专四_倒装.ppt

专四语法考点二：倒装 倒装考点口诀 n倒装两大类，全倒部分倒； n主倒从不倒; n全倒分两种：副词、地点介短在句首; n部分倒装分六种: n否定副词在句首，only加状在句首， nso . that结构so提前，承前否定/肯定neither nor/so, 状语从句as/ though，省去if虚拟句 一、全部倒装 1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away 等副词开头的句子里。 (1) the birds flew away. away flew the birds. (2) the rain came down. down came the rain. 2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 （1）山脚下有一个美丽的湖。 at the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. （2）教室外面站着一个男孩。 outside the classroom stood a boy. comparison there cut into the stone are the names of the scientists. (unit 1, para.11,l2) in the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned. (after twenty years,para.3, l1) 二、部分倒装 1. only+状语位于句首时 he only found it important to get along with others then. only then did he find it important to get along with others. we can only make great progress in this way. only in this way can we make great progress. 2. 否定副词及短语位于句首时。 常考的这类词或词语有：not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等 。 i have never seen such a beautiful place. never have i seen such a beautiful place. in this world there is no complete justice, and there is full justice nowhere. in this world there is no complete justice, nowhere is there full justice. 3. 在省略if的虚拟条件从句中。 （1）如果我是你，我会努力学习。 were i you, i would work hard. （2）如果明天下雨的话，我们就延迟会议。 should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. （3）假如他听从了我的建议，他早就成功了 。 had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. 4、so neither nor 位于句首的情况。 1.so + 助动词 +主语 也一样。 so + 主语 + 助动词 确实如此。 he likes playing football, so do i. 2.neither 和 nor 用于否定句，表示“ 也不， 也没有”。 neither nor +助动词+主语 she doesnt like anybody interferring in her personal affairs, neither do i. 5.as/though引导的让步状语从句 动词后的所有成分都要倒装 名词形容词 分词短语副词动词 +asthough+主语+动词 though i was new to the faculty, i could have told this specimen a number of things. new as i was to the faculty, i could have told this specimen a number of things. 一、名词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 king as he was，he was unhappy. 他虽是国王 ，但他并不幸福。 child as he is，he knows to help other. 他虽是 个孩子，却知道帮助别人。 其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首 的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注 意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前 有形容词修饰也不用冠词。 e.g. though he is a boy，he likes to play with girls. boy as he is, he likes to play with girls 二、形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长 improbable as it seems，its true. beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 三、分词短语 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 raining hard as it is， im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去 散步。 surrounded as we were by the enemy， we managed to march forward. 虽然我们 被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。 小结： 以上三个例子中出现的动词通常为连系动 词，也就是说位于句首的名词/形容词/分 词短语是其后连系动词的表语。 四.副词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 hard though they tried，they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了 很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 fast as you read， you cant finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总 不能在两天之内就读完这本书。 五.动词原形 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 object as you may，ill go.纵使你反对， 我也要去。 try as he might，he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个 问题。 注意： 1.这类倒装的让步状语从句可用 as， though 来引导， 不能用 although 来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从 句却可用 though， although 来引导，而不能用 as 来 引导。也就是说， although 引导让步状语从句时不能 倒装，as 引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而 though 引 导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如： 虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。 正：late as though it was，we still went on working. 正：though it was late，we still went on working. 误：late although it was，we still went on working . 误：as it was late，we still went on working. 2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因， 区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容 大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主 句之间有因果关系。比较： tired as he was，he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚 才睡。(表让步) tired as he was，he went to bed early. 因为 很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因) in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. unpopular has as white been white has been as popular unpopular has been as white unpopular as white has been 6、 在“so + adj./adv. + that”句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首时的倒装。 so hard does he work that he has made great progress in english. 56.so badly_ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.(94) a. did he injure b. injured him c. was he injured d. he was injured 特殊倒装句型： not only but also 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒) not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well. 考点倒装四注意： 1、as/ though从句的表语是名词，倒装后其 名词前不加任何冠词 ; though he is a child-child as he is 2、if 虚拟句 were it not.或者had it not been., 但不可以说weren t it. 或者 hadnt it been.（not 不提前） 3、承前肯定so, 只能指定一件事情，两件 事情