商务英语综合教程第4册Unit2.ppt

Unit Two Unit Two Intensive Reading Balances and Imbalances of Power Para 1 vThe only check on forming a league of defense. The only limitation to the abuse of political power has in every case come from the existence of an opposing power which is equally strong or an alliance of several countries which forms a group of defense. v consist in have sth. as its chief or only element or feature 在于，存在于 e.g.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。 The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. Education does not simply consist in learning a lot of facts. vTechnically 专门地，技术上地，工艺地 The word “technical” is derived from the word “technique”; while a seemingly alike word “technological” is derived from the word “technology”. “Technical” means having special skill or practical knowledge especially in a mechanical or scientific field or used in or peculiar to a specific field or profession. e.g. a technical adviser 技术顾问 technical terminology 专门词汇，技术术语 However, “technological” means relating to or involving technology, especially scientific technology or affected by or resulting from scientific and industrial progress. e.g. technological innovation scientific and technological challenges vSee 1).(here means) to know through firsthand experience 了解，明白 e.g. He saw some service in the French and Indian War. 2). Another meaning of “see” is to give rise to or be characterized by e.g. The 1990s saw the best economic performance in the United States in three decades. “See”, when used in the second meaning, is a synonym to “witness”. e.g. The last decade has witnessed a significant growth in the use of information technology and information systems. Para 3 v Stability in Europe would-be hegemon. Great Britain is willing to give full support to the lesser state or coalition when the balance of power was at risk, resulting from the appearance of a potential hegemon, which contributed to stability in Europe. vThe word “associate” has a number of parts of speech. It is used as a vt in the text. It can also be used as in vi, or a n. or an adj. 1). When used as vi, it, similar to the word “join”, means to join in a form a league. e.g. If his health permits, he will in many important business ventures. As vi, it also means to spend time socially 与某人交往或打交道 e.g. She often with her coworkers on weekends. 2). Used as n., “associate” may mean a person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business. Used in this context, it is a synonym to partner or colleague. 同事，伙伴 e.g. He never hangs out with his s in the evening. 3). “Associate”, as an adj., means “joined with another or others and having equal or nearly equal status or having partial status or privileges.” （与某职业或组织）联合的，联盟的，合伙的 e.g. David is an editor of Nature magazine. (副主编，助理编辑) an judge 陪审法官 the producer of a film 联合制片人 Para 4 vthere is nothing to prevent suits its purpose. nothing is able to stop the stronger from being hostile to its allies as long as that satisfies its own purpose. vAnd although Hitler and Mussolini with balance-of-power reasoning. Despite the fact that Hitler and Mussolini shared something in common in terms of fascist designs for their societies, the alliance of Italy with Germany went against balance-of-power reasoning. vOdds Note that the word “odds” is used in a few idioms. 1). Against all the odds 尽管有极大的困难 2). Be at odds 争执，不相称，不和谐 3). By all odds 肯定地，无疑地，远远超过 4). Give odds 给予对方以有利的条件，预测，猜测 5). It makes no odds. 不要紧。 6). Lay odds 给予对方以有利的条件，预测，猜测 7). Odds and ends 剩余物，零碎物件 8). Odds on 胜算，胜利的成分，有一半以上的胜算的 9). Over the odds 超过预期的 10). The odds are against 形势对不利，可能性不大 11). The odds are in someones favor. 形势对某人有利。 12). What are the odds? 那有什么要紧？ vMost The word “most” is often used with many adjectives and adverbs to form the superlative degree. However, in the text, it means very. e.g. He takes efforts to build a most exciting website. Para 5 vContemporary Contemporary, contemporaneous, simultaneous, synchronous, concurrent, coincident, concomitant are all synonyms, meaning “existing or occurring at the same time”. 1). Contemporary is used more often of persons, contemporaneous of events and facts.当代的，同时代的，同时期的 e.g. The composer Salieri was contemporary with Mozart. A rise in interest rate is often comtemporaneous with an increase in inflation. 2). “Simultaneous” more narrowly specifies occurrence of events at the same time. 同时的，同时发生的 e.g. The activists organized demonstrations in many major cities. 3). “Synchronous” refers to correspondence(一致) of events in time over a short period.同步的 e.g. The dancer executed a series of synchronous movements. 4). “Concurrent” implies parallelism in character or length of time. 并发的 e.g. The mass murderer was given three life sentences. 那个屠杀群众的凶 手被同时判处并执行三个无期徒刑。 5). “Coincident” applies to events occurring at the same time without implying a relationship. 同时发生的，巧遇 e.g. The resistance to the Popes authority is pretty nearly coincident with the rise of the Ottomans. (John Henry Newman) 6). “Concomitant” refers to coincidence in time of events so clearly related that one seems attendant on the other. 相伴的，共存的，附 随的 e.g. He is an adherent of Freuds theories and had a concomitant belief in the efficacy of psychoanalysis. Also note that when “contemporary” is used in reference to something in the past, its meaning is not always clear. “Contemporary critics of Shakespeare” may mean critics in his time or critics in our time. When the context does not make the meaning clear, misunderstanding can be avoided by using phrases such as “critics in Shakespeares time” or “modern critics”. vThus, some caution that erode U.S. freedom of action. For this reason, some people warn the United States that it should exercise its power in accordance with the law and with restrictions so that it will not incite prospective competitors like China, Russia or even France and Germany, to forming a counter-balancing alliance that will destroy U.S. freedom of action. vLest It typically takes the subjunctive mood. e.g. Do this now, lest you run out of time later. He brought the horses home, lest they be frightened by the storm. vAccording to others by a balance-of- power logic. As far as others supporters of “offensive realism” is concerned, the United States may also submit itself without resistance to the development of new rivals like China, which is bound to occur in a system ruled by a balance-of- power reasoning. Para 6 vIn other words, if states balance a few rogue states. To put it in another way, if states reach a balance against detected and recognized potential challengers instead of some notion of power without real intentions, then U.S. hegemony does not (or need not) prove itself dangerous with exception of some states which are no longer obedient and controllable. Para 7 vDe-emphasize 前缀de来自拉丁语，意为“away from”,所以这个前缀的意义 之一就是“离开”，“出”，它构成的词有一定的规律性，常表 “离开”这一深层概念，而且常与介词from等搭配，如： deport 驱逐出境 deduce 推断 derail 脱轨 Delete his name from the list of members. The train will depart from platform 2. 另外，前缀de还表示“除去”、“取消”以及“否定”、“非”、“相反” 的意思，如： decamp撤营 decode解码 deforest 砍伐森林 decolonize 非殖民化 devaluation 贬值 de-ice 除冰 Para 8 v a dominant great power the shrine of collective security. actually a controlling strong power acts in its own, but, feeling uneasy with the idea and still praying for the holy goal of collective security. P46 Dictation vGlobalization is not only having a massive impact on Europes economic performance, but is also changing our social landscape. Yet in responding to these changes, reforms are being implemented slowly, if at all. In a continent in which nearly one in ten people are out of work, it is our duty to ask how the European Union can help them. Advancing such a perspective is difficult in Europe partly because too often the focus has been on means rather than ends. To deliver social justice and fair and decent standard of living, the means the existing variegated pattern of welfare states and social structures across Europe are almost certainly going to have to change. This does not mean and should not necessitate a race to the bottom. But it does mean Europes economies must adapt to the conditions of today as well as pr