动词的各种时态.docVIP

英语中的各种时态及用法动词的分类过去分词 现在分词分词动名词不定式非谓语动词虚拟语气时态、语态谓语动词动词 语态时态主动被动一般现在时v. /v.sam /is /are + Vp.p一般过去时vedwas / were + Vp.p一般将来时will + v.will be + Vp.p过去将来时would + v.would be + Vp.p过去完成时had + Vp.phad been + Vp.p现在完成时have /has + Vp.phave /has been + Vp.p将来完成时will have + Vp.pwill have been + Vp.p现在进行时am /is / are + Vingam /is /are + being + Vp.p过去进行时was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p一、时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态;主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题.二、最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 现在进行now, 现在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作(常用于宾语从句中)三、考点揭密1 一般现在时：(归纳)1）表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。2）动词写原形或第三人称单数形式，即主语为第三人称单数时，动词一般要加-s/es,与名词复数规则构成类似。3） 如果动词为行为动词，构成问句、否定句需加助动词/do/does。4） 一般现在时的时间标志词有：often,always,sometimes,usually,every day,on Sundays等。5） 另外表示主语具有的性格、能力、特征，表客观事实和普遍真理，表现在发生的具体动作等也用一般现在时；6） 在时间和条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。7） 状态感觉动词如：be,love,want,hope,understand等只用一般现在时，不用进行时。 一般现在时的用法与练习：1） 经常性或习惯性的动作 I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A .will play B. have played C. played D. play -_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen We will see to it that every child in the nation _ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside.A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get （1-3 DDC）2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served-The girl _ weight recently. -Yes , she _ too much.A. has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats（3-4 CD）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.-Put these glasses away before they _. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be brokenIve brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have-Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? -You can when you _ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get （24 CBD）2 一般过去时（归纳）：1） 表示过去经常或偶然发生的动作或存在的状态。2） 一般过去时动词用过去式，过去式的构成一般在原形动词后加-ed。具体有四种方法，即直接加-ed，加-d，改y为i加-ed, 双写辅音字母加-ed。有些动词的过去式是不规则的，要特别记忆，熟练运用，如：gowent,dodid等。3） 过去式除be动词外，没有人称和数的变化。4） 行为动词的过去时，如果改为问句，否定句要加助动词did。动词的过去式改为动词原形。5） 一般过去时的时间状语为表示过去的时间：如：yesterday,last year,two days ago等。6） 在时间条件从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave （1-3 BCB）2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完） -Has Tommy finished his job yet? -I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. didAs she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fellAll morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown-Im sorry , I shouldnt have been so rude to you. -You _ your temper but thats OK. A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing. （25 ABCC）3 一般将来时：1） 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。2） 动词do的一般将来时结构为will+ do,主语为第一人称时可用shall+do，be going to do 结构也可表示将来时，可以和will互换，但有些情况不可互换，带有意愿色彩，常用will;表邀请或命令时，用will;3） 在时间和条件从句中，主句将来时常用will；有迹象表示某事将要发生或打算，计划决定要做某事，一般用be going to do 结构；4） 一般将来时的时间为表示将来的时间：如tomorrow, next week等。 一般将来时的用法和练习1）一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。2）表示将来时的四种形式will /shall +动词原形be going to do be about to do(正要干什么)be to do 各自用法区别： be going to和 willbe going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。l -The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it.A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about tol -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did （AC）be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain. be to和be going to be to do 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going tobe to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.be about to do 表示“正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词构成句型： be about to do when.I was about to leave when it rained. 3) 特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主语是物：车，船，飞机等The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to )（2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take, run ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Floria. I _my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been (A)4. 现在进行时1) 表某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作。2) 动词构成为：be+现在分词(动词+-ing形式)。现在分词构成通常有三种即：在原形动词后直接加-ing,去“e”加-ing, 双写最后一个辅音字母加-ing，另外以ie结尾的将ie改为y再加-ing，以er结尾的，如果是重读音节r结尾，先双写r再加-ing，如：prefer-preferring,如果不是重读音节则直接加-ing，如：water-watering;3) 现在进行时的标志词有now,look,listen等，大部分根据上下文的情景理解；4) 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作，表示经常反复发生的动作，常与always连用，含有赞扬、厌恶等感情色彩；5) 表示明确安排好的不久要发生的事情等都用现在进行时表示。 现在进行时的用法： 1)表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2)表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she _ just now.A. studied B. is studying C. studies D. will stud Please call again. Jim _ a bath just now. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing ( 2-6 CBCBC)3) 特殊用性： l 现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 Were moving to the new building next week.l 现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 You are always forgetting the important things.You _things about . Look, what a mess in you room!A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. have always been thrownYou _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching (12 CB)l 有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情”等状态存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉： sound(听起来)， look /seem /appear (看起来)， (看起来), smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）,feel (摸起来) ， see , hear , 认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think情感：like, love, hate , prefer, 5. 过去进行时1) 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。2) 动词的构成为：be(was/were)+doing;过去进行时的时间状语常用，at eight yesterday, from 7:00 to 9:00 last night, 有时用when, while连词引导的状语从句表示; 3) 过去进行时可用来叙述过 去经常或反复发生的动作，常与always连用，表示赞扬、厌恶等；4)过去进行时与一般过去时的区别；过去进行时强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作，而一般过去时往往表示一个完成的动作。 过去进行时的用法 1）表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。 -Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C. I havent noticing D. I was nt noticing -Hey ,what did I say? -I _. A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listen2） 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。-Why didnt you join us last night? -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States. A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watching-Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about you . We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are , expect B. were, had expected C. will be , are expecting D. have been , were expecting -You look tired. -Yes. I non stop _ until twelve oclock. A. am working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked（1-6DBBBDB）3）在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked （B）4）特别注意：l 与always连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key. EXERCISES：1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont makeC. wont makeD. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swumC. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn upC. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching6. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking7. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will beD. has been8. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playingB. were to playC. had played D. played9. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go andB. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to10. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. were you putting; put11. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited12. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was deadB. had died C. has been dead D. died13.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 14. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come backC. before I come backD. before Ill come back15.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had leftD. had worked; left16.The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read1-5 DADAC 6-10DADAC 11-15CDBCB 1619B6 现在完成时1）表示过去发生但与现在有联系的动作或状态，强调对现在的影响和结果。2）现在完成时动词的结构为：have/has+done(过去分词)，其中have,has随主语的人称和数而变 化，done的规则变化与动词的过去式同形，即在原形后加-ed，不规则的过去分词必须熟记 ；3） 现在完成时的标志词常有already, yet,ever,never,just, before等；4） 现在完成时还可表示过去开始、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for,since短语连用，句中动词一般为延续性 动词；否定句可用短暂性动词，for加段时间，since后加点时间或一般过去时的句子；5） 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，和现在密切联系；一 般过去时强调动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，不涉及现在的影响；6） be和go的现在完成时区别；have /has been to 表示“去过某地”，已回来；have/has gone to表示“已去某地” ，已离开，没回来。 现在完成时的用法1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)2） 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. wasShelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , workedCollecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years.A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become -How are you today? -Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt Rober _ me his address the other day, but Im afraid I _ it . A. had given, lost B. has given , have lost C. gave, have lost D. gives, lost （2-6BCCDC） 3) 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 表示动作已经完成，强调过去 发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。一般过去时仅仅说明动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。-Where _you_ the key? I _ it yet.A. did,put; didnt findB. did,put;havent foundC.have,put;havent foundD. have,put; didnt find -Oh, its you! I _ you.-Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognizedC. havent recognized D. dont recognize He _ for three hours last night. A. worked B. has worked C. was working D. had worked (12BAA) 7 过去完成时1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态。2）过去完成时的构成为：had + done；过去完成时的时间状语常用by加过去点时间，by the end of 加过去段时间，before加过去点时间表示，有时用when，before，after等引导的时间从句中。过去完成时的用法 1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。请记住：by the end of +过去时间by the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）The film had already begun when I got there.They had left before I returned. We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.)2) 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.3) 用于hardly when ;no sooner than （一.就）等句子中。Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.4) hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found. 我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）5)It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时）； It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时）。 It is the first time that Ive been here. It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.6) 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you . The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come (1-5AABCC)8 过去将来时1)表示过去看来