高考复习之介词.ppt

高考英语复习系列之四 介词 介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句 子成分，需与动词、形容词、名词和代 词等搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介 词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词 之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容 词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语 中介词+名词、代词或可以替代名词的 词（如：动名词v-ing）。介词后的代 词永远为宾格形式。 （一）表示时间的介词 1.表示时间段的介词 （1）in , after in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间 after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间 ，如： Hell come back _ two days. He left on July 2 and returned _ three days. He will be back _ ten oclock. He returned _ midnight. （2）in , during 表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during The work was done in / during the holidays. 表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 , in June , in winter in after after after （3）for the past + 时间段, 表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词 常用现在完成时 I have been in Shanghai for the past few years. （4）for 表示延续一段时间 Ill study in the U.S for two years. Ive waited for Bingo for half an hour. 2.表示某一时间的介词 （1）at, on at 表示某一时刻，on 表示具体某一天或某一天的上 午,下午或晚上. at 7:14, on Saturday morning, on the night of May 2 一天内各段时间表达, 须选用正确的介词，请比较： in the morning / afternoon / evening, on the night of March 7th, on a winter / snowy / cold / morning, on Friday evening, at night / noon （2）before, by before 表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止 ，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。 如: You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前床。 By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”. （3）after , since after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，通常和一 般过去时连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始 延续到现在的一段时间, 与现在完成时连用，如 ； My father lived in Shanghai after liberation . Since the end of last year the lady has been to Beijing five times. 3.不用介词表示时间的词或词组 : 含this, that, last, next 等表示 时间的名词词组,以及某些时间 的副词或名词词组前不用介词, 如： this year，last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。 （二）表示事物位置的介词 （1）at, in 当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at。 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如： Well meet at the supermarket .我们在超市见 面 I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard. 因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里 （2）in, to in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表 示事物相对区域范围之外另一事物的位置 ，如： Shanghai is in the east of China. Japan lies to the east of China. in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内， in the front of 表示在前部，在同一范围 内。 The teacher lectures _ the classroom. in the front of （3）after, behind after 指顺序先后, behind 指位置在某事物 之后，相对于in front of 而言, 如： He entered the classroom_ the teacher He hid himself_the door。 他躲在门后 after behind 。 （4）on , in on 表示“在某物表面上”。如将物看作空间，表示在其内 部，用介词in。 on over under above below There is a modern painting on the wall . 墙上有一副现代油画。（指挂在墙上） There is a modern painting in the wall . 墙上有一副现代油画。（指画在墙上） 5）above , over, below , under over , under 表示垂直的上下关系，而above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。 On On On Over Under Above Below between, among between 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表 示“三者以上的事物之间”。 （三）表示运动方向的介词 （1）into, inside , in 从外到内 ， 如： He went quickly into / inside the room. He came in and sat at the table. （2）out of 从里到外，相当于outside, 或从里向外 She went out of /outside the office in a hurry 她匆匆 走出办公室。 （3）on 在表面，onto 到上 A boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。 He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树。 （4）across 穿过一平面，through 穿过 一空间 The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass. 这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。 The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶穿过隧道。 （四）常用介词用法比较 （1）as , like as 表示“作为”强调身份，like (介词)表示“像” As a teacher, he cares for these children. Like a teacher, he cares for these children. （2）with , in with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” , “ 用 作工具” in 表示”衣着” ，用某语言，也用in A man _dark glasses wanted to buy drinks. A man black wanted to buy drinks. The boy is learning to write pencil / a pencil. He retold the text English. with in in with in （3）for , to forfor表示表示“ “为了为了.” .” to to 表示动作对象表示动作对象, “, “对对, , 向向” ”， 如: He would do anything his motherland. Did you mention this my father? 你对我父亲提起过这件事吗? for for 表示表示“ “就某情况而说就某情况而说 ” ”, to , to 表示表示“ “对某对对某对 象而言象而言”如： Its quite warm today_February. 就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。 What he told you just now was not new _ me。 他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜。 for to for to （4）except , besides except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与 but 同义， besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分” We all failed him. 我们都失败了， 但他没有。 He speaks German French 除 法语外， 他还会讲德语。 except besides （6）介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用 法： to ones surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on ones way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green ， put on, look for, look after, run after(追求，追逐）, send for（派人去 请/取）, enter for（报名参加竞赛）, pay for, showaround, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for 一、单句填空 1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽) 2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. (2008北京) into by 3. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. (福建) 4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建) by with 5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (辽宁) 6. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _a stepping-stone to future success. (宁夏) to as 7. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东) 8. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. ( 陕西) at beyond 9. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ the weather. (浙江) 10.-When did you last hear _ Jay? -He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. ( 湖南) for on from 11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. (北京) 12. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. (福建) for against 13. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西) 14. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西) of for on 15. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全国) 16. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全 国) for besides 17. How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! (2009福建卷 ) Its a challenge, I guess, _ man against nature. 18. Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems_ themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. (2009湖南卷) of by to 19. A great person is always putting others interests _ his own. (2009 四川卷) 20. Everybody was touched_ words after they heard her moving story. (2009全国I) above beyond 21. The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _ little foreign ownership. (2009北京卷) 22. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach. (2009山东卷) with within 23. He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve. (2009陕 西卷) 24. Try on this red skirt; you will look great_ it. (2009重庆卷) 25. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are _ everyones enjoyment. (2010北京卷) on in for 26. I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges. (2010辽宁卷) 27. My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. (2010天津卷) on against 28. The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money_ me. (2010重庆卷) 29. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree. (2010四川卷) 30. Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. (2010上海卷) with against along 介词是语法填空的一个必考点, 请做以下 近年广东高考语法填空题中与介词相关的 题吧。 1. I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _his own either. 介词与广东高考 因on ones own (=alone)是固定搭配, 所 以填on。 on 2. His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _a happy heart. 名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语,也不 作动词的宾语, 就应是作介词的宾语, 空 格处应填介词; 由句意可知, 是指这个年 轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家, 表示“带着” 用with。 with 3. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _sale. 固定搭配on sale, 表示“出售”。 on 4. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper. 名词(table)在句中不作主语, 也不作动词 的宾语, 很可能就是作介词的宾语; 由 having supper可知, 填at; 因为at table表 示“在餐桌边, 在进餐”, 也是习惯搭配。 at 5. Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. 指“在这些成语的背后”或“在这些成语里 ”常常会有一些有趣的故事, 表示“在 的背后”, 用介词behind, 表示“在里”, 用In。 Behind/In 6. He was very tired _doing this for a whole day. 因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事 之后”, 表示“在之后”, 用介词after;另 外be tired from doing表示“因做某事而 累”，所以也可填from。 after/from 7.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house. 意思是“把我当作客人”来接待, 表示“ 当作, 作为”, 用介词as。 as 8. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her. 表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”是 reward sb. for sth.。 for 9. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better- known city. 表示“搭乘某种交通工具”是by, 如 by car/ road/plane/ air/ water/ ship. by 10. But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,