英式英语和美式英语词汇的区别.doc

英式英语和美式英语词汇的区别1.正书法:英式英语受法语影响较大前为英式,后为美式.例词均为英式英语形-our/-or: colour, labour, flavour, humour,但表示动作施行者的-or英美同形-re/-er: centre, theatre(美式英语中可表示剧场), metre-nce/-nse: defence, offence-ise, -isation/-ize, -ization: organisation, recognise,但在英国的牛津大学出版社用的是-ize-ae, -oe/-e: encyclopaedia, foetus-lled, -lling, -ller/-led, -ling, -ler: traveller, signalling-l/-ll: instalment, skilful等元音+l+辅音的情况cheque/check:仅在表示”支票”时grey/gray:灰色kerb/curbmould/mold:霉,霉菌pyjamas/pajamasstorey/story:层,楼层sulphur/sulfurtyre/tireyoghurt, yogurt/yogurt2.词汇前为英式,中间为通用(括号中表示多用于某方),后为美式horse riding/-/horseback ridingsweets/-/candyabseil/-/rappeladvert/advertisement/-:广告-/aerial(英)/antenna:天线aeroplane/-/airplaneAlright?, Alright mate?/Hi!/Whats up?alsatian/German shepherd(美)/-:谢泼德犬amber/yellow/-:(交通信号灯上的)黄灯answerphone/answering machine/-:电话留言机anticlockwise/-/counterclockwise:逆时针aubergine/-/eggplant:茄子arse/-/ass:屁股-/autumn/fall:秋天aye(苏格兰)/yeah, yes/-balaclava/-/ski mask:面罩,滑雪面罩banger(俗)/old car/-:老爷车banger/firecracker/-:爆竹banger/sausage/-:英式香肠note, banknote/banknote(美语罕用)/bill:纸币bap/bread roll/-bap(俗)/breasts/-/barbecue/grill:烤肉,露天烤肉bath/bathtub/-:浴缸bedsit/-/single room occupancy:单人房biro/ball point pen/-:圆珠笔bloke/guy/-boiler/-/furnace:供暖锅炉bonnet/-/hood:汽车前盖boot/-/trunkbraces/-/suspenders:(吊带裤的)吊带building society/-/savings and loan associationbum bag/-/fanny pack:腰包bus station, coach station/-/bus terminal:公交总站burgle/-/burglarize:入室盗窃campsite/-/campground:宿营地,露营场camping pitch/-/campsite:支帐篷的地方candy floss/-/cotton candy:棉花糖caravan/-/travel trailer:拖挂式房车railway carriage, carriage, coach/-/railroad car, car:客车(车厢)casualty, accident and emergency, A&E/emergency department/emergency roomcatapult/-/slingshot:(小型)弹弓car park/-/parking lot, parking garagecashpoint, cash machine, hole-in-the-wall/ATM:自动取(存)款机central reservation/-/median strip:中央隔离带canteen/-/cafeterialcinema/-/movie theater, theater:电影院cheers/thanks/-:(语气较轻的)谢谢chemist/pharmacy/drugstore:药店chips/french fries, fries/-:炸薯条,炸土豆条cling film/-/plastic wrap:食品保鲜膜,食品包装膜coach/-/bus:城际观光巴士cooker/-/stove, range:(烹调用的)灶coriander, coriander leaves/-/cilantro:香菜corn/grain/-:谷物,粮食cornflour/-/cornstarch:玉米粉,玉米淀粉corner shop/-/general store:小卖部,小杂货店cot/-/crib(cot表示简易折叠床):婴儿床cotton bud/-/cotton swab:棉签,棉棒courgette/-/zucchini:西葫芦crisps/-/potato chips:薯片,土豆片cul-de-sac/dead end/-:盲路,死胡同CV(curriculum vitae)/-/rsum:简历,履历drawing pin/-/thumbtack:图钉driving licence/-/drivers license:驾驶证,驾驶执照(注意拼写)dressing gown/-/bathrobedual carriageway/-/divided highway:(有中央隔离带的)干线道路dummy/-/pacifier:(婴儿含的)奶嘴duvet, quilt, bedspread/-/comforter:床罩,被罩dustbin, bin/-/wastebasket, trash can:垃圾箱electric fire/electric heater/space heaterengaged/busy/-:(对方)通话中,正在通话entre, starter/first course, appetizer/-:前菜-/main course/entre:主菜council estate, estate/housing project:住宅区,住宅小区industrial estate, estate/industrial park:工业区,工业开发区estate agent/-/realtor:不动产商estate car/-/station wagonex-directory/-/unlisted number:未记入电话号码簿的号码fag(俗)/-/Nicotiana tabacum:烟草fizzy drink/carbonated soft drink/sodaflannel/facecloth/washclothflat/-/apartmentflyover/-/overpass:立交桥,立体交叉点fringe/-/bangsfortnight(14+night)/two weeks/-:两周,两个星期football/-/soccer:足球frying pan(skillet为方言)/frying pan/skillet:平底锅full stop/-/period:句点,终止符garage, petrol station/-/gas station:加油站gobsmacked(俗)/astonished/-goods/freight, cargo/-:货物grass(俗), supergrass(俗)/informant/stool pigeon(俗):密告者grill/-/broil(grill指的是露天烤肉)grotty(俗)/dirty/-greengrocer/-/-:蔬菜店guard/conductor/-:列车长hard shoulder/-/breakdown lane:(硬)路肩hash, hash mark, hash sign/number sign/pound sign:井号,#Have you got?/Do you have?(美)/-headmaster, headmistress/-/principal:校长high street/main street/-:商业街hire purchase, instalment plan/-/installment plan:割赋贩卖hob/-/cooktop, range:灶(的上表面)holiday/holiday(指节日)/vacation:休假,假期旅行How no?(苏格兰)/Why not?/-Hoover(商标)/vacuum cleaner/-:吸尘器indicator/-/blinker, turn signal:转向灯,方向指示灯inverted commas/quotation marks/-:引号-/police car/patrol car:警车jelly/-/jell-O(商标), gelatin dessert:果冻jam/-/jelly:(果冻状的)果酱jumble sale/-/rummage sale:(学校,教会等街区性的)拍卖jumper, pullover/sweater(美)/-:毛衣lass(苏格兰), bird(俗)/girl/chick(俗)laundrette/-/laundromat:(投币式)洗衣店letter box, postbox/-/mailbox:(收信用的)邮箱,信箱lift/-/elevator:(箱式)电梯loch(苏格兰)/lake/-:湖,峡湾loo, bogs(俗), khazi(俗)/toilet/restroom:卫生间,厕所lorry/truck/-:卡车lounge, sitting room/living room/-:起居室mackintosh, mac/raincoat/-:雨衣,雨披mains, mains electricity/-/household power, domestic power, line power, grid power:商用电源mate/-/pal, buddy, budmaths/mathematics/math:数学managing director, MD/chief executive officer, CEO/-:行政总裁,最高管理者Happy Christmas!/Merry Christmas!/-mince, minced meat/-/ground meat:肉酱,肉沫mobile phone/-/cell phone:手机,移动电话motorway/-/freeway, expressway:高速公路motor car/car/automobile:汽车nappy/-/diaper:尿布,尿片newsagent/-/newsdealer:报刊亭,杂货店news reader/-/news anchor, newscaster:新闻播报员,播音员nick(俗)/-/-:警察局;逮捕;盗窃notice board/-/bulletin board:公告栏,布告栏number plate/registration plate/license plate:车牌OAP(old age pensioner)/elderly/senior citizen:高龄者,老人off-licence/-/liquor store:贩酒店Oi!/Hey!/-:(打招呼的)喂!pavement/-/sidewalk:人行道pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing, pelican crossing/-/crosswalk:人行横道,斑马线peg, clothes peg/-/clothes-pin:晾衣夹petrol/-/gas, gasoline:汽油postbox, pillar box/-/mailbox:(寄信时的)邮筒-/pissed(俗)/loaded(俗), wasted(俗):醉了,喝醉了-/pissed off(俗)/pissed(俗)pisshead(俗)/-/takeout:酒豪,千杯不倒的人pissing it down(俗)/pissing down(俗)/-:大雨,下大雨plaster/-/Band-aid(商标):创可帖plaster/orthopedic cast, cast/-:(石膏)绷带P&P(posting and packing)/-/S&H(shipping and handling):(物品的)邮资,邮费to post/to send/to mail:邮寄,投递postcode/-/postalcode(常用), zipcode:邮政编码poste restante/-/general delivery(poste restante仅用于国际邮件):(邮件的)滞留power cut/-/power outage:停电pram/-/baby buggy:(厢型)婴儿车press-up/push-up/-:俯卧撑provisional licence/-/learners permit:临时驾驶执照,练习驾驶执照pudding/dessert/-:(餐后)甜点purse/coin purse/-:(女性用的)零钱钱包,小钱包-/handbag/purse:手袋,手包pushchair, buggy/-/stroller:(椅型)婴儿车pylon/-/transmission tower, mast:输电铁塔queue/-/line:(等待的)队,队列quite/fairly/pretty:相当,很quid(俗)/-/-:(英)镑railway/-/railroad:铁路,铁道rat-arsed(俗)/-/-:烂醉redundancy/layoff/-:解雇rev counter/-/tachometerreverse charge call/-/collect call:对方付费电话the River (Thames)/-/the (Colorado) Riverroundabout/-/rotary, traffic circle:环岛(式交叉点)roundabout/merry-go-round, carousel/-:旋转木马rozzer, copper, filth, pigs(俗)/cop/-:警官rubber/eraser(美)/-:橡皮(擦)rubbish/-/garbage, trashsanitary towel/-/sanitary napkin:卫生巾Sellotape(商标)/cellophane tape/scotch tape:透明胶带serviette/table napkin/-:餐巾set square/-/triangle:三角尺,三角板silencer/-/mufflershop/-/store(shop指小型商店):商店shop assistant/shop worker/salesclerkshopping trolley/-/shopping cartskint(俗)/broke(俗)/-sleet/-/-:霙,介于雨夹雪和冻雨之间的一种天气现象-/-/sleet:冻雨spanner/-/wrench:扳手spring onion/-/scallion:大葱squaddie(俗)/-/G.I.(俗):士兵squash/cordial/-:(加水稀释后饮用的)果汁饮料sultana/-/raisin:葡萄干summat(俗)/something/-swede/-/rutabaga:芜菁takeaway/-/to go:(将刚购买的食品带走的)外卖tannoy(商标)/PA system, loudspeaker/-:扩音装置,PAtap/-/faucet:水龙头tea/dinner, supper/-:晚餐tea(一部分地区), dinner/-/lunch:一天里最为充实的一顿饭(也可能是午餐)tea towel/dish towel/-telephone box/telephon