诗歌那么美,我们一起看zhong.ppt

Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 走好鉴赏诗词的第一步 读懂诗歌 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 四看 看题目作者 看意象炼字 看语句表达 看诗后注解 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1、看题目作者 题目定诗由 作者定诗风 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 看题目 1、表达作者写作缘由。 赋得暮雨送李胄 韦应物 楚江微雨里，建业暮钟时。 漠漠帆来重，冥冥鸟去迟。 海门深不见，浦树远含滋。 相送情无限，沾襟比散丝。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 看题目 2、表达作者写作目的。 山中留客 张旭 山光物态弄春晖， 莫为轻阴便拟归。 纵使晴明无雨色， 入云深处亦沾衣。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 看题目 3、直接表达作者的写作场景、写作 对象。 望洞庭 刘禹锡 湖光秋月两相和， 潭面无风镜未磨。 遥望洞庭山水翠， 白银盘里一青螺。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 看题目 4、直接表达作者的情感。 天净沙秋思 春夜喜雨 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 看作者 陶渊明归园之乐 李白怀才不遇 愤世嫉俗、清新飘逸 杜甫忧国忧民 沉郁顿挫 王维含蓄生动，雄浑奇拔(边塞诗) 白居易雅俗共赏 李贺奇诡变幻 李商隐含蓄绰约 杜牧清丽俊逸 特定内容 固定风格 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、看意象炼字 意象表达出的情感 炼字体现出的好处 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 关键词 （1）作者为表达感情所选取的外 在事物，即意象，一般是名词。 （2）作者组织意象的时候，一些 动词、形容词、数量词的使用。 一首诗的“诗眼” Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 看意象 1、意象的效果。（表达情感、塑造形象） 蜡烛奉献教师 盾牌保护弱者警察 玫瑰 菊花 月亮 杨柳 鸿雁 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 看炼字 雨晴 （王贺） 雨前初见花间蕊，雨后全无叶底花。 蜂蝶飞来过墙去，却疑春色在邻家。 春风又绿江南岸 悠然见南山 红杏枝头春意闹 四更山吐月，残夜月明楼 江山有巴蜀，栋宇自齐梁 实词 虚词 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1、动词（使意象化静为动，形象生动） 你记得跨清溪半里桥，旧红板没一条，秋水长天人过少。冷 清清的落照，剩一树柳弯腰。（哀江南孔尚任） 剩、留、见 剩：一般是被动的，而且有“残存”“残余”意；有时间性，给 人一种“无可奈何”之感。 留：无这么多含义。 见：只就眼前而言，不能给人以今昔对比的变迁感。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。（凉州词王之 涣） 怨：用了拟人手法，既是曲中之情，又是吹笛人之心 。 感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。（春望杜甫） 此二字，不仅用字新鲜，而且增添了诗人感时恨别的 内心痛苦。 气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。（登岳阳楼杜甫） 具有夸张色彩。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、形容词（绘景摹状，化抽象为具体，化无形为有 形，使人如闻其声，如见其人，如触其物，如历其境 ） 黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。（凉州词王之涣 ） 一个“孤”字，写尽环境之孤苦，由此可达人心。 随风潜入夜，润物细无声。（春夜喜雨杜甫） “细”字，脉脉绵绵，写的是自然造化发生之机，最为贴切。 寥落古行宫，宫花寂寞红。（行宫元稹） 本是表热闹的宫花的“红”，却形容之以表冷清的“寂寞 ”，运用矛盾修辞法，更觉和情深婉。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、数量词 A.用虚数虚化烘托，增强表现力 一寸二寸之鱼，三竿两竿之竹。（小园赋庾信） “一”“二”“三”“两”，寥寥几笔，鱼不一定就这么大，竹 未必就这么多，但却写出了鱼虽小而有趣，竹虽少而有味的 境界。 一上高城万里愁，蒹葭杨柳似汀州。（咸阳城西楼晚眺 许诨） 登城“一”望，思乡之愁，“万”里无际。未必只望一眼， 愁又怎能以“万里”计，但对比中有夸张，增强了表现力，把 思乡之愁写得极富感染力。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B.用确数。 前村深雪里，昨夜一枝开。（早梅齐己） 惆怅阶前红牡丹，晚来唯有两枝残。（惜牡丹花白居易） C.虚数确数同时运用。 故国三千里，深宫二十年。一声何满子，双泪落君前。（宫 词张祜） Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4、虚词：疏通文意，开合呼应，悠扬委 曲，活跃情韵，化板滞为流动。 江山有巴蜀，栋宇自齐梁。（上兜率寺杜甫） 闺中少妇不知愁，春日凝装上翠楼。忽见陌头杨柳 色，悔教夫婿觅封侯。（闺怨王昌龄） Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 5、在形式上与众不同的特殊词。 叠韵词、拟声词、表颜色的词（特殊 的形容词、副词增强韵律感、节 奏感，模拟声音形态，使诗文更生动 形象。） Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 叠韵词 昔我往矣，杨柳依依；今我来思，雨雪霏霏。 （诗经） 杨柳青青江水平，闻浪江上踏歌声。 （竹枝词其一 刘禹锡） 千门万户瞳瞳日，总把新桃换旧符。 （元日王安石） 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。 （声声慢李清照） 作用：增强语言的韵律感或起强调作用。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 拟声词 帘外雨潺潺，春意阑珊，罗衾不耐五更寒。 （浪淘沙李煜） 无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。（登高杜甫） 表颜色的词 过春风十里，过荠麦青青。（扬州慢姜夔） 红藕香残玉簟秋。（一剪梅李清照） 映阶碧草自春色，隔夜黄鹂空好音。（蜀相杜甫 ） 表现心情，增强描写的色彩感和画面感，渲染气氛 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 6、词性改变的活用词。 中国古代诗人为了炼字、炼意的需要 ，常常改变诗词中某些词语的词性， 使这些词在特定的语境中，起到不同 寻常的作用而成为一句诗或一首诗中 的关键词，甚至成为一首诗的诗眼“ 或一首词的“词眼“。词性的活用，大 的方面有实字虚用，虚字实用，小的 方面有名词动用、形容词动用等。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 临行与故游赠别 何逊 复如东流水， 未有西归日。 夜雨滴空阶， 晓灯暗离室。 化腐朽为神奇，增强了诗词的表现力 、感染力。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 破山寺后禅院 常建 山光悦鸟性， 潭影空人心。 万籁此俱寂， 惟闻钟磬音。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 咏怀古迹五首 杜甫 群山万壑赴荆门，生长明妃尚有村。 一去紫台连朔漠，独留青冢向黄昏。 画图省识春风面，环珮空归月夜魂。 千载琵琶作胡语，分明怨恨曲中论。 实战： Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 暮江吟 白居易 一道残阳铺水中， 半江瑟瑟半江红。 可怜九月初三夜， 露似真珠月似弓。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、看语句表达 改变词性 颠倒词序 省略成分 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 颠倒词序还原颠倒 的词序 主语后置。 崔颢黄鹆楼诗:“晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲 。” 意即“晴川(晴朗的原野上)汉阳树历历(可数)，鹦鹉 洲芳草萋萋“，“汉阳树“和“鹦鹉洲“置于“历历“、“萋萋“之 后，看起来好像是宾语，实际上却是被陈述的对象。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 宾语前置 杜甫月夜诗:“香雾云鬟湿，清辉玉臂寒。” 实即“香雾湿云鬟，清辉寒玉臂”。诗人想象他远在鄜 州的妻子也正好在闺中望月，那散发着幽香的蒙蒙雾 气仿佛沾湿了她的头发，清朗的月光也使得她洁白的 双臂感到寒意。 这里的“湿”和“寒”都是所谓使动用法，“云鬟”、“玉臂 ”本是它们所支配的对象，结果被放在前面，似乎成了 主语。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 辛弃疾贺新郎词: “把酒长亭说。看渊明、风流酷似 ，卧龙诸葛。” 钱起谷卫书斋寄杨补阙诗: “竹怜新雨后，山爱夕阳时。” Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 主、宾换位。 叶梦得贺新郎词: “秋色渐将晚，霜信报黄花。” 白居易长恨歌： “姊姝兄弟皆列土，可怜光彩生门户” 卢纶塞下曲诗： “林暗草惊风，将军夜引弓” Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 定语的位置。 在偏正词组中，定语在前，中心语在后，这是古今 汉语的一般情况。诗词曲定语的位置却相当灵活， 往往可以离开它所修饰的中心语而挪前挪后。 A定语挪前 B定语挪后 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. A定语挪前 王昌龄从军行诗: “青海长云暗雪山，孤城遥望玉门关。” 刘叉从军行诗: “横笛闻声不见人，红旗直上天山雪。” 陆游昼卧诗: “香生帐里雾，书积枕边山。“ Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. B定语挪后 李白梦游天姥吟留别诗: “我欲因之梦吴越。一夜飞渡镜湖月。” 杜甫诗春夜喜雨 : “晓看红湿处，花重锦官城。“ Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 以宾语面貌出现的状语。 杜甫秋兴：“织女机丝虚夜月，石鲸 鳞甲动秋风” 崔护诗题都城南庄：“人面不知何处 去，桃花依旧笑春风” 杜甫秋兴八首之二:“千家山郭静朝珲 ，日日江楼坐翠微。” 李商隐安定城楼诗:“永忆江湖归白发 ，欲回天地入扁舟” Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 谓宾倒置 苏轼念奴娇词: “故国神游。多情应笑我，早生华发。” 王之焕登鹳雀楼： “欲穷千里目，更上一层楼” 辛弃疾永遇乐京口北固亭怀古： “千古江山，英雄无觅，孙仲谋处“ Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 省略成分注意诗词中的省略， 用想象和联想去填补诗人留下的空白 诗词赏析始终离不开“想象”二字。读词须有想象。 在诗词鉴赏中根据诗词所规定的“再造条件”进行再 造想象，可以补充诗人有意留下的空白，还原诗歌 的场景，获得更高的审美享受。这是诗词欣赏的必 要环节。诗词的省略跟意象的组合有关。所以要求 利用想象填充省略的部分，也是可能考到的一种题 目。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 寻隐者不遇 贾岛 松下问童子，言师采药去。 只在此山中，云深不知处。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 辛弃疾 “ 明月别枝惊鹊，清风半夜鸣蝉” “别枝惊鹊” 和“半夜鸣蝉”结合在一起之 后，便构成了一个声色兼备、动静咸宜的 深幽意境，人们甚至忽略了这两句的平仄 和对仗的工稳了。 “明月”和“惊鹊”，“清风”和“鸣蝉”并非事 物的简单罗列，而是有着内在的联系和因 果关系的。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 黄庭坚寄黄几复诗中“桃李春风一杯酒，江湖 夜雨十年灯” 。 上句追忆京城相聚之乐，下句抒写别后相思之深。诗人摆 脱常境，不用“我们两人当年相会”之类的一般说法，却拈 出“一杯酒”三字。“一杯酒”，这太常见了!但惟其常见， 正可给人以丰富的暗示。 沈约别范安成云: 勿言一樽酒，明日难重持。 王维迭元二使安西云:“劝君更进一杯酒，西出阳关无 故人。” 杜甫春日忆李白云:“何时一樽酒，重与细论文？” Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty