2016年职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题及答案解析.doc

2016年职称英语考试理工类阅读理解试题及答案解析are you just not ill or excellent in health?as we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. the line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels ok but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. this person is not ill. he may not even be at risk for any particular disease. but we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.the field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. both types have simply been called “well.” in recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. people who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their bodys condition. most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. people who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. and by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.1.today medical care is placing more stress ona.keeping people in a healthy physical condition.b.removing peoples bad living habits.c.monitoring patients body functions.d.ensuring peoples psychological well-being.正确答案:b解析:问题问的是：当今的医疗保健更加强调什么?文章开头提到当今医疗保健的焦点已经从治疗疾病转移到预防疾病上，特别是在改变许多不利于健康的行为，如不良的饮食习惯，吸烟和不运动等。因此b正确，即去除不好的生活习惯。2.in the first paragraph, people are reminded thata.drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful.b.regular health checks are essential to keeping fit.c.prevention is more difficult than cure.d.good health is more than not being ill.正确答案:a解析:问题问的是：第一段提醒人们什么?第一段列举了一些人虽然有某种不良的习惯，但是还算健康，但是后面紧接着说他们还可以健康得多(如果没有这些不良的习惯)。由此可见这些不良的习惯还是在某种程度上对这些人的健康有害的。其中就包括喝点酒但是并不醉酒驾车的人。因此a正确，即喝酒，即使不喝多也会对健康有害。bc在文中并没有提到;d是第二段提到的。3.traditionally, a person is considered “well” if hea.does not have any unhealthy living habits.b.does not have any physical handicaps.c.is free from any kind of disease.d.is able to handle his daily routines.正确答案:c解析:问题问的是：传统上认为一个人健康的标准是什么?第二段开头提到传统上并没有将健康细分为“没有病”和“身体非常好并非常关注身体的特殊需要”，就是说，只要没有病就算健康。因此c正确。4.according to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for peoplea.to best satisfy their bodys special needs.b.to strive to maintain the best possible health.c.to meet the strictest standards of bodily health.d.to keep a proper balance between work and leisure.正确答案:b解析:问题问的是：作者认为正真意义上的健康是什么?第二段第五行提到正真的健康的人是指那些积极争取保持或改善身体状况的人。因此b正确。5.according to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthya.people who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.b.people who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.c.people who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations.d.people who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care. 正确答案:c解析:问题问的是：根据作者倡导的理念，下列那组人应被认为是健康的?第二段提到新的理念认为一些患病的或者有残疾的人也可以是健康的，只要他们能够在身体条件限制情况下，努力争取达到最好的健康状况。因此c正确。changes in children increasingabout six years ago i was eating lunch in a restaurant in new york city when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, i couldnt help overhearing parts of their conversation. at one point the woman asked: “so, how have you been?” and the boywho could not have been more than seven or eight years oldreplied. “frankly, ive been feeling a little depressed lately.”this incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. as far as i can remember, my friends and i didnt find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.the evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. children dont seem childlike anymore. children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. childhood as it once was no longer exists, why?human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. movement from one social rote to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.in the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of american homes. it is called television, television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.31.according to the author, feeling depressed isa.a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child.b.something hardly to be expected in a young child.c.an inevitable has of childrens mental development.d.a mental scale present in all humans, including children.正确答案:b解析:问题问的是：哪项是作者对感觉抑郁的正确观点?第二段作者提到在他的记忆中，他和他的朋友在上中学之前从来没有感觉到什么是抑郁。因此b正确，很难想象抑郁发生在小孩身上。32.traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult worlda.through contact with society.b.gradually and under guidance.c.naturally and by biological instinct.d.through exposure to social information.正确答案:b解析:问题问的是：传统上，孩子应该怎样了解成人的世界?第五段结尾提到，传统的方法是要让孩子渐渐的，分阶段的了解成人的世界，后面还举例说，六年级要教给孩子的东西对五年级的孩子都要保密。因此b正确，即要在指导下循序渐进的了解。33.the phenomenon that todays children seem adult like is attributed by the author toa.the widespread influence of television.b.the poor arrangement of teaching content.c.the fast pace of human intellectual development.d.the constantly rising standard of living.正确答案:a解析:问题问的是：作者认为现在的孩子更加成人化的原因是什么?倒数第二段提到了电视打破了传统的教育模式和年龄的界限，这也成为孩子过早接触到成人世界的主要原因。因此a正确，即电视的广泛影响。34.why is the author in favor of communication through print for childrena.it enables children to gain more social information.b.it develops childrens interest in reading and writing.c.it helps children to memorize and practice more.d.it can control what children are to learn.正确答案:d解析:问题问的是：为什么作者更偏好于通过印刷品向孩子传播文化?最后一段第一句提到印刷品可以有效的控制孩子接触社会信息的渠道。因此d正确，即它能够控制孩子学习的内容。35.what does the author think of the change in todays childrena.he feels amused by chair premature behavior.b.he thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.c.he considers it a positive development.d.he seems to be upset about it.正确答案:b解析:问题问的是：作者对如今孩子的变化有何看法?纵观全文不难看出，作者对孩子的这种变化表示了自己的担忧，并认为这是一个值得关注的现象，因此b正确。ac表示乐观显然不符合文意，作者也没有对这一现象感到生气，因此d不正确。motoring technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.to reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.travelling at speed has always been dangerous.one advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.they can ensure you dont miss important road signs or fall asleep.most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.some safety developments aim to improve your vision.radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology“sees through”big vehicles blocking your view.and improvements to seat belts,pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.the colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surprisingly,size and shape.but whatever is in the fuel tank,you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help.accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyonss personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that wont be soon.1.to reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard toa.design fully automatic cars.b.develop faster electric vehicles.c.analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.d.improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.2.according to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due toa.heavy traffic.b.human mistakes.c.engine failure.d.bad weather.3.which of the following safety developments is not mentioned in the passage?a.windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.b.radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.c.devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.d.improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.4.satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used toa.reduce oil consumption.b.remove the obstacles on the road.c.call for help when ones car crashes.d.help drivers get out of a traffic jam.5.which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?a.it will take some time before robotic drivers are available.b.robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.c.robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.d.robotic drivers are too expensive to use.参考答案：d、b、a、c、athe effects of global warming on weatherthere are hidden factors which scientists call feedback mechanisms”。 no one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate.heres one example： plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.at the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade,vegetation (植物) may not keep up.climatologist james hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a yearfaster than trees can naturally migrate.species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.the 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through canada,the ussr and scandinavia could be cut by half.millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires,releasing tons of co2 and further boosting global warming.there are dozens of other possible feedback mechanism”。 higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness,which may actually damp down global warming.others,like the albedoeffect,will do the opposite.the albedoeffect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earths surface.as northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes (戳) through,more heat will be absorbed,adding to the global temperature increase.even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades.delay will simply make the problem worse.the fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are.in developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.material progress has been linked to energy consumption.today 75 percent of all the worlds energy is consumed by a quarter of the worlds population.the average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of co2 yearly to the atmosphere,more than four times the level added by each third world citizen.the us,with just seven per cent of the global population,is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.41.feedback mechanismsin paragraph 1 most probably refer to _.a.how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsb.how plants and animals interact with the changing climatec.how climate changesd.how climate zones shift42.we can learn from the passage that _.a.some