英语四级快速阅读解题技巧解析.pptVIP

5. 解决Y / N / NG Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet I Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage Yes/No/Not Given 判断标准和原则 A. Yes 选择标准和原则： 1）题干与原文一样（很少见） 2）题干命题是原文出处一致：同义转换 句型结构推论 原文的主语范围包括了题干的主语范围。 简单的数字运算原则 双重否定得肯定 概括总结 句型结构推论： A is better than BB is not the best one 如：原文：The mothers warning is a better predictor than any advice from the father in these tasks. 题干：The fathers advice is not the best in these tasks. eg: 原文的主语范围包括了题干的主语范围。原文为题干的充 分条件。一定是主语比较。 原文：All the students and staff are automatically members of this center. 题干：The girl students can become the members of the center. 简单的数字运算原则。原文只出了几组数据和数据之间的 逻辑关系，而题干则是在这种逻辑关系下几组数据通过运 算得出新的结论。 原文：As many as 20%of all children in the United States suffer from dyslexia(诵读困难)。 题干：One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia. 双重否定得肯定。 原文：Only 14 percent fathers are highly participant in terms of time spent on family work. 题干：The vast majority of fathers do not take part of any great extent in family. 注意：否定词注意：否定词: : no; not; never; none; nothing; hardly; seldom; rarely; barely; scarcely; few; little 否定前后缀否定前后缀: : dis; un; im; in; il; ir; less 概括总结。题干对原文的抽象总结 原文：Yet both police officers and the public define “rapid response” as responding up to 10-12 minutes after calling the police for help. 题干：The public and the police generally agree on the amount of time normally taken for a rapid response. B. No选择标准和原则： 1) 题干的表达与原文直接相反； 原文：Theres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. 题干：The energy crisis in America discussed here mainly refers to a shortage of fossil fuels. 原文：You can join the association for as little as one month and for up to one year at a time. 题干：Membership must be renewed monthly. 2) 2) 排他类情况；原文列举的是多种情形，即几种情况都对，但题干排他类情况；原文列举的是多种情形，即几种情况都对，但题干 则只说一种情况是对的。通常这类题干种含有则只说一种情况是对的。通常这类题干种含有must, onlymust, only等排他性等排他性 的词汇，这样就直接否定了原文中其他正确的情形。如的词汇，这样就直接否定了原文中其他正确的情形。如 原文：原文： AX, B X, C X. AX, B X, C X. 题干：题干：only A X.only A X. 3) 部分代替整体。部分必要条件代替整体。 A+BX 题干：A X 题干命题缺少原文的必要条件，尤其是当原文中包含由如 unless, provided, while, if, when 引导的状语。或由 without, with, but, for, except引导的介宾结构，或由动名词 作原因伴随状语，而题干中不存在这些条件。 原文：The Internet has often been a hazardous tool if it is in the hands of young computer users. 题干：The Internet has often been dangerous. 原文：Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom. 题干：Frogs and toads are usually poisonous. C. Not Given选择标准和原则 1) 在阅读文章中根本没有提及题干所讨论的内容 2) 题干作为整条信息在原文中没有提及 3) 题干将文章所涉及的事物更加具体化，而文章根本没有指 明或确定，从而无从考证 原文：The Japanese government decided to send some officials to business schools in the US to receive the best business education in the world. 题干：Two hundred officials were to be sent to US to study business by the Japanese government. 4) 在阅读文章中提及若干事物，但是没有做出比较，题干当中对 这些事物进行了比较，从而无从考证 5)在阅读文章中人为的目标，目的，愿望，誓言等的内容，在题 干中成了现实。 目标：aim, object, objective, goal, 目的：purpose, motive, intention 愿望：hope, wish, desire, dream 誓言：swear, pledge, vow, promise 原文：His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport. 题干：Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics. 几个Not Given 题： 原文：Many teachers find their jobs very rewarding. 题干：The majority of teachers get satisfaction from their work. 原文：The tourists come mainly from Europe. 题干：The tourists come mainly from the UK. Exercises Many lecturers find their jobs very rewarding. A. Many lecturers are well paid. B. All lecturers get something positive from their work. C. The majority of lecturers get satisfaction from their work. NG （具体化 ） N（直接相反 ） NG （具体化 ） 2. Computers are gaining in popularity, despite their cost. A. Computers are getting cheaper. B. Computers are expensive C. Computers used to be more popular than they are now. NG （具体化 ） NG （具体化） N（直接相反） 3. As a result of increasing wealth, an ever larger number of families now have two cars. A. Most families nowadays have two cars. B. People are getting richer. C. Cars are becoming more expensive. keys: NG （具体化）, Y（概括总结）, NG（没提及） 4. Educational standards in schools have, in general, been gradually improving. A. Schools have been getting better. B. The education in schools has not been improving. C. Educational standards are not as unsatisfactory as they used to be. Keys: Y（概括总结）, N（直接相反）, NG（没比较 ） 5. In families, the traditional roles of men and women are often reversed if the man becomes unemployed. A. Unemployment can affect the way that families operate. B. In families where the woman has a job, men and women usually have traditional roles. C. Unemployment does not affect the role of a man in the family. Y（概括总结）, NG（没提及）, N（直接相反） 6. Although the hazards (danger) of boxing have been well publicized, the government has yet to （尚未） introduce a ban (forbid) on the sport. A. The government does not want to ban boxing. B. The hazards of boxing are not very well- known. C. A ban on boxing has not been introduced yet. NG（态度具体化）, N（直接相反）, Y（概括总结 ） 7. There is much money to be made from the sale of umbrellas on rainy days, as there is from cold drinks when the temperature rises. A. Cold drinks sell well when it gets warmer. B. When it rains, older people buy umbrellas. C. The author is a shopkeeper. Y（概括总结）, NG（没提及）, NG（没提 及） 8. While it is acknowledged for many years that an increasing number of animals are bound to become extinct, it is only recently that the problem has been addressed by politicians. A. Recently people have been writing to our politicians about animals becoming extinct. B. We have known for a long time that more species of animals will disappear. C. Politicians have been fighting animal extinction for many years. NG（没提及）, Y（概括总结）, N（直接相反 ） 9. Most people would be amazed if they realized how many different types of insect life exist in their very own garden. A. The majority of gardeners are not surprised at the range of insect life in their garden. B. It is impossible to count the different types of insect life in a garden. C. There are more types of insect life in the average garden than most people think. N（直接相反）, NG（没提及）, Y（概括总结 ） 正式考试中正式考试中NG NG 绝不会出现在第一题，有且只有一个，只在后绝不会出现在第一题，有且只有一个，只在后 三题出现三题出现. . 所以，如果到第六小题做完还没有出现所以，如果到第六小题做完还没有出现NGNG，那么，那么 第七小题就不用再考虑了。第七小题就不用再考虑了。 6. 完成句子 完成句子8-10题也同样通过以上方法在文章中定位。可将原文 信息与题干信息进行比较，多余的部分就是答案。题目中要求 所填部分往往是宾语或者补语部分，以名词类信息为主。但有 时候对原文的意思会做出如下转换： 同义转换 词义相同，词性转换 eg: 动副同义替换 speed up-quickly 同义、文字与数的替换 注意：由于题目中要求所填部分往往是宾语或者补语部分，以名词 类信息为主，所以填写的时候要注意词形的变化。 （Test 1 P69, 9）（Test 1 P72 2010.6） 7. 从出题的角度再总结答题技巧 1) 文章体裁：通常是信息类说明文 (一般说明文的写作结构都是如 此：计划 成形 功能 问题) 2) 快速阅读理解题的10个题目根据侧重点大体可归于两类： 主旨 题和细节题。 a. 主旨题命题规律： 主旨题是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容 ， 是贯穿全文的核心。这类问题常被列为快速阅读10道题的第 一题或最后一题。 答题技巧： 如果文章没有小标题， 而第一题又是主旨题的话 ， 建议考生先做细节题， 因为在做其他九道细节题的过程中， 你会对文章的主题思想有个大概的了解， 这样在最后做主旨题 时， 即可节省时间， 又可提高准确度。 常用标志词： mainly about; mainly discuss; give a general description of, main idea, subject, purpose, best title; digest (文摘、 摘要) 常见提问方式： (1) The passage gives a general description of. (2) The main idea (subject) of this passage is. (3) This passage is mainly (primarily) concerned with. (4) The main theme of this passa