高考英语知识运用部分指导及策略.ppt

高考英语知识运用部分 指导及策略 主讲人: 高海明 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 一.单项填空题复习指导 二.完形填空复习指导 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 一.单项填空题复习指导 (一) 2005年部分省市及全国试圈单项填空补缺题语言知识考查情况 全国 知 识 点 江西 辽宁 山东 浙江 情景交际 动词复合句名/代/冠特殊句式词语辩析 情态动词 3 5 2 4 5 5 4 6 6 7 5 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 (二) 2006年高考知识考查预测聚焦及知识能力要求 1. 考查情景交际, 重在考查情景对话和英汉语表达能力思维及文化差异. 2.动词的考查; 3.复合句的考查,考查各种复合句的用法; 4.考查代词,名词,冠词的用法; 5.考查特殊句式,如:强调句,倒装句,祈使句, 复合句中的反意疑问句; 6. 考查词语辨析,包括动词(短语),名词,介词及形容词和习语等; 7.考查情态动词. 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 1. 考查情景交际, 重在考查情景对话和英汉语表达能力思维及文化差异. 例1. - Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please? - _ . A. Who are you B. Im Wang C. Speaking. D. Are you John? 2. - Hello, Mr. Smith. This is Larry Jackson. I am afraid I wont be able to arrive on time for the meeting in your office. - _. We ll wait for you. A. Hurry up B. No doubt C. Cheer up D. Thats all right. 知识与策略:1.分析具体情景, 选择符合情景要求用语; 2.使用地道的英语, 用英文的思维考虑内容. 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 2.动词的考查: 动词的时态，语态，动词词组及非谓语动词的考查： 1)动词的时态，语态在具体的语境中的使用 例.The heros story _ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported 2. - Why did you leave that position? - I _ a better position at IBM. A.offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered. 知识与策略:1.认真推敲语言背景,确定事情发生的时间,正确判定时态; 2.分清是主动还是被动. 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 (2)动词词组的考查：包括语义辨析，短语搭配及习 惯用语（经常与时态语态放在一起考查）。 例 Its the present situation in poor areas that_ much higher spending on education and training.(北京，2005) A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for 知识策略：平时积累词组，注意短语间语义的区别。 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 3）非谓语动词的考查：三种非谓语动词及各种变化形式的基本用法 例1 While watching television,_ . A. The doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. We heard the doorbell ring D. We heard the doorbell rings 2. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 知识与对策看分词的逻辑主语与主句的住语的关系； 看主动还是被动； 看动作：是表将来，完成还是伴随； 理清动词后所跟的对象：不定式，动名词，或都可跟 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 1)下列动词后加不定式: decide/determine/learn/want/expect/hope/wish/refuse/manage /care/pretend/offer/promise/choose/plan/agree/ask/beg/help 2)下列动词后加ing: Consider/suggest/advise/excuse/pardon/admit/delay/put off/ Fancy/avoid/miss/keep/keep on/practise/deny/finish/enjoy/ Appreciate/mind/allow/permit/escape/imagine/forbid/risk cant stand/give up/feel like/insist on/put off/be busy (in)/ have difficult/trouble (in) 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 3) 既可加动名词,也可接不定式, 但意义有区别: （）Forget to do sth. 忘记去做 () remember to do : 记住 forget doing 忘记已做过的事 remember doing 后悔做过某事 （）regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事 （）stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 regret doing 后悔做过某事 stop doing 停止 (5) Try to do 努力 try doing sth. 尝试 (6) Mean to do 企图 mean doing 意味 (7) Go on to do 做完某事，接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事(= go on with) 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 Cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 Cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事 带to 短语，区分是不定式，还是介词,如常见的: be used to/look forward to/ lead to / devote to/ stick to / object to / get down to /pay attention to 中均为介词. 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 3，复合句的考查，考查各种复合句的用法。 例 Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that 知识与对策： 理清句意，辨明复句种类。 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 4考查代词，名词，冠词的用法： 例 Weve been looking at houses but heavent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 知识与策略: 基础知识应牢牢掌握，学会区分和比较词的基本意义 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 考查特殊句式，如：强调句，倒装句，祈使句和复合句中的反意疑 问句 例 He never said that he was good at mathematics, _ ? A. was he B.wasnt he C. did he D. didnt he? 知识与策略：复习掌握几种特殊句式 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 考查词语辨析，包括动词，名词，介词，形容词及习语等 例 I am sure David will be able to find the library -he has a pretty good _ of direction. A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense 知识与策略：识别考纲所规定的词汇和短语的最基本的意义 和用法； 注意积累辨别意义相关或相近的词汇和短语 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 考查情态动词 例 This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of suggar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 知识与策略： 了解常见情态动词的语义特征和区别； 根据上下文确定； 情态动词have done 掌握惯用法 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 （三）方法指导： 做单项填空题时，考生可以运用还原法，删减法，直接法，排除法 和比较法 还原法：是指标把句子还原到原始句子如 rather than_ on a crowed bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding He always prefers _ a bicycle rather than _ on a crowed bus. 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 2.删减法，删去干扰内容，化繁为简 The Sinai Peninsula , which was returned to Egypt in 1982, is_. A. as three times large as Israel B. three times large than Israel; C. three times Israels size D. the size of Israels three times. 排除法：有些拿不准的选项，首先将确认的错误选项逐一排除，最后 得出正确的答案 比较法：运用联想记忆，将考点知识内容与老师讲的内容进行比较；找到 相似之处，进行知识迁移，比较而得到答案 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 完形填空 （一）命题特点及考试趋向； （二）解题方法 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 （一）命题特点及考试趋向 区分结构层次和内容的逻辑关系； 2. 文章的层次分明； 3近几年考查内容; 4. 词义辨析的考查； 5单词填空为主 ; 6. 实词为住 7. 难度； 8. 内容； 9. 长度： 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 ）略读全文，掌握大意，注意首句 ）瞻前顾后，谨慎选择； ）复读全文，谨慎检查 （二）解题方法 北京师范大学京师大厦9810室 电话58803986 传真601 One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant,waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I _ 1_ that a man sitting at a table near the window k