下动词既可以+to do +to do 也可以也可以+doing+doing，但意义有别：，但意义有别： doing doing （已经发生的动作）（已经发生的动作） forgetrememberregret +forgetrememberregret + to do ( to do (将要发生的动作将要发生的动作) ) doing ( doing (意味着做某事意味着做某事) doing () doing (尝试做某事尝试做某事) ) Mean + Try + Mean + Try + to do to do（打算去做某事）（打算去做某事） to do to do（努力做某事）（努力做某事） Stop doing Stop doing （停止正在做的事）（停止正在做的事） stop to do stop to do（停下来去做）（停下来去做） 注意：doing作主语时往往会在前面加上其逻辑主语：ones + doing doing作宾语时往往会在前面加上其逻辑主语：物主代词+doing或 ones + doing 如： 1. Do you mind opening the window? Do you mind memy opening the window? 2. Toms attending my wedding made me happy.(Toms 此处不能换成Tom) 用动词的正确形式填空用动词的正确形式填空 三 非谓语动词做宾语补足语 （一）以下动词后用（一）以下动词后用to doto do做宾语补足语，即可以构成做宾语补足语，即可以构成tell sb to dotell sb to do的结构：的结构： ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbidencourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid，wishwish，expectexpect，would likewould like等。等。 注意：以上动词若用于被动语态则其后必定接注意：以上动词若用于被动语态则其后必定接to doto do，即：，即： Sb be allowed (not) Sb be allowed (not) to do to do ( (二二) ) 感官动词后用分词（感官动词后用分词（doingdonedoingdone）作宾语补足语。常见的感官动词有：）作宾语补足语。常见的感官动词有： see, watch, notice, hear, feel, smell, find, catch(see, watch, notice, hear, feel, smell, find, catch(抓住抓住) ) 下面我们以下面我们以seesee为例为例 讲一下讲一下 感官动词后接宾语补足语的方法。感官动词后接宾语补足语的方法。 doingdoing（与宾语成主动关系）（与宾语成主动关系） see + see +宾语宾语（名词或代词）（名词或代词）+ + done done（与宾语成被动关系）（与宾语成被动关系） 如：如：1. I saw 1. I saw a stranger knocking a stranger knocking at your door.at your door. 2. I saw 2. I saw a stranger bitten a stranger bitten by your dog.by your dog. 注意：若感官动词用于被动语态则其后的非谓语动词按动词和主语之间