红宝书学位英语考前辅导.ppt

学位英语红宝书考前辅导 广东省学位英语网 陆道夫 主讲 命题趋势预测 v语法项目不会太难，同义词、近义词和常用 词组的命题比例会加重 v常见的会话语境减少，新的会话类型加大， 句式更简单地道，不出长的选项。 v日期、星期、天气是新亮点 v问路、邀请、询问是经典题型 精华考点梳理 v会话常考语境及有用句型 1.常考的语境：介绍自己、同学、朋友等，问 路、购物、打电话、建议、提出请求、表达 个人好恶与偏爱、谈论天气等。 2.上下文语境关系、约定俗成的口语习惯用法 、中文口语表达的干扰（即汉语式的英语口 语）等历来都是会话测试的命题重点所在。 会话常考句型 vIntroduction（介绍） 1.John，may I introduce Mary to you？ 2.Id like you to meet Mary. 3 .Have you met each other before？ 4.Can I have your business card? 5.Sorry, I didnt catch your name 会话常考句型 vApologies（道歉） Excuse me.I beg your pardon.Forgive me. Im really sorry for not keeping my promise Will you ever forgive me？ Its all my fault. I didnt mean it Its stupid of me to thinkdo that 会话常考句型 vInvitations（邀请） I wonder if you two would like to come to？ Would you be free to a concert on Sunday? Why dont you come on a holiday with us？ We should be delighted if you could 会话常考句型 vAsking for Permission（请求许可） Do you mind my doing？ Would you mind my doing？ Would it be possible for me to put off the work till a later day? I wonder if I could turn the CD player on. 会话常考句型 v Making Telephone Calls（打电话） Is Roger there? Yes，speaking， please. Im afraid youve got the wrong number. Hold the line，please. Hes not available now. Can I take a message? May I leave a message？ Of course. Hold on for just a second so I can 会话常考句型 vHaving Meals（用餐） Are you ready to order now? What would you like to drink，tea or coffee？ I prefer to drink coffee without sugar. Make yourself at home. We will go Dutch.我们AA制。 Tonights on me. ILL take care of the billcheck. No. Its my treat. 会话常考句型 vAsking the Way（问路） Excuse me，can you tell me the way to？ Excuse me，is this the right way to？ Excuse me，how can I get to? Excuse me，does this bus go to.？ How long does it take to walk there? Turn right at a corner ,then go straight to ,you will find, you cant miss it. 会话常考句型 vTalking about Weather（谈论天气） Whats the weather like today in Guangzhou？ Have you heard the weather forecast？ What does the weather forecast say? We11 have fine weather for the next few days. What will it be after the clear weather？ It says a storm may come soon. The weather is terribly changeable at this time of the year 会话常考句型 vShopping（购物） MayCan I help you？ Are you looking for something particular？ Please try it on Do you know what size you are？ Im afraid we dont have it in stock How are you going to pay? Cash，check or charge? 会话常考句型 vShowing Attitude（表明态度） Its cool！Cool！ It is neat！ Thats great！ Thats incredible！ You are brilliantgreatterrific！ You scared me！ That is so stupid！ Its a piece of cake. 会话高频句型 vThats something. vDo you really mean it? vYou are a great help. vI couldnt be more sure. vI am behind you vMind you! vYou can count on it. vIve done my best 会话高频句型 vThat depends vThanks anyway. v Its a deal. vIt is my pleasure vWith pleasure vMe,too ( you,too) vTake care, take it easy. 会话高频句型 vAfter you. vDont take it to heart vWed better be off vLets face it. vLets get started vIve done my best vIs that so? v Im not going to kid you 会话高分提示 v判断对话者的意图 v分清会话语境 v抓关键词和习惯表达 v从四个选项中采用排除法，根据对话语境来 验证排除剩下的正确答案。用翻译法来做会 话题型，容易受汉语干扰而选错答案。 v 特别注意同义反复、前肯后否、一正一反等 例题分析 v选项入手，不看对话内容。用“三最”来排除不 符合地道英语表达的中式英语选项。 Will: So Masahiro, hows the coffee maker working? Masahiro: Actually, it doesnt work well. Anna: Why dont you take it back? Masahiro:_ , but Ive misplaced the receipt. A. I do B. Its already broken C. Id like to D. Its not what I wanted 例题分析 vSusan: Lets; go to the restaurant and have dinner right now! vMarilyn: OK. Lets get in. vSusan: Thanks._. A. After you B. You go first C. Ill follow you D. Have fun 例题分析 v同义反复 Visitor: How do I get to the bank? I have no knowledge of this area. Policeman: Cross the road and turn left at the other side._ for about 100 meters and the bank is to your left. vA. Continue you walking vB. Keep going straight vC. Go along vD. Go on walking 前否后肯（but标志） vWaitress: Yes, sir, anything the matter? vCustomer:_ , but this soup is too salty. vWaitress: Im very sorry, sir. Ill change it for you. A. I cant stand it B. Sorry to do it C. I hate to complain D. Sorry to bother you 语法考点归纳 v1.非谓语动词的七大考点 v2.主谓一致的十大考点 v3.关系代词和关系副词的六大考点 v4.虚拟语气的八大考点 v5.倒装句的三大考点 1.非谓语动词的七大考点 v使役动词（have, make, let 等词）后不定 式要省略但同(被动以后要还原to ) vI make John answer the question. vJohn is made to answer the question. v介词to和不定式to不要混淆，以下短语中， to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或doing to后接名词或动名词的词组 vagree to（同意，答应） come to（到达，涉 及到） object to（反对，不赞成）, get to（ 开始做某事） relate to（与相关）take to（从事） accustom to（习惯于）devote to（致力于）owe to（归功于）, prefer to（ 更喜欢） get down to（开始认真做某事） look forward to（盼望，期待） equal to similar to（相似）, superior to（优于，胜过 ）, sensitive to（敏感） indifferent to（不关 心）, key to（答案是）, answer to 只跟不定式的动词 vwant，wish，hope，manage，promise， refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide， agree，expect, allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do, vforce sb to do, be more likely to do, love to do, warn sb to do, be able to do, vbe ambitious to do, begin to do , start to do 只能接动名词的动词 vadmit; appreciate; avoid; consider; defer; delay; deny; detest; dislike; dispute; enjoy; i escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; mention; mind; miss; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; resist; risk; suggest; understand 2）主谓一致 v 由and连接的两个或两个以上名词做主语， 谓语动词通常用复数，但是如果主语表示的是 同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动 词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个 词只有一个冠词。 vThe knife and fork is on the table. vThe knife and the fork are on the table. v类似的还有：law and order, bread and butter, black and white, To love and to be loved is A teacher and mother is v非谓语动词短语、从句做主语谓语用单数 vWhat she did is out of our expectation. vSeeing is believing. v倒装结构中谓语的数与它真正主语的数一致 ，真正的主语在谓语之后。 vIn front of the house stands a big tree. vIn front of the house stand two young students. v 就远原则：当主语为 together with，as well as ，including ，along with， with / of ，accompanied with / by， besides, except, no less than, rather than+名词所修饰，谓语动词的数 与主语一致。 v 就近原则：当主语由or, eitheror, neither nor, not onlybut also连接时，谓语动词与最接近它的主语的数相一 致。 v 很多以s结尾的单词，看似复数，实为单数，谓语动词要用 单数。比如学科分支的名词： physics, mathematics, politics, mathematics, athletics, mechanics, economics, acoustics, etc. v 表示度量衡（时间，金钱，距离）单位连接的名词，作为一 个整体，谓语用单数；作为每一个个体，谓语用复数。 Two weeks is too short a time for the preparation of the final exam. vThere are two weeks before the final exams. vthe+adj表示“一类人”，谓语用复数；表某 一抽象概念或事物时，谓语用单数。 The good is always attractive. v由most , half , rest , some , majority , one percent of+名词做主语，由名词的数决定谓 语动词的数。 v由“lots of , heaps of, loads of, plenty of +名 词做主语，谓语随名词的单、复数而变化。 由A kind/type/sort+名词做主语，谓语用单数 ；many a +单数名词，表“许多”， 谓语用单 数；a number of/more than one +名词，谓 语用复数；The number of +名词， 谓语用复 数 。 接doing的常用说法 its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point. v同位语从句先行词：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding The fact that she failed in the exam last year. v关系代词who/that 指人，which/that指物，当 先行词是人与物的并列名词时，关系代词要用 that。 v当先行词是不定代词（all，anything， something，nothing）时，关系代词要用that 。 v当先行词有only，all，any及最高级修饰时， 通常用that做关系代词。 v在从句介词提前的定语从句中，非限定性定语 从句中，不能用 that做关系代词。 虚拟语气 v（1）should/would+动词原形do v如：I should go! but Im still here!) vI should be working now! (actually Im playing now.) v含“建议，假设，命令“的动词引导的从句用 虚拟语气，should 常省略 vsuggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan ，move（提议 vdemand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide; vrequire, request; think, expect, believe, insist, suspect. v以上动词的名词形式、分词、形容词引起的主语从 句，表语从句，同位语从句等都用虚拟语气 should+动词原形 v如：Its suggested that vMy suggestion is that vThe only suggestion that. vThe only suggestion I can give you now is that vimportant; necessary; essential，advisable， obligatory that. vIts natural; strange; incredible， imperative va pity; a shame; no wonder v由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用 should v与将来相反 If +were to do, (subject) should/would do vIf it rains tomorrow, well have to stay one day more.（也可以接受） v与现在相反：If +（ past tense），(subject) should/would do v If I were you, I would leave at once. vIts (high) time (that); would rather (that)从句 中用一般过去时。 v与过去相反：If +had done, (subject) should/would have done v How nice it is if I had past the test! vHow nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning! v if only, as if, as though, though引导的条 件句和让步状语从句也表示与事实相反. v He treated me as if I were his own son. vHope I werent always losing things! vIf only/If I hadnt been there! vWhat if I hadnt been waiting right here! 倒装 v全倒装：将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。 v地点副词置于句首 vHere comes the bus. v这类副词有here, there, now, then, away, up, down, back等 ，常用谓语动词come, go, lie, run等表移动的动词。 v如果主语是代词则不能倒装。 vHere it comes. v介词短语置于句首做状语，谓语动词倒装 Behind the tree hid a girl. v Neither, nor, so表否定或肯定，句子要倒装。谓语动词一般 用助动词代替。 vSo am I. Neither did she. vSo/such that句型中的so/such位于句首时，句子全倒装 vSo happy was he that he couldnt speak out a word. v半倒装：did， does，has， had等助动词提取 出来置于主语之前，而其它成分位置不变。如： vNot until midnight did he go to bed. a.否定副词置于句首，句子要倒装： not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no soonerthan，hardlywhen vHardly had he finished cooking, when there was a knock on the door. vb.only+状语（副词、介词词组、状语从句）位于句 首,句子半倒装，但only接句子其它成分，句子不倒 装 vOnly recently did he notice how important education is. vOnly the oldest one of the family stayed at home. 虚拟语气经典考题 vit is/was (high/ about/ the )time that 句型结 构 v在虚拟语气用于it is (high/ about/ the )time 句 型，其中that可以省略。如： vIt is high time we went home. 我们必须回家 了（暗指有些晚了） vIts time they were taught a lesson. v该句型与以下两种句型区别： v（a）Its time (+for +sb)+动词不定式。该句 型表示“时间刚好准备做某事”，是陈述语气， 表达一种事实。如：Its time for us to have our supper. 平行结构 v这种结构的连词有and ，and as well， as well as ， both ， but ， or ，nor ， not onlybut（also），either or ， neithernor ， than ， whetheror等 。处于平行关系的部分可以是句子中的任何成分，包括名词、 代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、动名词（短语）、不定式 短语、介词短语、分词短语、从句等。但试题中一般以短语和 分句的平行结构为最多。连接词所连接的部分通常在语言形式 上趋向一致，或同为不定式，或同为结构一样的从句等。 v例：Even as a girl, _to be her life, and theater audiences to be her best teachers. vA. performing by Melissa vB. it was known that Melissas performances were vC. knowing that Melissas performances were v D. Melissa knew that performing was v答案是D 强调句型 经典考题 v“It is（was）十强调部分十that（who）+句子”。无论强调句子的什么成 分，如时间状语、地点状语等，都用that引出句子的其他部分，而不用when ，where；在强调人时还可用who（whom）。 v 例： It was my parents who sent me the letter v It is only when one is ill that one realize the value of health. v注意： vis wasthat结构中的be动词只有时态的变化，没有数的变化，即不 管被强调的部分是单数还是复数，一律用is was。被强调的部分是从原 正常句子中为强调而提取出来的那一部分，因而要保持原来的形态，是 代词的主格仍用主格，是代词的宾格仍用宾格。 vIt was not untilthat为 强调句型中常见的强调时间状语的句式。 that后用肯定式，整个句子意为“直到才”。 v 例： It was not until midnight _ the snowcapped peak. v Athat they sighted B that they did not sight v Cdid they sight D had they sighted v答案是A v如果复合句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是suppose think believe expect等时，附加疑问句的主语就应与从 句的主语保持一致。 I think there will be a lot of students in the library tomorrow, wont there? v如果陈述部分是第二人称祈使句,后面的附加疑问句中要用肯 定形式的will(would ) you 或否定形式的wont you. v例：When you have finished with that video tape，dont forget to put it in my drawer，_? vAdo you Bwill you Cdont you Dwont you v答案是B 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法 v当数词用在比较结构中，其顺序为“数词十名 词十比较级than。如： v例：My watch is two minutes faster than yours. 我的表比你的快了两分钟。 v有些形容词本身就具有“比年长”、“比优 越”等含义，因此也就没有比较级和最高级。 比如：inferior，superior，senior, junior, prior, 等等。这些形容词往往和to连用，而不 和than连用。 v例：She thinks that she is senior to everyone else in the company. v形容词最高级作定语时，最高级前通常要加 定冠词the，如：the most important thing， the biggest elephant；但当最高级前有物主 代词时，不需加the，如： his most famous novel. v比较级特殊句式the more the more常表 示“越越”.more在此处泛指比较级，此句 式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开，句子结构 平行，而且谓语动词一致时，为避免重复常 进行省略。 v比较级特殊句式（not）so asas表示“如 同一样,不如”等意思。其结构和than句式 相仿，但asas之间的形容词必须用原形， 而且 asas 必须搭配使用。 倒装经典考题 v如果陈述部分带有seldom hardly never rarely little nowhere等否定词，谓语动词要用肯定式。 v例：She seldom writes to her stepmother , does she? v当数个形容词作定语共同修饰一个名词时，一般按照在意 义上与名词关系的密切程度来确定其位置。其排列顺序如下 ： v冠词或指示形容词，b）所有格，c）序数词，d）基数词，e ）表示特性或性质的词，D大小、长短、高低，D年龄、温度 、新旧，h）形态、形状，i）颜色，j）国际、地区、出处，k ）物资、材料，1）用途、类别、目的、与有关。 v例：a new red scarf vall the nine beautiful young Chinese girl students 比较句型考点 v比较句式the sameas也常用来表示“和一 样” the same和as既可连用，也可分开使用。 v比较句式notany more than和no more than “和一样不”。 vno more than 前后比较的双方均表示否定,而 no less than 前后比较的双方则表示肯定。 v比较句式notso muchas；notso much thatas（that） but（that） v 该句型结构表示“与其不如”的意思。 虚拟语气条件句 v在虚拟语气条件句中, if 省略，were, had, should 置于句首，其它成分位置不便，句子 半倒装。Had I been there, I would have talked about it with her. 易混淆的常考词汇 v economic,economical v effective,effectual vemigrate, immigrate vhistoric, h