南理工科技英语课后习题答案.doc

第二节 科技、半科技英语专业术语i. 1. d (自动驾驶仪)2. f (生物钟)3. i (热核的)4. g (地热的)5. b (微波)6. j (放射疗法)7. e (光周期)8. a (超导体)9. h (远距离操纵器)10. c (超显微/滤过性病毒)ii. 1. 一位从事航空医学研究的医生2. 防止计算机犯罪的措施3. 一种新型除霜器4. 一个用光电池驱动的玩具5. 一辆装有自动报警器的汽车6. 隔音材料7. 一种广泛使用的杀虫剂（农药）8. 用放射性碳做的试验9. 电信业的发展10. 一台通用机床iii.1. in-(inorganic)2. radio- (radioactive)3. hydro- (hydrotherapy)4. -free (caffeine-free) 5. infra- (infrared) / ultra- (ultrared) 6. mono- (monorail) 7. aero- (aerodynamics) 8. -fold (33-fold) 9. geo- (geocentric) 10. -proof (weatherproof)11. bio- (biotechnology)12. anti- (antibiotic)iv. 发电站2. 矿物燃料3. 太阳黑子4. 航天探测器5. 滚珠轴承6. 涡轮7. 航天飞机8. 树木的年轮9. 离心调速器10. 心肌功能v.1. flow2. laws 3. law4. conserved5. transferred6. transformed 7. bond 8. thermodynamics9. work 10. law 11. degraded 12. work13. law 14. state15. disorder 16. energy17. law 18. biological 19. metabolically20. cellvi. 1. 很明显，许多家用电器的加热和照明作用都依靠电阻。2. 气体如果不封闭在刚性的容器内就会膨胀，受热的气球便可说明这一现象。3. 在化学变化中，粒子结构发生变化，生成新的物质。4. 19世纪，电力设备以及由此兴起的工业得到迅速发展，而当时人们对电的性质还不完全了解。5. 应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。6. 可以有把握地说，除了琥珀之外，许多其他物质通过摩擦也能带电。第三节 科技英语中的复合词与专有名词1. h (耐热的，抗热的，不传热的)2. e (带宽)3. j (流线型的)4. b (基岩)5. g (耗电量大的)6. a (太空行走)7. i (用水制冷的)8. d (液态的)9. f (用防火材料保护的，阻燃的)10. c (网络)第四节 科技英语中的复数形式与缩略语i. 1. bacteria 2. spectra / spectrums3. radius 4. fungi5. nucleus6. formula 7. phenomenon 8. algae/algas9. larvae /larvas10. stratumii. 1. f (computer disc read-only memory)2. j (ear, nose, and throat)3. a (ribonucleic acid)4. h (unidentified flying object)5. c (microwave landing system)6. b (video-display terminal) 7. i (personal computer)8. e (ultraviolet)9. g (computer-aided manufacturing) 10. d (artificial intelligence)iii.1. 上述定理和定律不但对直流电路而言是正确的，对交流电路而言也同样是正确的。2. 美国通常的家用电压是110-220伏，因为人们发现更高的电压会造成致命的事故。3. 4500型平版印刷机（人们给该机器取的名字）能过生产1英寸厚的18英寸彩色液晶显示屏。4. 该发生器每小时产生蒸汽20万磅。电离层的结构是变化的，这就意味着，高频无线电通信的频率极限也是变化的。ii句子的翻译1. 假说是科学家从观察中得出的一种特定的论断。2. 大部分钱是靠出售他培育出的一种马铃薯新品种的秘诀而挣得的。3. 如果开关接通，电流就流过线路。4. 由于分子运动而引起的力能使分子分离。5. 很显然，数控是指机床采用数字来操纵。6. 电流的变化与电动势成正比，与电阻成反比。7. 无线电波与光波相似，只不过无线电波的波长要长一些。8. 自动化机器虽然有很多优点，但他们只能做人们吩咐它们要做的事情。9. 这些新技术的采用为我们提供了可靠性高、性能良好、成本低廉、耗电量小等优点。10. 即便在同一施工场地，由于地基的性质有很大差异，土地的承载力也不相同。11. 不是每次碰撞都能发生化学反应，因为许多分子不具有反应所需要的能量。12. 绝缘体接上电源后，电不会像通过导体那样通过绝缘体。iii长句的翻译1正是由于集成电路的研制成功，才有可能把电子器件做得越来越小。2在发达国家的工厂和车间里，用机器人来充当助手越来越普及，它是经设计并制造出来的机器手，可以独立从事各种工业活动。3试图利用计算机来复制人脑活动方式的数学家们发现，即使运用最先进的电子设备，他们也要建造一台重1万公斤的计算机才行。4结果表明，在相当长的时间内，全球平均气温都是相当稳定的，可极小的温度变化却意味着环境的巨大改变。5 但是，最近发表在科学杂志的一对研究报告并没有验证生物燃料的这种作用。并且，事实上，相对于要被取而代之的化石燃料来说，生物燃料对气候产生的危害是有过之而无不及。6尽管备受关注的是研发金属，陶瓷，聚合物与复合材料材质的改善， 但有能力生产，制造可以满足特定需求的材料现在也在渐渐变成现实。7信息高速公路是一种电子通讯网络，这一网络把所有的人互相联系起来，并可提供任意一种人们想得到的电子通讯方式。8如果把管子装成这个样子，使最热的水上升，而最冷的水流下来后返回锅炉里去，那么，锅炉中的热水系统不用水泵就能循环，道理就在于此。9多种因素促使人们更加关注(垃圾的处理)/这种兴趣的产生有很多因素，包括对垃圾越来越多，垃圾填埋场地越来越少，焚烧垃圾造成的空气污染越来越严重的担心；及对环境保护的必要性已形成的共识等。10无论是用作轿车和公汽的能源，还是发电作其他的什么用途，燃料电池都是无需燃烧就可将氢转化成电能。11.每个化学元素在周期表中都有一定的原子数和位置，可以据此来推测其特性：如何同别的元素相互作用，能形成什么样的化合物，以及它的物理属性。12.固体加热到足够温度时，它所含的电子就会有一部分离开固体表面而飞到周围的空间中去；这种现象称为热电子放射；通常，电子管就利用这种现象产生自由电子。第四章 自动化类英语阅读文选text 1i. 将下列短语译为英文。(1) data acquisition and supervisory control (2) fast switching thyristor (fst)(3) current to voltage convertor (i/v)(4) automation of electric power systems(5) safety control switch(6) silicon rectifier(7) feeder automation (fa)(8) intelligent power module(ipm)(9) power system harmonics(10) voltage transformerii. 将下列短语翻译为中文。(1) 电路测试技术(2) 电源控制系统(3) 电流互感器(4) 配电管理系统(5) 可控硅开关(6) 压敏电阻器(7) 压控振荡器(8) 硅对称开关(9) 正序阻抗(10) 电力电子电路text 2i. 将下列短语译为英文。(1) luminous sensitivity / photosensitivity(2) critical fusion frequency (cff)(3) gamma correction(4) parabolical mirror/ paraboloidal mirror/ parabolic reflector(5) diffraction grating(6) paraxial ray trace equations(7) optical path difference (opd)(8) visual sensitivity/ visual acuity(9) wavefront aberration(10) color saturation/ color gamutii. 将下列短语翻译为中文。(1) 有效焦距(2) 色焦距变换(3) 高斯求积(4) 轴向色象差/光轴色像差(5) 对比灵敏度/对比敏感度/反差灵敏度(6) 内部反射/内反射(7) 曲率半径(8) 点分布函数/点扩散函数/点散播函数(9) 衍射参数(10) 感光灵敏度/感光性text 3i. 将下列短语译为英文。logical link control（ llc ） media access control(mac) carrier synchronization carrier sense multiple accesspulse width modulation communication subnet one-way communicationparallel highway human-computer communication asynchronous transfer mode virtual lan broadcast storm application specific integrated circuitii. 将下列短语翻译为中文。(1) 应用层协议规范(2) 脉冲宽度调制(3) 数字识别(4) 光通信系统(5) 同相检波器(6) 谐波调和分析(7) 数据综合处理(8) 转码误差(9) 特性曲线(10) 通信终端text 4i. 将下列短语译为英文。output matrix lag compensation modemamplitude modulation control systems with dissipation information system for process controlwaveform factor industrial automation computer aided analysis sampling control pattern recognition asynchronous transmissionii. 将下列短语翻译为中文。直接模拟存储技术峰形系数输出误差多变量控制系统需求规格说明现代控制理论人机协调复合控制分散随机控制动态误差系数相位调制固有频率以下是大学体验英语综合教程2(第三版)课后翻译答案unit11. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote)answer:anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship)answer:a form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester.3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of)answer:on the advice of my doctor, i decided to give up smoking.4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in)answer:the park is located right in the center of town.5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities)answer:the university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for)answer:they spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success.2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。(revolutionize)answer:the successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases.3. 由于这个国家的经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of)answer:the company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country.4. 大学毕业后他成为了一名护士。他认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding)answer:he became a nurse after college. he thought nursing could be a very rewarding career.5. 他像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as)answer:he signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it.unit21. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。(fill out)answer:the policemen are busy fi lling out forms about the accident.2. 我想在还车之前把油箱加满。(fill up, fuel tank)answer:i want to fi ll up the fuel tank before returning the car.3. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。(follow the procedure)answer:if you want to make a complaint, youd better follow the correct procedure.4. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。(without)answer:we couldnt have fi nished the experiment so soon without johns help.5. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期发现小船的踪迹。(scan for)answer:after the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.1. 这个国家不大，但是在国际事务中它却发挥着重要作用。(play a role)answer:this country is not big, but it plays an important role in international affairs.2. 正是在我叔叔的帮助下，我得以克服困难，按时完成了任务。(it is . that)answer:it was with the help of my uncle that i overcame the difficulty and completed the assignment in time.3. 毕业时他决定留在北京，而他最好的朋友却选择了去西藏。(while)answer:while he decided to stay in beijing upon graduation, his best friend chose to go to tibet.4. 在这次校园英语演讲比赛中，我们班的玛丽获得了第三名。(come in)answer:in this campus english speaking contest, mary from our class came in third.5. 你应该知道学习弹钢琴需要有时间，有金钱，还要有毅力。(as well as)answer:you should know that it takes time, money as well as perseverance to learn to play the piano.unit31. 我发现量入为出地过日子越来越难了。(increasingly)answer:i find it increasingly difficult to live within my income.2. 现代政治家们都试图以电视讲话来影响普通百姓。(reach out)answer:modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their tv speeches.3. 应该帮助学生对人生采取积极的态度。(adopt)answer:pupils should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life.4. 希望全班同学参加这些讨论。(participate in)answer:everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions.5. 如果你犯了罪就必须受到惩罚。(crime)answer:if you commit a crime you must expect to be punished.1.儿子的死让老妇人变得麻木痴呆了。(numb)answer:the old woman was numbed by her sons death.2.身处所有这些烦恼之中，他依然能保持乐观。(in the midst)answer:in the midst of all troubles, he managed to remain cheerful.3. 虽有困难，他们还是设法坚持试验下去。(carry on)answer:they managed to carry on their experiments in spite of the difficulties.4.我们必须淘汰不合格的申请人。(weed out)answer:we have to weed out unqualified applicants.5. 医生要他减少抽烟。(cut down on)answer:the doctor told him to cut down on smoking.unit41.她在公共汽车站一直等到末班车进站。(come in)answer:she waited at the bus stop until the last bus came in.2.如果我们能帮得上忙，尽管和我们联系。(contact)answer:if there is any way we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.3 .他需要多少船务人员才能使他的游艇航行？(crew, yacht)answer:how many crew does he need to sail his yacht?4 .虽然她的新书没有上一本好，但是我还是喜欢它。(not quite as)answer:i enjoyed her new book though its not quite as good as her last one.5 .我从未遇到过如此善良的人。(never before)answer:never before have i met such a kind person.1.公共汽车放慢速度并停下，让那位乘客上车。(slow down)answer:the bus slowed down and stopped to allow the passenger to get on board.2.许多车子都驶过去了，可是没有一辆愿意让我们搭便车。(roll by)answer:many vehicles rolled by, but no one offered us a ride.3 .请勿践踏草地。(get off)answer:please get off the grass.4.他按妻子的吩咐，一下班就去了市场。(make ones way)answer:he made his way to the marketplace right after work, as his wife had asked him to do.5 .值得庆幸的是，史蒂夫 (steve) 从自行车上摔下来时没有摔断骨头。(luckily)answer:luckily, steve didnt break any bones when he fell off his bike.unit51. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的角度来对待这件事。(from a professional standpoint)answer:we have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint.2. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。(lose oneself in)answer:the play was so wonderful that i soon lost myself in the excitement of it.3 .她没有什么爱好除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。(unless)answer:she hasnt got any hobbies unless you call watching tv a hobby.4. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。(first-hand)answer:he said that he had got the information first-hand from the mayor himself.5 .既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。(since)answer:since you cant answer the question, perhaps wed better ask someone else.1. 由于公共汽车司机突然刹车，旅客们都不由自主地向前摔倒。(brake, pitch forward)answer:all the passengers pitched forward because the bus driver braked sharply.2. 这个协议将冲破对自由贸易设置的障碍。(break through, obstacle)answer:this agreement will break through the obstacles to free trade.3 .我刚放下叫出租车的电话，车就来了。(soon after)answer:the taxi arrived soon after i rang for it.4. 在过去，不管我什么时候到家，我父母总会等我。(no matter)answer:my parents always waited up for me no matter what time i got home.5 .由于没有一方愿意让步，两个公司之间的对话完全破裂了。(break down)answer:talks between the two companies completely broke down, because neither of them wanted to give in.unit61. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。(have a shot)answer:its a difficult job, but id like to have a shot.2. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。(as opposed to)answer:this is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.3. 社会活动从未耽误她的学习。(in the way)answer:social activities never get in the way of her studies.4. 直到1911年人们才发现第一种维生素。(it is not until . that)answer:it was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.5. 尽管年事已高，爷爷每天还帮忙做家务。(despite)answer:despite advanced years, grandpa helps do housework every day.1. 我们的婚姻很幸福，但我们也曾经历过许多坎坷。(ups and downs)answer:our marriage is happy but weve had many ups and downs.2. 许多外语教师常常在课堂上自顾自地讲得太多。(be inclined to)answer:many teachers of foreign languages are inclined to talk too much themselves in class.3. 那位著名演员每天早晨锻炼一小时以保持健康。(work out)answer:the famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.4. 与他促膝长谈之后，她的怀疑消失了。(melt away)answer:after a long heart-to-heart talk with him, her suspicion melted away.5. 目前我们没有职位空缺，但我们肯定会记住您的申请。(keep in mind)answer:we have no vacancies now, but well certainly keep your application in mind.unit71. 他并不后悔说过的话，只是觉得他完全可以不用这种方式表达。(could have d