listening经验.doc

详解 LISTENING PART2、3 page56真题2 TEST 1 听力PART 3（2011.05.31）Man: Who are the managers of the best innovation developments in British industry? That was the question which the first Business Today innovation awards set out to answer. This project is all about rewarding good practice and performance.男：谁是英国工业最具备革新发展的领导者？今日第一商业革新奖着手解答这个问题。这个项目都是关于奖励良好的实践和成绩的公司。So, rather than simply recognizing excellence in the design of specific products, or analyzing their financial impact on profits, the awards set out to take an objective look at exactly how companies manage the development process itself.因此，与其简单的认可在设计特殊产品优异成绩，或者分析他们的财政对利益产生的影响，倒不如用这个奖项着手设置一个客观看待公司怎样彻底管理自己开发的程序。Over three hundred and fifty organizations entered the competition and were initially reduced to about forty. Then after further careful checking, a short list of just fourteen of them was arrived at. 超过350个组织参加比赛，初赛淘汰到大约40个。然后经过更加细致的筛选，一个只有14个组织的候选名单产生。These finalists, all manufacturers, were then visited by the competition judges, a panel of four chief executives from leading companies. 然后，一个来自领先公司的CEO组成的评判团访问了这些参加决赛的生产厂商。The panel toured the finalists facilities, received presentations on the companies and their projects, and interviewed the key development team members. 小组参观决赛单位的设施，倾听公司里的演讲和项目，与开发团队的重要成员会谈。The products varied enormously in their scale, function and degree of technology-from bread for a supermarket chain to a printer inside an automatic cash dispenser. 产品在尺寸、功能和技术等级上各不相同，从连锁超市的面包到自动取款机内的打印机。Initially the organizers were concerned that this range could create difficulties in the assessment process. 最初组织担心这个范围会使评估程序产生困难。But this fear proved baseless, as most elements in the innovation process are shared by all manufacturers.但是这种恐惧证明是无根据的，因为革新程序的大多数因素是与所有制造商分享资源。Interestingly, the finalists broke down into two distinct and equal groups: large firms with one thousand employees or more and small firms with two hundred and fifty employee or fewer. 有趣的是，决赛候选人明确的分成了明显不同而又相等的两个团队：多于一千人的大公司和少于两百五十人的小公司。With both groups the judges decided to concentrate on two of the clearest indicators of a successful innovation process, which are: how well the new product is combined with the companys existing business, and secondly, how well the innovation methods are recorded and understood. 对于这两个集团，评判都聚焦于一个成功的创新过程的两个最明显的指导因素：即这个新产品与这个公司现有的业务结合的有多好，以及第二，这个创新方法被记录以及理解的有多好。Small firms naturally tend to do well in the first category since they have fewer layers of management and thus much shorter communication lines. 小公司自然是倾向于擅长第一点，因为他们管理的层次很少而且因此沟通起来比较容易一些。But they seem to put less emphasis on creating formal development methods which would be repeatable in future innovations.但是他们似乎并不重视在将来革新中可重复的正规的开发方式。Large firms, on the other hand, have difficulty integrating the new development within their existing business for reasons of scale. 大公司，在另一个方面，因规模的原因与其他现存公司合并有一些困难。But they tend to succeed in achieving well-documented and repeatable development methods. 但是他们倾向于成功实现良好记录且可重复的开发方法。This is because larger companies, with their clear emphasis on training, fixed management structure and administrative systems, require more formal, daily record-keeping from their staff.这是因为大公司明确着重于培训。固定的管理结构和管理系统，需要员工更正式，的日常持续记录。So what were the key questions the judges had in mind when assessing the finalists? One of the most important areas concerned how thoroughly a company checks what is happening in other fields in order to incorporate new ideas into the development process. Many of the finalists impressed in the area. 因此当评估入围者时什么是裁判心目中的关键问题？重要的方面之一涉及到一个公司怎样彻底的检查其在其他领域上发生了什么以便于在开发过程中结合新的想法。许多决赛者对这方面印象深刻。Natura, for example, had demonstrated genuine energy in searching for new ways of producing their range of speciality breads. 例如Natura,已经在寻找制作他们的特殊系列面包的新方法方面展示了新的能量They had looked at styles of home cooking in different countries, as well as the possibility of exploiting new production technologies in order to achieve equally good results but on a high-volume production line.他们已经看到不同国家在家中烹调的方式，也看到在大规模生产线上，利用新的生产技术，达到一样良好结果的可能性。What then occupied much of the judges thoughts was the quality of the links which the development team established with senior management, suppliers, the market and manufacturing. 然后占据评判很多想法的是开发团队与高层管理者，供应商以及市场之间建立的联系的质量。The best examples of the first category were found in small firms, where the individual entrepreneur at the top was clearly driving the innovation forward.最好的例子是第一种类，发现在小公司，个别高层的企业家已经清晰的推动了革新。Links with suppliers were also seen as an important factor, but not all supplier experiences were positive. 与供应商的联系也被看作重要的因素，但不是所有的供应商的经验是积极的。Occasionally serious problems had to be solved where suppliers were working hard to meet specifications, but the companies that the suppliers were using to adapt their machinery were not so efficient. This led to disappointing faults or fluctuations in quality.偶尔严重的问题必须被解决，供应商正努力工作去满足规范，但是这个供应商所使用的用来调整他们机器的公司并不是很有效率。这导致令人失望的错误或者质量上的波动。But in conclusion the awards demonstrate that innovation isnt just for high-tech internet companies. You can also be successful in mature markets with determination and skill.但是结论是奖励证明革新并不只是高科技网络公司。你也可以在用决心和技能在成熟的市场取得成功真题2 TEST 2 听力PART 3 （2011.06.15）Woman: Hello, Im Jane Bowen with our regular Friday look at the week just finished on the London stock market.女：你好，我是简鲍恩，每周五与大家见面。看一下一周刚刚结束的伦敦股市。The general picture is pretty mixed. Shares in the major banks are trading down, while mining companies have surprised analysts with a small rise. 从整体上看相当混乱。各大银行的股票正在下滑，然而分析师却惊讶于煤矿公司小幅上涨。Overall, its been a week of considerable movement, with the highest level reached at the close two days ago and a sharp fall yesterday. 总体来说，这是有相当大浮动的一周，伴随着两天前达到最高水平和昨天剧烈的下滑。A strong recovery saw most of those losses being made up today, but the closing figure still fell short of Wednesdays. Now heres Charles Wrighton with some company news.今天一个强烈复苏弥补大多数的损失。但是收盘价仍然下滑到低于周三的样子。现在请查尔斯 赖顿介绍公司的新闻。Man: Thanks Jane. And first, clothing retailer, Brownlow. Having finally found a buyer for their loss-making sports footwear subsidiary, Hiform, theyre rejected a take-over bid from a leading French retail chain which has been looking to buy into the British market for some time. 男：谢谢，简。首先是关于服装零售商布朗罗的消息，他们终于发现了个一个买主收购他们的亏损运动鞋分公司，西佛，他们拒绝了一个已经在某段时间企图出售到英国市场的领先法国零售连锁公司出价接手。This activity has moved Brownlows shares up by twenty per cent to ninety-six pence.这个行为已经推动布朗罗的股票增长20%到96便士。Theres a lot of interest in the Lek energy group, which recently bought Westwales Electricity. 很多人对里克能源集团有很大的兴趣，该公司最近购买了西维尔电力To the relief of Westwales managers, Lek havent brought in their own people to run the company. 接替了西维尔士的管理者后，里克还没有引进他们自己的人管理公司。Despite predicted job cuts of something like a third of the engineering staff, no announcement has been made, and indeed, Leks comprehensive training scheme has been opened to all grades of staff in Westwales. Back to you, Jane.尽管在没有通告的情况下，预测会裁掉三分之一的工程技术人员，而事实上，里克对于各级别员工在西维尔士的综合培训项目已经开启，轮到你了，简。Woman: Were had a number of emails from investors asking what to do with their shares in gas and electricity companies after their consistently poor performance recently. 我们从投资者那里收到大量的邮件，询问在最近一直差强人意的成绩之后他们的汽油和电力公司的股票怎么办。Many of you might be thinking of getting rid of yours as quickly as possible. But financial experts are fairly optimistic about the outlook for the power sector, and investors may do better to see what happens over the next few months. 女：你们中许多人也许想尽快抛售手中股票。但是财政专家对能源版块前景相当乐观，投资者可能在下几个月里做得更好。With so many other investors deciding to cut their losses and sell now, interest in this sector may increase, and that , of course, would push share prices up.许多其他投资者决定马上抛售股票以减少其损失，该行业的利益可能增加，当然也将推动股票价格上涨。Pharmaceutical companies have done well today. 制药业的公司今天做得很好。Recently were seen several periods of rapid expansion in this sector, only for it to be overtaken a short time later by the strong financial institutions. 我们发现这个版块最近这几个时期快速扩张，只是因为它在短期之后将被强大的财政机构超越。But I actually think the recent performances of pharmaceuticals companies has hidden a steep drop in the share prices of many other companies.但是实际上我认为制药业公司最近的表现一直掩藏在其他许多公司股票股价大幅下跌之后。 All other sectors have lost considerable amounts, but this simply has not been reflected in the overall value of the market, because pharmaceuticals companies are keeping the value high.所有其他版块已经损失相当大的数量，但这根本没有反应在市场的整体价值，因为制药的公司一直保持高价值。Looking next at the sectors whose troubles have been in the news recently: supermarkets, having suffered a downturn in business for over a year, at last have some reason for optimism.看下一个版块，最近在新闻中存在的问题，超市已经遭受大约一年的商业低迷时期。终于有了一些乐观的理由。 The leisure industry, which has suffered even more than supermarkets, is also showing signs of a turnaround. 休闲产业，已经遭受甚至比超市更严重的损失，也展示好转的信号。The same cannot be said of the building sector, though, which expects little relief for at least another six months. Charles同样的事情虽然没有发生在建筑业版块，不过至少半年之内也不会缓解，查尔斯Man: one company in the news is Freewaves, which owns a chain in internet cafes. Like other new companies, Freewaves has tended to pay low dividends to investors, preferring to re-invest profits in research and development.男：一个关于自由浪潮公司的新闻，它拥有一个连锁的网吧，像其他新成立的公司，自由浪潮倾向于给投资商少部分的分红，宁愿再投资于研究和开发利润。 Although Freewaves was able to turn in a healthy profit in the first quarter, taking everyone by surprise, the company has now declared operating losses close to a million pounds. 虽然自由浪潮能够在第一季度上交丰厚的利润，让大家大吃一惊的是，公司现在宣布营业损失接近100万英镑。This, of course, will make shareholders think about whether to keep their shares.当然这使得股东考虑是否保留他们的股票。And news from Simpsons, the big retail group. For years Simpsons have been acquiring other chains, giving them a strong market position, and they now sell everything from make-up to computers.从大零售集团辛普森得到的新闻，辛普森已经兼并其他连锁很多年，带给他强大的市场地位，而且他们现在从化妆品到电脑，什么都销售。 But today Simpsons Announced that they are to consolidate their three home improvement chains into one, under the Fresca name.但是今天辛普森宣布他们联合三个连锁店合并为一个，用弗兰西克这个名字Woman: Now for the figures女：现在的数字是真题2 TEST 3 听力PART 3 （2011.06.17）Woman: As you know, the main supplier of our components announced suddenly last month that they were closing down shortly, leaving us in a very difficult situation. 女：据你们所知，我们主要的零件供应商上个月突然宣布要立刻关闭。这使我们陷入困境。I shortlisted four potential replacement suppliers, and have visited them all. 我的名单里有四个可替代的潜在供应商，并且我已经拜访他们所有人。Ill report on each, though Ive only found one company that meets our needs entirely. 我将逐一对其进行报告，虽然我只是找到一个完全满足我们需要的公司。Initially, I was optimistic about the first company I saw.最初，我对第一家公司持乐观态度。 I was given an enthusiastic welcome and generous hospitality by the MD, but when he took me on a tour of the factory, I began to have a few doubts about his commercial expertise.公司总经理热情的欢迎我而且慷慨的款待我，但是当他带我参观工厂时，我对商业化专业开始有一些疑惑。 The factory is enormous-a converted aircraft shed, I think, almost too big to be practical. 工厂是巨大的是一个航空基地改建的地方。我认为，有一些过大。There is certainly enough machinery to produce the quantities we need, and that, of course, is vital.这里确实有足够的机器去生产我们需要的零件数量，当然这是至关重要的。However, I had one main concern. The company has recently invested heavily in state-of-the-art production equipment and in a comprehensive training programme for machine operators. 然而，我有一个主要的担心。公司最近投资大笔金额在最新式的生产设备上，而且对操作者有一个综合培训计划。But I was surprised to see that half the factory wasnt in use because several important customers had cancelled orders. 但是我吃惊的看到因为几个重要的客户已经取消了订单，工厂的一半并没有被使用。I was reassured that order are dispatched quickly, and delivery times are impressive, and distribution isnt a problem-but Id need to inspect their products more closely to see if the qualitys what we require.我对订单的及时分配很放心，而且交货时间印象深刻，分销不是问题，但是我需要更仔细检查他们的产品来确定质量是否符合我们的要求。The second company looked promising too, because they are based in the region that produces the natural resources to make our components.第二个公司看起来也很可靠，因为他们所在地区生产制作我公司零件的自然资源。 Everything needed for their activities is available on their doorstep.活动所需要的一切在家门口都可以满足。 They have a good working relationship with the local mine owners, who are known to have good safety records. 他们与当地有具有良好的安全记录的煤矿主有良好的工作关系。During my visit, the company went into great detail about the quality inspections carried our on the material before it leaves the mines.在我访问期间，该公司详细讲述了我们的材料在离开矿场之前进行的质量检验。This company seemed to have no problems with transportuntil I looked more closely. 这个公司看起来没有运输问题直到我观察更仔细。The factory is in a very mountainous region, about six hundred kilometers from the capital city. Passenger flights are fairly frequent, taking under two hours, but the journey by road can take days.工厂在多山的地区，离首都大约600公里。客运航班相当频繁，2小时之内到达。但是陆运要花费很多天。The roads are really inadequate- the whole infrastructure needs massive investment. 公路真的有很多不足之处，整个基础设施需要巨大投资。There is a seaport just over the border with the neighbouring country, which would certainly cut down on distance, but, as far as I can see, it might also bring other problems. We simply cant risk depending on such fragile communications.在邻国的边境上有一个海港，海运确实节省距离，但是就我看来，这也会带来其他问题，我们不能单纯的依靠于如此脆弱而危险的运输。The third company I looked at, on the other hand, is on the coast, with good access to the main seaport. 另一方面，我拜访的第三个公司在海岸，很好的接近主要海港。Transport and shipping of goods are well organised and, in fact, they own a haulage company as one of their subsidiaries. 货物的运输和船运组织很完善，而且，实际上他们拥有一个运输公司作为分公司之一。The production unit is newbuilt and equipped with the help of investment from the Ministry of Industry. 生产装置是新的在工业部的协助下建立及装备。Whats more, company workers are involved in decision-making, and industrial relations are excellent. Perfect so far.而且，工人参与工厂的决策，而且劳资的关系很好，到目前为止很优秀。Unfortunately, though, their finished products are not of the quality we demand. The specifications are right for our components, so no modifications in design would be necessary. 虽然如此，然而遗憾的是，他们完成的产品质量不符合我们的需求。部件的规格是正确的，所以没有必要修改设计。But when I did a quick inspection, I found a higher percentage of faults than wed be prepared to tolerate. If we chose them, wed certainly have to negotiate longer warranties than those theyre offering at present.但是当我做快速检查，我发现了超过我们容忍范围的高损耗率，如果我们选择这个公司，我们就一定要协商比它们目前提供更长的保修期。The final company I visited seems to have everything, though. Its ten years old, well established, located between the capital and a major seaport. 我拜访的最后一个公司看起来各方面都合适，他有十年的历史，建立很完善，坐落于首都和主要港口之间。The company has grown rapidly and has just modernized its factory, thanks to a loan from the World Bank, which has enabled it to install the most up-to-date equipment available on the market. 公司发展很快已经使工厂现代化。感谢世界银行的贷款，能够让他们安装目前市场上(能够得到的)最新的设备。The production unit is now fully automated, and efficiency is the companys great strength.生产线现在完全自动化，高效是公司最大的强项This company has a well-deserved reputation for the quality of its finished goods. Given their high standard, its not surprising that the costs are considerable, and theyre asking higher prices than the other companies I visited. 这个公司产品质量的口碑很好。水平很高，对于其高成本就没有什么可惊讶了。他们要求的价格高于我拜访的其他公司。But Im confident well be able to negotiate on this. The key point in their favour, in my opinion, is their ability to meet deadlines for the duration of a long-term contract.但是我有信心我们还可以协商。我的观点是，青睐他们的关键点在于他们有助于持续一个长期合同期限的最后期限。 Its easy to meet one deadline, of course- the difficult thing is to do it all the time. To sum up, then当然很容易达到的最后期限，但坚持做这些事情是很困难的，然而，总之In ones favor 支持某人，对某人有利真题2 TEST 4 听力PART 3 （2011/07/13）Woman: Well, that was an interesting visit to Sandfords this morning.女：今早对桑福德做了一个有趣的访问 Man: Yes, Id really like to get the contract with them, theyd be an excellent company for our portfolio.男：是的，我真的很希望与他们签合同，他们对我们的投资组合来说是个很优秀的公司Woman: Absolutely. Talking to the department manager was extremely useful. How did you get on in discussion with the senior management team?女：绝对是。与部门经理的交谈确实有用。你是与高层管理团队讨论进展的怎么样？Man: Mm, a similar experience- very informative. I was impressed- theyre operating in a highly competitive market, yet theyre totally committed to investment in training.男：恩，一个类似的经历（非常见闻广博，让我印象深刻）他们在一个高竞争力的市场中运营，然而能够完全致力于对培训的投资Woman: Not all companies take that view, of course, especially when the economy is on a downturn.女：不是所有的公司都能达到这一点，当然，特别是经济下滑时期Man: Quite. Sandfords view is long-term. Instead of being satisfied that theyre already known as a good company to work for, they want their management programmes to create an established, committed team and keep those people in the company.男：确实，桑福德的眼光是长远的，而不是满足于员工为他们这个已经为大众所熟知的优秀公司效力。他们希望他们的管理方案建立一个经久的、忠诚的团队并保留那些在公司的员工。Woman: The staff I spoke to had plenty to say about the training they received in the past.女：跟我谈话的员工可以说出许多有关他们过去接收的培训Man: So did the senior managers. As you probably found out, theyre always tried to run their own in-house programmes before, using the knowledge areas of a number of their own personnel. They were very keen for management training to be attended by all managers- of course, they rarely succeeded in getting everyone together at the same time. Sessions kept getting cancelled and people were generally irritated by the changes to arrangements, though those sessions that did take place were well received, especially ones on the more specialist topics.男：高级管理者也是这样。你可能发现了，以前他们总是运行管理他们自己内部的培训方案，使用自己员工的知识领域。他们非常热衷于所有管理者参加的管理培训当然，他们很少能在同一时间把每个人召集到一起。会议经常被取消 人们通常对改变安排感到恼火，虽然那些确实举办的会议内容接收的很好，特别是那些专业的课题Woman: Yes, the middle managers I interviewed commented that theyd like training to cover more specialist areas. To be honest, though, I think theyre involved in such a lot of training of new and existing junior staff that they dont fully appreciate the ben