毕业设计（论文）-浅析李斯特《匈牙利狂想曲第十五号》风格特征及其演奏处理.doc

淮南师范学院2015届本科毕业论文浅析李斯特匈牙利狂想曲第十五号风格特征及其演奏处理学生：罗军军（指导老师：丁亮）(淮南师范学院音乐与舞蹈学院)摘要：19世纪的音乐通常被称作浪漫主义，这时期的钢琴音乐发展到了巅峰。兴起，繁荣和衰退是音乐上浪漫主义的三个过程。其中，钢琴作为不可忽略的重要因素得到普遍使用。钢琴被称为了“器乐之王”，同时也出现了一大批才华横溢的音乐家，李斯特，贝多芬，舒曼，门德尔松，李斯特等将起推向了巅峰。本文主要通过李斯特匈牙利狂想曲第十五号作品的分析，浅析李斯特匈牙利狂想曲风格特征以及演奏处理的探究。关键字：李斯特；匈牙利狂想曲；风格特征；演奏处理；shallow of liszt hungarian rhapsody no. 15 style characteristics and performancestudent: luo junjun (guide teacher: ding liang)（huainan normal university school of music and dance）abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly works by liszt hungarian rhapsody no. 15 analysis of shallow of liszt hungarian rhapsody style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt.；hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the kingabstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. key words: liszt. hungarian rhapsody; style characteristic; play the processing; abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. abstract: the music of the 19th century, often called the romantic, the period of the development of piano music. the rise of prosperity and decline is the romantic music three process. among them, the piano as the widely use of the important factors that cannot be ignored. piano is referred to as the king of instrumental music, also appeared a large number of talented musicians, liszt, beethoven, schumann, mendelssohn, liszt, etc will be up to the top. this paper mainly through the analysis of the hungarian rhapsodies of franz liszt, try to talk about liszt style characteristics, and play the processing to explore. 前言 李斯特是整个浪漫主义音乐时期较为重要的作曲家、钢琴教育家和演奏家之一，他的钢琴创作极大地体现了整个浪漫主义音乐时期的社会思潮，而这样是李斯特成功的一个重要因素。叹息虽然只是一首音乐会练习曲，但是它有着非常重要的艺术研究价值，因为它不但为世人展示了华丽的钢琴演奏技术，更是让人们切身体验到了钢琴艺术之美。而浪漫主义音乐在十九世纪产生，它是维也纳古典乐派之后出现的一个新流派。艺上浪漫主义的兴起，出现在十八世纪的文学中，它将作曲家的内心世界完全的表露出来，更加的富于想象力，很多浪漫主义音乐收到其文学作品影响，因而很多有着标题音乐的成分其实，在当时有些浪漫主义作曲家也是被迫成为“自由艺术家”，由于战争的爆发，很多音乐家们失去了他们的工作，他们不得不为了生计而到处奔波，并在市场上推销他们的作品，他们的作品主要是为了中产阶级而创作的，并且越来越多的人开始欣赏他们的音乐。浪漫主义时期的艺术家，他们的共同点是普遍对本国民族音乐文化有着强烈的兴趣。浪漫主义音乐强调的是对主观的情感。同时，浪漫主义时期的钢琴音乐，不仅延续了古典主义时期的很多传统，更多表达了自己的个人情感抒情性。它的创作思想和技巧对西方各个时期的音乐产生了巨大的影响。浪漫主义钢琴音乐是浪漫主义音乐的重要组成部分，它的萌芽、发展到走向顶峰当时社会发展的必然结果。李斯特被誉为“钢琴诗人”，是钢琴音乐中最有影响力的人物之一，他所具有的独特的创造性和音乐感知力为后来钢琴音乐的发展注入了勃勃生机。他的音乐以他特有的高贵的个性和民族精神打动了一代又一代人。李斯特的钢琴音乐中，弹性节奏的运用以及表现，使他的音乐充满了内在情趣的重要方面。如果想要更完美地诠释李斯特的音乐就要理解李斯特。李斯特的音乐不是为别人而作，而是真正地为自己而作，为自己心中澎湃的热情而作。因此，在钢琴音乐备受推崇的浪漫主义时代，他的音乐只在朋友之间的沙龙中演出，因为他不愿为那些只将音乐作为生活中的装饰品来满足其虚荣心的人而演奏。也正是因为李斯特对音乐的热情使得李斯特的音乐如美酒一般散发着迷人的芳香，受到一代又一代人推崇。一、李斯特简介弗朗茨李斯特（franz liszt），著名的作曲家、钢琴家、指挥家，1811年生于匈牙利肖普朗的雷丁，他有着超乎常人的音乐天赋，甚至被认为是“音乐神童”莫扎特的转世。李斯特七岁就开始学习弹奏钢琴，八岁就可以尝试进行作曲了，1812年李斯特公开举行了人生当中第一场音乐演奏会。毫无疑问，李斯特是世界上最伟大的钢琴演奏家之一，极富表现力的表情、浪漫潇洒的动作、戏剧性的表演手法使得李斯特的钢琴演奏独具魅力。他对钢琴演奏技巧的发展更是做出了后人难易超越的贡献，这些钢琴技巧的出现直接影响了拉威尔、德彪西等音乐家的钢琴演奏。完美的触键以及对速度、力度的把握，使得李斯特的钢琴演奏具有魔术般得音响效果。从十四岁创作出第一部音乐作品唐桑丘开始，李斯特一生共创作了七百多首音乐作品，其中所涉及到的题材更是包括了钢琴曲、钢琴改编曲、管弦乐作品、钢琴和管弦乐队作品等等，是一位杰出的多产音乐家。代表作有12首高级技巧练习曲、6首帕格尼尼练习曲和19首匈牙利狂想曲等。2、 李斯特匈牙利狂想曲第十五号简介匈牙利狂想曲（匈牙利语：magyar rapszdik）是一组由弗兰兹李斯特所写的钢琴曲目。全组19首曲目都是以当时匈牙利民歌音调为主题，并于1846-1853 、 1882以及1885期间所编写。其中第2、5、6、9、12及14首其后由奥地利音乐家法兰兹达普勒（franz doppler）改编以交响乐方式来演奏。钢琴曲匈牙利狂想曲19首是和李斯特的名字分不开的，正如圆舞曲和施特劳斯、交响曲与贝多芬的名字分不开一样。它的钢琴曲已列入世界古典钢琴曲的文献宝库。李斯特所创作的十九首钢琴曲匈牙利狂想曲，在他的钢琴作品中占有特殊重要的地位。这些作品不但充分发挥了钢琴的音乐表现力，而且，为狂想曲这个音乐体裁创作树立了杰出的音乐典范。这些作品都是以匈牙利和匈牙利吉普赛人的民歌和民间舞曲为基础，进行艺术加工和发展而成的，因而都具有鲜明的民族色彩。这些乐曲结构精炼、乐思丰富活跃，音乐语言与音乐表现方法同匈牙利乡村舞蹈音乐和城市说唱音乐有密切联系，乐曲的形式虽然不时的变化，可是音乐形象始终鲜明而质朴，体现了自然美和艺术美的完美统一。匈牙利狂想曲15号 ，又名拉科齐进行曲，约写于1840 年代。拉科齐是1700年代匈牙利的一位王子，因其领导反抗外族压迫的起义而成为了匈牙利的民族英雄。他的一位小提琴宫廷乐师写了这首曲子献给了他，后来流传甚广，被误认为匈牙利民歌，成为了匈牙利人民勇敢坚强、不屈不挠的爱国主义精神的象征。李斯特用他那高超的钢琴技巧，将这一主题发展成了狂想曲。与前几首不同，这里没有几种速度的多段对比，除开头有着强大推进力量的引奏外，基本上保持着较快的进行曲速度。结尾时达到高潮，表现出所向无敌的英雄气概。三、从李斯特匈牙利狂想曲第十五号中音乐风格特征（一）分析匈牙利狂想曲第十五号平静流淌的、沉思的旋律,亲切温馨的情绪,充满了梦中朦朦胧胧的甜蜜欢快,把黄昏和夜的寂静以及由它产生出来的一切美好的东西统统都表现得淋漓尽致,这就是李斯特的匈牙利狂想曲第十五号。这首匈牙利狂想曲是李斯特发行的钢琴曲之一。年轻的李斯特欣赏林费尔德作品的风格，温柔和透明的触键,精湛的技艺,所以可以感受到深受林费尔德的影响。乐曲分为3段结构,给人以美感,充满戏剧性。中间八度段落,如火成形的欲望,极具诱惑力。这首钢琴曲比人们熟悉的降e大调钢琴曲内容更加深刻,但由于各种原因,它就这样被人们忽视了。这首钢琴曲在保持了曲优共典雅风格的基础上，又在形式、转调、和声、旋体等方面进行了大胆的创新.使钢琴曲更加丰富和富于变化。形式上作品仍延续了费尔德钢琴曲的三段体结构.但规模上得到了大大的拓展.结构变得比较庞大.形式也较自由.不像以前一样规矩和方正;中部对比不大.仅仅是利用旋体的宜复继续陈述乐思.左手的伴央织体适中保持不变.只是在和声上有变化:在和声上，受浪漫派音乐的影响，李斯特的和声也是最求个性、感情的解放，重视喜爱大胆，突然的转调，甚至使用大量的尖锐的变音，和声语言非常富于明暗色彩的变化。（二）从匈牙利狂想曲的三段曲式谈浪漫主义风格第一段，八度的弱奏如同小提琴加上弱音器似的宁静，而随后力度加强之对比像似体贴、安慰，这里有动情的叙述，内心的吐露，有典雅激动，也有热情豪放，人们说此曲的魅力就在于八度奏出的旋律之甜美。第二段，右手先奏了三个旋律音之后，加人了左手的伴奏，虽然是弱拍起始，但此曲特别强调了旋律的重要性，曲调亲切优美，婉转动人，乐曲开始不久就用了比较多的装饰音，细腻的刻画了乐曲的情，似乎也描写了景。第三段，再现了第一段甜蜜之情景。曲式结构图示：减缩再现单三部曲式。 这首匈牙利狂想曲第十五号是李斯特最具代表性的钢琴曲。其旋律非常优美，情绪极为丰富。此曲并不只是单纯地继承了传统钢琴曲的表现风格，而是使钢琴曲的形式趋向自由，内容也多样化了，变得更加热情更加完美。其曲式结构也采用了钢琴曲典型的三段体。仅从曲式结构的角度来看，并无多少特别之处。三个部分的关系一目了然，十分清楚，不过作曲家在作品中对钢琴曲风格的追求和探索却有着十分深远的意义。a部分由两个乐句构成，属于典型的乐段结构。后乐句是在前乐句的基础上稍微有点扩充的非对称性乐段结构。两个乐句间为平行关系。第一乐句（a）由两个乐节构成（4+4），第二个乐句（a）则是以裁截和变化重复的手法进行了扩充（4+6）。该乐段在单一的匈牙利狂想曲第十五号中陈述。第一乐句（a）以属七和弦作为半终止。第二乐句（a）则以属七到主和弦作为终止结束，形成收拢性乐段。作为主题的初次呈示部分，其主题动机贯穿全曲始终（左手以分解和弦为支柱）。作为故事倾诉的背景音乐，以助奏的方式完整重复歌曲旋律。也具有全曲的特色所在。在a部分中，整体力度弱，由很弱的力度进入，再由弱收，而速度也相对平和，充分展示了夜的寂静。b部分由a部分中的主题材料变化展开而成。乐段开始由八度音奏出a部分同主音大调降d大调的旋律，这是非常甜蜜的旋律，此曲之所以能使人迷醉，也全在这一部分。作为展开性的中间段落，该段落主要由五个乐句构成，调性主要以降d大调为支撑，但中间也伴有偶然离调，但马上又回到降d大调上。b乐句延续a部分基本节奏型，左手还是以八分分解和旋为主，右手变为八度叠奏，给人清晰明朗感。接着是b部分的原样重复，让人再次保留加深对b乐句的印象及音乐形象。在b乐句节奏型基本保留的基础上稍作改动，便成了与b乐句有明显层次感的b乐句，让优美延续，同时也让观众产生期待感。为b部分的高潮c乐句作铺垫。c乐句主要运用了重复模进裁截等音乐发展手法，陈述方式类似于合头换尾，但有一些自由的因素伴随着连句式的发展。该部分经历了多次力度的起伏，并最终在连接部分出现之前全以极弱的力度结束b部分。连接部起承前启后的作用，继承b部分结束的节奏型及右手音型并加以变化重复。力度也由“pp”变为“ppp”。在进入a部分再现前4小节时有个突强的音程延续接入再现部a，有经过激烈的思想斗争之后再次进入宁静的寓意 。在12小节连接之后，a部分的主题旋律在伴奏音型中率先奏出，而且在主题材料中作了完整的呈示，只不过调性又由降d大调回国到匈牙利狂想曲第十五号。在保留a部分旋律线条的同时大胆挖掘新的内容及诠释深层含义。再现部分a虽然保留了第一部分a部分中的节奏音型，但陈述方式却与原来的乐段结构大行径庭，除了局部相同之外，整体情绪较a部分活泼点，主要体现在力度和右手音型上。音域较之前有起伏，力度也变强。更为主要的是，前4小节基本上还是a部分的再现。但之后并没有接着再现第二乐句（a），而是先裁截了第一乐句的后四小节，之后又出现近六小节旋律模进式的快速音型，和声也相应变更，形成紧张的气氛。最后极强的过渡到尾声。再现部分采用了结构明显减缩，是对整首曲子整体上的高度压缩，从而使音乐的发展更为紧凑。从再现部分结束的主和弦开始叠入了该作品的尾声，材料来自于该作品的主题动机片段，主要运用音程快速下行的音乐表现手法，力度由极强逐渐到“ppp”，最后以一个带延长记号