英语冠词和名词.ppt

ArticleArticle 冠词冠词 冠冠 词词 虚词，本身无独立的意义，虚词，本身无独立的意义， 它用来帮助说明名词所指的人它用来帮助说明名词所指的人 或物或物, ,是泛指还是特指是泛指还是特指 不定冠词不定冠词a, ana, an 定冠词定冠词 thethe （泛指）泛指） （特指）特指） 1.1.不定冠词不定冠词 a/ana/an的用法的用法 1)1)表示某人表示某人( (事物事物) )的某一种类的某一种类 * * My father isMy father is a a driver.driver. * Do you like* Do you like anan apple orapple or a a pear?pear? 2) 2) 表示某一事物中的任何一个表示某一事物中的任何一个 * *An An elephant is bigger thanelephant is bigger than a a horse.horse. * *A A monkey can climb trees.monkey can climb trees. 3)3)表示某人某物表示某人某物, ,但不具体说明何人何物但不具体说明何人何物 。 * *A A studentstudent from Class Two runs from Class Two runs fastest.fastest. *I know a Liu *I know a Liu xiangxiang, but not the , but not the sportsman who won the game.sportsman who won the game. 4)4)表示数量，表示数量， 有有“一一” ” 的含义的含义 * *There isThere is a flowera flower in the vase.in the vase. * *A panda hasA panda has a moutha mouth , , a nosea nose， two eyes.two eyes. 5)5)有些不可数名词要表示有些不可数名词要表示“一种一种”、“一场一场”、 “一堆一堆”时，时， 须加不定冠词须加不定冠词 * *a a heavy snowheavy snow * *a a coffee / beercoffee / beer * *makemake a a firefire * *havehave a a good timegood time 6)6)用于固定词组用于固定词组 * * halfhalf anan hourhour * *a a moment agomoment ago a a lot oflot of * *havehave a a rest rest * *a a little / a fewlittle / a few * *a a pair ofpair of 2.2.定冠词定冠词 the the 的用法的用法 1)1)指上文提到过的人或物指上文提到过的人或物, ,用定冠词用定冠词thethe 2)2)世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词thethe * *thethe sun sun * *thethe moonmoon * *thethe earthearth3)3)定冠词定冠词thethe用于序数词前或表示方位的名词用于序数词前或表示方位的名词 前和形容词最高级前前和形容词最高级前 * *thethe firstfirst * *thethe best best * *inin thethe southsouth 4)4)乐器名称前用定冠词乐器名称前用定冠词thethe * play* play thethe piano * playpiano * play thethe violinviolin5) 5)在复数姓氏前加在复数姓氏前加thethe，表示表示一家人，常看一家人，常看 成复数成复数 1* *The BrownsThe Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.summer. The Brown familyThe Brown family 6)6)在一些形容词前，表示一类人在一些形容词前，表示一类人 * *the richthe rich 富人富人 * *the oldthe old 老人老人 7)7)在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词thethe thethe Great WallGreat Wall * *byby thethe wayway* *inin thethe morning morning * *on on thethe right right 3.3.不用冠词不用冠词 1)1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年、学科等词前在节日、星期、月份、季节、年、学科等词前 不用冠词不用冠词 *in summer *in August *in summer *in August *on Sunday *study physics *on Sunday *study physics 请区别：请区别：inin thethe spring of 1945spring of 1945 ( (特指特指, ,加加thethe ) ) 2)2)一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词 *have breakfast *play football*have breakfast *play football3) 3)名词前已有名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any,eachthis, that, my, your, some, any,each作 作 定语定语, ,不用冠词不用冠词 * * They met here They met here thisthis morning. morning. * * EachEach boy has a workbook. boy has a workbook. 4)4)一些专有名词、不可数名词、称呼、头衔一些专有名词、不可数名词、称呼、头衔 不用冠词不用冠词 China meatChina meat Mr.LiMr.Li Dr.Liu Dr.Liu5 5）表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词）表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词 * * go to bed * by bus * at night * in timego to bed * by bus * at night * in time * in red * Japanese *(spoken) English* in red * Japanese *(spoken) English 6 6）固定词组固定词组 4.4.在有些词组中在有些词组中, ,有冠词和无冠词意思不有冠词和无冠词意思不 同同 in front ofin front of in the front of in the front of *There is a tree*There is a tree in front ofin front of the housethe house. . 房子前面有一棵树房子前面有一棵树 * * The teachers desk isThe teachers desk is in the front in the front ofof the classroom.the classroom. 讲台在教室的前部讲台在教室的前部 在在前面前面 在在范围内的正前部范围内的正前部 in hospitalin hospital in the hospitalin the hospital *Hes ill*Hes ill in hospitalin hospital. . 他生病他生病住院住院。 * *My parents workMy parents work in the hospital in the hospital. . 我的我的父母在医院工作。父母在医院工作。 ( (生病生病) )住院住院 在医院里在医院里 NounsNouns名词名词 的定义：定义： 表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象 概念的词概念的词 分为专有名词和普通名词分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词专有名词 表示个别的人、事物、地点等专表示个别的人、事物、地点等专 有的名称。专有名词有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大第一个字母要大 写写 * * L Lucy ucy * * C Chinahina * the * the S Summer ummer P Palacealace 普通名词普通名词 分为分为可数名词可数名词和和不可数名词不可数名词 可数名词可数名词 表示人、事物、地点等的名称。表示人、事物、地点等的名称。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分 名词的单数名词的单数形式形式 一般可用一般可用 a a 来修饰来修饰 * * a a car car * *a a bookbook 在在元音元音发音发音开头的单词前用开头的单词前用 anan * * anan mp3mp3 * * an an umbrellaumbrella 名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.复数形式的构成方法复数形式的构成方法 (1) (1) 一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加 (2) (2) 以以s s、x x、chch、shsh结尾的名词加结尾的名词加 (3)(3)以以f f、fefe 结尾的名词结尾的名词, , (4)(4)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词, , (5)(5)以以o o结尾的名词加结尾的名词加 “ s s ”/s/or/z”/s/or/z / / “ “es”es”/ /iziz/ / 变变y y为为i i加加“eses” ” / /iziz/ / 请区别：如果是请区别：如果是元音字母元音字母加加y y 结尾的名词则只须加结尾的名词则只须加“s s” 变变f f、fefe 为为v v再加再加“eses” /” /vzvz/ / “s s” /z/ /z/ 只有只有 potato tomato hero potato tomato hero 加加“eses”构成复数构成复数 2.2.特殊变化的单词特殊变化的单词 (1)(1)单复数同形单复数同形 ChineseChinese ChineseChinese fishfish fishfish JapaneseJapanese JapaneseJapanese sheepsheepsheepsheep (2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母oooo为为eeee t toooothth f foooot t t teeeeththf feeeet t (3).(3).变变manman为为 mme en n mma an n mme en n womwoma an n policempolicema an n FrenchmFrenchma an n womwome en n policempoliceme en n FrenchmFrenchme en n GermanGerman( (德国人德国人) ) GermanGermans s (4).(4).一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 1)1)将中心词变为复数将中心词变为复数 girlfriendgirlfriend grandchildgrandchild girlgirlfriendsfriends grandgrandchildrenchildren 2)2) man,woman man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词构成的合成词，每个名词 都要变成复数都要变成复数 a man doctora man doctor a woman teachera woman teacher mme en n doctordoctors s womwome en teachern teachers s (5).(5).常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes policepeople clothes police trousers glassestrousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 * * My clothesMy clothes areare newer than yoursnewer than yours. . * The police often* The police often comecome here.here. 不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词 如如: water: water，ricerice，fishfish，meat meat 等。等。 特别记住特别记住houseworkhousework work chalk time space musicwork chalk time space music money weather cotton homework money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine wood information news medicine 不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数 名词所有格名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“ “ 的的” 一一. .名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法 1.1.单数名词后加单数名词后加 s s *Tom*Tom s s bookbook * *my friendmy friend s s uncleuncle 2.2.以以s s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词, , 则在则在s s后加后加 即可即可 *Teacher*Teachers s Day *two week Day *two weeks s holiday holiday3.3.不以不以s s结尾的复数名词的所有格结尾的复数名词的所有格, ,仍按惯例加仍按惯例加 s s * Children* Children s s DayDay * men* men s s shoesshoes 4.4.用用ofof加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表 示无生命名词的所有关系示无生命名词的所有关系 the colorthe color of of thethe wallwall *a picture*a picture ofof thethe classroomclassroom 二二. .名词所有格的几个注意点名词所有格的几个注意点 1.1.可用名词所有格表示地点可用名词所有格表示地点, , 地点名词习惯上省略地点名词习惯上省略 * * mymy auntsaunts ( ( home home） ( (我姑姑家）我姑姑家） * * go to thego to the teachersteachers ( ( office office） ( (去老师办公室）去老师办公室） 2.2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式有些名词的所有格可用两种形式 *the cats name / the name of the cat*the cats name / the name of the cat *Chinas capital/*Chinas capital/the capital of Chinathe capital of China 3.3.表示两人共同拥有表示两人共同拥有, ,在最后一个名词后加在最后一个名词后加 s s 请区别请区别: : Lucy and LilyLucy and Lilys s room room Lucy Lucys s and Lilyand Lilys s roomsrooms 不规则变化 child-children woman-women deer sheep man-men mouse mouse - micemice flowerflowers 考考你 ！ watches factory- leaf - leaves boxes factories radio photo 考考你 zoo pianos s s s Not only these 考考你 tomatoes potatoes hero zero( (e) )s es 指点迷津 1. Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me. 2. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed. 3. The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000. 4. The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming here. 5. Neither he nor I _( is, am ) an American. is am is is is 指点迷津 6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy. 7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; women teachers). 8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000. 9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in summer. 10. One of the students _(have, has) gone to Shanghai. is is women teachers people h has 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2. There are three in my family. (2004长春） A.people B. person C. child 3. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 4.Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of 5. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass C A A D D 6. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A.Germans B.Germen C. Germany D. Germanies 7. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep; foxs 8.They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters 9._are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used 10.John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes D B A C A 根据所给单词的正确形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _. (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Please give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve in a year. (month) 8. Would you like some ? (tomato) 9. Look at those in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The are singing. (woman) 11. Jim has some . (knife) 12. How much are these ? (vegetable) ideas foo