lr5美联储启动二次量化宽松计划_向美国经济再注资6000亿美元.doc

美联储启动二次量化宽松计划，向美国经济再注资6000亿美元The Federal Reserve calls Americas economic recovery disappointingly slow. So the Federal Reserve decided Wednesday to add six hundred billion dollars to the financial system by the middle of next year. To do this, the central bank will buy Treasury securities from dealers.美联储（The Federal Reserve）称美国经济复苏缓慢得“令人失望”。因此，美联储周三决定到明年6月底前将通过购入国债，向金融系统注资6000亿美元。The action is known as quantitative easing. The goal is to reduce long-term interest rates. The hope is to create conditions where businesses will invest more and people will spend more.此举被称为量化宽松（quantitative easing），目的在于降低长期利率。从而为企业增加投资和民众增加消费创造条件。Buying longer-term Treasury securities will make less government debt available to investors. This will raise the price. As bond prices rise, their rates fall.美国央行购入长期国债，将导致流入投资者的政府债券减少，从而使债券价格提高。而债券价格的提高将导致其利率下降。Long-term securities affect rates on home mortgages and other loans. Lower rates on corporate bonds could lead businesses to invest in more equipment and jobs.长期国债将影响到住房抵押贷款和其他贷款的利率。企业贷款利率的降低，可能将促使企业在设备和岗位方面增加投资。Lowering short-term interest rates is the Federal Reserves main way to get banks to increase lending. But those rates are already near zero.降低短期利率是美联储迫使银行增加贷款的主要途径。但目前这类利率已经接近为零。The Fed earlier bought one trillion seven hundred fifty billion dollars of Treasuries and other securities. That program ended in March.早期，美联储购买了1.75万亿美元的国债和其他债券。该计划已于三月份结束。Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke, writing in The Washington Post, said Easier financial conditions will promote economic growth. But interest rates are already low. And critics say further cuts are unlikely to create much growth.美联储主席本伯南克（Ben Bernanke）在华盛顿邮报上发表文章表示，“宽松的金融环境将促进经济增长。”但利率已经很低。反对者表示，利率水平的进一步降低不太可能造成经济的更多增长。Inflation also is low - so low that some economists worry more about the risk of falling prices and wages. But others say pumping more money into the economy will weaken the value of the dollar. They say it could raise inflation to dangerous levels - and not just in America.通货膨胀率也低，以致一些经济学家对价格和工资降低的风险产生更多担忧。但也有人表示，向经济体系注入更多资金将使美元贬值。他们说，这将使通货膨胀率上升到一个危险水平-而且，这不仅仅将发生在美国。Interest rates in the United States and Europe are lower than in Asia and Latin America. As a result, Asian and Latin American economies are already struggling with an overflow of investments.美国和欧洲的利率比亚洲和拉美低，因此，亚洲和拉美的经济已经开始艰难应对投资过剩。Large flows of capital can raise currency values and make export-based economies less competitive. Several nations are considering limits on capital.热钱的大量流入将使货币升值，同时，使出口型经济体（例如中国）竞争力下降。数个国家已经考虑限制热钱流入。The Feds action this week had been expected. But it comes as the heads of twenty leading economies prepare for talks in South Korea next week. And it came a day after the Republican Party retook control of the House of Representatives from the Democrats.美联储本周的举动早在人们意料之中。但是，它发生在下周20个主要经济体首脑将在韩国会晤，同时一周前共和党刚刚从民主党手中重新夺回众议院控制权这样一个大背景下。President Obama has invited leaders of both parties to meet on