英语语法-非谓语.ppt

类 型 年份 题量 不定式 -ing 过去分词 1997 21（12题 ） 1（13题） 1998 21（25题 ） 1（17题） 1999 32（14、 21题） 1（25题 ） 2000 21（19题 ） 1（22题） 2001 21 (35题)1 (23题) 近五年非谓语动词在高考 中的复现率 一、形式 主 动动 被 动动 一般式 进进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 不定式 动动名词词、 现现在分词词 过过去分词词 二、功能 主 宾宾 表 定 状 补补 不定式 动动名词词 分 词词 to doto be doing to have done to be doneto have been done doinghaving done being donehaving been done done 现在分词与动名词的基本 形式你知道吗？ 那么简单，谁不知道。是由动 词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此 又叫动词的 -ing 形式。 V+-ing 千万要注意V-ing 形式的 规则: 不能单独作谓语 ，没有人称和数 的变化，可以有 自己的宾语和状 语。还有时态和 语态的变化。 三、功能比较 （一）不定式、动名词做主语的区别： 1、动名词充当的主语一般表示抽象的、一般的、经常性的行为。 不定式表特定、具体的行为，特别是表将来的或一次性的行为 。 2、在某些结构中，做主语的动名词和不定式是特定的，一般不能 随意替换： 1）在句子主语和表语同时使用非限定动词时，两者必须一致， 不能交叉使用。 eg. Seeing is believing.To learn is to use. 2)在含有no这一否定词的句子里，一般用动名词作主语，但含 not的句子则用不定式作主语。 eg. It is no good drinking so much. It is not easy to find a job. 3)“疑问词+不定式“作主语时，不定式不能用动名词替换。 eg. What to do next hasnt been decided. （二）不定式、动名词作宾语的区别： 1、动名词表示一般的、经常性的行为，不定式表示特定的、具 体的行为。 eg. I like swimming ,but I dont like to swim today. 2、一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语，（except, but除外） eg. He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. I hate the kind of person who does nothing but look on. 3、及物动词后一般可用动名词或不定式作宾语，但 1)advise,consider(考虑),enjoy,escape,excuse,delay,deny,dislike,finish, keep,include,miss,mind,practise,stand(忍受),suggest(建议),risk, imagine,admit,cant help + doing 2)agree,dare,decide,hope,determine,elect,choose,expect,fail,long, manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish + to do 4、有些及物动词可接动名词和不定式，但意义不同。 remember forget regret stop go on try mean need want require （三）非谓语动词作表语的区别： 对句子主语表述的特点 时间概念相当词性 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 eg. Our plan is to finish the work at once. Her job was looking after the pigs. His report is interesting. The The cups are broken. 说明其具体内容 说明其具体内容 表示其性质、特征， 与主语有主谓关系 表示其所处的状态， 与主语有动宾关系 多表将来 无时间性， 可与主语换位 表当时 表当时或过去 名 词 名 词 形容词 形容词 （四）非谓语动词作定语的区别： 和中心词的 位置关系 和中心词的 逻辑关系 时间 概念 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 总是位于其后 多位于其前 或前或后 或前或后 多有动宾关系 （vi. + 介词） 表示其性能、用途 多有主谓关系 vt. 有动宾关系 多表将来 无时间性 表进行中 多表完成 不定式 eg.a meeting to be held tomorrow a meeting being held now a meeting held yesterday a sleeping cara sleeping boy a room to live ina broken cup （五）分词、不定式作补语的区别： 与被补述词的逻辑关系 时间概念 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 有主谓关系 有主谓关系 有动宾关系 表已完成；一次性动作 正在进行；延续性动词 已完成，多表状态 注：、keep后只能用分词作宾补，不能用不定式 eg. Im sorry Ive kept you waiting. 2、接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有： see,watch,notice,observe,look at,hear,listen to, feel,have, let make （六）不定式和分词作状语的区别： 不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果、程度及形容词后状语。 分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、或伴随方式。 eg. To get there on time I got up very early. Guided by the Party, he found the right way. Being very small, computers are widely used. You are brave enough to raise objections at meeting. 非谓语动词对比练习 Dec. 5, 2001 1. He wants _ (clean) the house. 2. The house wants _ (clean). 3. He needs _ (repair) his bike. 4. His bike needs _ (repair). 5. He advised _ (make) an experiment. 6. He advised us _ (make) an experiment. 7. They are considering _ (travel) all over the country. 8. They are considering how _ (travel) all over the country. to clean cleaning to repair repairing making to make traveling to travel 9. Try _ (knock) at the back door if no one hears you at the front door. 10. He tried _ ( escape) but failed. 11. She couldnt help me _ (work) out the problem. 12. She couldnt help _ (laugh) on hearing the good news. 13. I meant _ (help) you, but I couldnt. 14. To do such a thing means _ (waste) time. 15. I remember _ (see) him somewhere before. 16. Please remember _ (close) the door when you leave. knocking to escape to work laughing to help wasting seeing to close 17. I regret _ (miss) the good chance. 18. I regret _ (say) that Im too busy to help you. 19. The teacher made me _ (answer) the question at once. 20. I was made _ (answer) the question at once. 21. He suggested _ (go) for a picnic. 22. He suggested that we _ (go) for a picnic. 23. Would you like _ (swim) with me? 24. I like _ (swim), but I dont like _ (swim) today. 25. He prefers _ (watch) TV to _ (see) films. missing to say answer to answer going go to swim swimmingto swim watchingseeing 26.He prefers _ (watch) TV than _ (see) films. 27.When class began, they all stopped _ (talk). 28.When they met in the street, they stopped _ (talk) for a while. 29. After the rain, we went on _ (work) in the field. 30. After he had learned English, he went on _ (learn) German. 31. He used to _ (get) up early when he was in the army. 32. He is used to _ (work) with the radio on. 33. Computers are used _ (teach) English in our school now. to watch see talking to talk working to learn get working to teach 34. Everybody was _ (surprise) at the _ (surprise) news. 35. There was a _ (frighten) look on his face when he heard the _ (frighten) noise. 36. What you said was _ (please) to us. 37. We are much _ (please) with what you have said. 38. China is a _ (develop) country while the U.S.A. is a _ (develop) one. 39. We swept the _ (fall) leaves in spite of the _ (fall) rain. 40. _ (see) from the top of the mountain, Wuzhou looks more beautiful. surprised surprising frightened frightening pleasing pleased developing developed fallen falling Seen 41. _ (see) the policeman coming, the thief ran away quickly. 42. He is very lazy and he often has his clothes _ (wash). 43. He is so lazy that he often has his mother _ (wash) his clothes. 44. The teacher had me _ (take ) the rubbish away. 45. The father had his son _ (stand) as a punishment. 46. The children themselves had to make a house _ (live) in.This made me _ (feel) very sad. Seeing washed wash take standing to livefeel 47. The boy is always _ (worry) his moth