adj比较级最高级.docx

分类：中考综合指导1.比较级和最高级的构成1）加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。单音节形容词和副词以不发音的-e结尾的HighhigherhighestsafesafersafestHardharderhardestlatelaterlatestsmall-smaller-smallest large-larger-largestnew-newer-newest nice-nicer-nicest辅音字母要双写的情况以辅音加-y结尾的情况BigbiggerbiggestdrydrierdriestHothotterhottestmerrymerriermerriestThinthinnerthinnest easyeasiereasiest1. 写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice _2. fat _3. slow _4. dry _5. happy _6. wet _7. thin _ 8. far _9. early _ 10. careful_15. exciting _ 16. busy _2. 根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1. Mr. Smith is_man in this office. (rich)2. Winter is_season of the years. (cold)3. This radio is not so_as that one. (cheap)4. It is much_today than yesterday. (hot)5. She is a little_than her classmates. (careful)6._people came to the meeting than last time. (many)7. Which book is_, this one or that one? (easy)8. My room is_than yours. (small)9. Hainan is _ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)10. Skating is_than swimming. (exciting)11. Jim is_than all the others. (honest)12. The higher you climb, the_it will be. (cold)13.There are_boys than girls in our class. (few)2)加more, most构成比较级和最高级多音节的形容词由形容词加-ly构成的副词Expensivemore expensivemost expensiveslowlymore slowlymost slowlyCarefullymore carefullymost carefullyhighlymore highlymost highly以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive, -ing等结尾的双元音形容词Uselessmore uselessmost uselessSeriousmore seriousmost serious分词形容词tired,pleased及glad,often,real, right,wrong等单音节形容词。Tiredmore tiredmost tiredGladmore gladmost glad小练习：写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _brightly_ -_ far_ _quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_1. Whichis_(big), thesun, themoonortheearth?2. Whichis_(beautiful), theblackcoatortheblueone?3. Thismooncakeis_(cheap)ofall.4. Heis_(strong)intheclass.5. Englishis_(widely) spokenintheworld.6, Now his life is becoming _and_. (difficult)7. Things are getting _ and _. (bad)3）下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法cruel crueler cruelestmore cruel most crueloften oftener oftenestmore often most oftenstrict stricter strictestmore strict most strictfriendly friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly4)形容词。副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法Good/wellbetterbestBad/ill/badlyworseworstMany/muchmoremostLittlelessleastFarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestOldolder/elderoldest/eldest小练习：1. much _2 ill _3. little _4. bad _用所给词的正确形式填空：1. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive)2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁).3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I.4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child.5. She will be much _ (happy) in her new house.6. The short one is by far _ (expensive) of the five.7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother.8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class.2比较级的表示法：主语+be+比较级+than主语+谓语+比较级+than1)不同主语的比较，双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用比较级十 than的结构表示He is two years younger than I.表示一方不及另一方时，用 less十原级十 than的结构表示This room is less beautiful than that one2)同一主语不同方面的比较She is now happier than she has ever been用于修饰比较级的词：even, （very）much, far, a lot, still, yet. a bit，a little，still，much，yet，by far注意：by far通常用于强调最高级用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加 the如He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量，可在比较级前加上上述表示程度的副词，以加强语气。He works even harder than before.4）某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than(这些词有inferior infiri低人一等的 | 下等的 | 下级的， superior sju:piri上级的；优秀的，出众的；高傲的，junior（下级的，年少的），senior（年长的，高级的），prior（较早的，在先的）等Junior school小学，senior school中学例如：He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics5）在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如：The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood小练习：1 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one.2 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother.3 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.4 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。This story is _ _ _ than that one.5 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I.6 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _ _ _ than that one.7 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day.8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English.9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets.10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _ _ _ of two二，as, little, few, elder等在比较级中的用法。as用于比较级1）。As +形容词或副词原级+asTom is as tall as Mike.2) as +形容词原形+A+名词+asHe is as good a student as you.3)倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+asThis room is three times as large as that one.提到倍数用法，补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：1)A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc) as B例如：Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)2) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B例如；The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍)3) A is three(four，etc) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc) than B例如：Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大)用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数表示两倍可以用 twice或 doublelittle/few和many/much的比较级和最高级以及用法1）littlelessleast修饰不可数名词2）fewfewerfewest修饰可数复数名词3）muchmoremost修饰不可数名词4）manymoremost修饰可数复数名词If you want to be thinner and healthier, youd better eat less food and take more exercise.3.a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法1）the +比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓：越。越。The harder he works, the happier he feels.2)比较级+and+比较级：越来越。The weather is getting colder and colder.4. elder的用法1）不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级My sister is older( than me).My sister is elder(than me)2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。三形容词和副词最高级的用法，most/mostly/almost/at most的含义1.形容词和副词最高级的用法三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。最高级中表示比较范围的常用among, in, of 引导的介词短语或从句表示。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.She is one of the most beautiful girls in our school.He works (the) hardest in his class.2.用于修饰最高级的词最高级可以被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by farmuchnearlyalmostnot nearlyby no means/not quitenothing like the biggest How much did the second most expensive hat coat?The Yellow River is the second longest in China.3.由ing分词和ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。4表示最高程度的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级5. most, mostly, almost, at most的用法。most作副词，构成形容词和副词的最高级Most作副词，构成大多数双音节或多音节形容词和副词的最高级形式，前面常有定冠词。Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in this town?2)most作副词，修饰形容词和副词，用来加强语气，表示：极，十分。前面不用定冠词。Its most dangerous to play with fire.3）most作形容词，修饰名词。Most作形容词，意为“大多数的，大部分的，几乎全部的”，修饰名词，前面不用冠词。与most of同义，但most of后的名词前必须加冠词。Most ofthestudents had left when he came.4) mostly :主要地，多半地，相当于mainlyHe uses his bike mostly for going to school5）almost意为：几乎，相当于very nearly.He spent almost the whole day reading English.6)at most意为“最多”,与at least相对I can pay only twenty dollars at (the ) most.形容词的比较级和最高级3) 有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。 原级 比较级 最高级good/well 好的 better bestbad/ill 坏的 worse worstmany/much 多的 more mostlittle 少的 less leastfar 远的 further furthest farther farthestold 老的 older oldest elder eldest2. 形容词比较级的用法1）形容词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 It was quieter outside. 外面安静点了。 It couldnt be easier. 不能再容易了。 This car is more expensive. 这辆车比较贵。 Who is taller? 谁高一点？ Which book is better? 哪本书更好？1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1）单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成2) 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious2）也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：a. 名词或代词（若为人称代词，在口语中多用宾格）： He is older than me. 他年龄比我大。 Tokyo is bigger than New York. 东京比纽约大。b. 动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。This is more interesting than sitting in an office. 这比坐办公室更有意思。c. 从句：I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。He is stronger than I expected. 他比我预料的更健壮。d. 状语：She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平时更难受。He is busier than ever. 他比过去更忙了。e. 跟其它成分（如动词、形容词等）：Its better to be prepared than unprepared. 有准备比没准备好。She was more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。He was more lucky than clever. 他是运气好，而不是聪明。3 形容词比较级的修饰语1）形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语：Hes feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。Shes a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。Its slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。2）也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词：Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？She was no older than Zilla. 他并不比齐拉大。This book is even more useful than that. 这本书甚至比那本书更有用。3）比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来？My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。Youre a head taller than Jane. 你比简高一个头。4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法和more有关的词组1） the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如： He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3） no more than 与一样，不比多。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 no less than与一样。例如： He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。4） more than不只是，非常。例如： She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。和less有关的词组5) less than 不到 不太： In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就准备好了。6）no less than 多达 不少于 He won no less than $5oo. 他赢了不少于500美圆。 No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。7) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 The answers were more or less right. 这些回答大体上是正确的。 另外， 还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。9) 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。10)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。11）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如： This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine.5. 形容词最高级用法the + 最高级 + 比较范围1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。注意： a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4） 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如： Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。 =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.包含形容词比较级的句子1. 包含形容词比较级的句子多带有一个由than引起的状语从句，表示和什么相比，从句中有些词会省略掉：She is taller than her elder sister. 她比她姐姐高。This book is in simpler English than the other one. 这本书的英文比另一本容易。Life was much harder than it is today. 那时的生活比现在苦得多。Europe has less land than Canada. 欧洲的面积比加拿大小。They are all younger than me. 他们都比我年轻。She knows more English than I do. 她的英语比我懂的多。2. 有时状语从句可以省略：The weather is warmer today. 今天天气要暖和得多。Are you feeling better now? 现在你感觉好一点了吗？Ill be more careful in future. 以后我要细心点。Have you got a larger size? 你们有大一点的吗？I had never seen a better film. 我没看过(比这)更好的电影。3. 比较级前有时有一个状语修饰：My sister is two years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小两岁。Our room is slightly bigger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的稍微大一点。This car is a bit more expensive. 这辆车稍稍贵点。You are an inch taller than Tom. 你比汤姆高一寸。Your pronunciation is much better than mine. 你发音比我好多了。4. 比较级的形容词还可以用在某些句型中：Most cities in China are getting bigger and bigger. 中国大多数城市越来越大。He read more than ten books last term. 上学期他看了十几本书。The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。带as(so) as的结构1. 在表示“和一样”时，可用“as. as”结构(前面的as后要用原形)：He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。Ill give you as much help as I can. 我将尽量帮助你。The airport was as crowded as ever. 机场还是像平常那样拥挤。Youre as good a singer as Johny Buck. 你的歌唱得像约尼伯克一样好。Modern computers can be as small as a book. 现在的电脑可以像一本书那样大。2. 在表示“不像那样”时可用“not as(so). as”这种结构：It isnt so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。Im not so experienced as you think. 我没有你想的那样有经验。The situation is not so bad as had been painted. 形势没有描绘的那样糟糕。Jack is not as(so) old as he looks. 杰克不像他看起来那样老。3. 这种结构中也可包含一个状语或有almost, just, nearly, quite这类副词形容：The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那头鲸有她的那艘船的两倍长。Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子约为我们房子三倍大。My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英语掌握得还不及你的一半好。He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他几乎和她姐姐一样勤奋。She is nearly as tall as her mother. 她几乎和她妈妈一样高。4. as. as还可用在许多固定说法中：as brave as a lionas busy as a beeas vain as a peacocksoft as velvetas bright as dayas fat as a pigas gentle as a lambeasy as ABC形容词最高级的用法1. 形容词最高级有时单独使用，但前面需加定冠词：Whats the best time to go there? 什么时候到那儿去最好？Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter. 快递是寄信的最快办法。Its the latest fashion from Paris. 这是巴黎来的最新式样。The oldest is only nine. 最大的才九岁。The highest mountain in Japan is Fuji. 日本最高的山是富士山。In Western Europe Germany has the most people. 在西欧德国人口最多。2. 有时跟一个短语或从句说明在哪个范围内如此：It is the largest island in Europe. 它是欧洲最大的岛。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. 昨天是今年最热的一天。The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country. 长江是我国最大的河流。It was the cheapest hotel we could find. 这是我们能找到的最便宜的旅馆。This was the best beer (that) I have ever drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的啤酒。It was the worst film we had ever seen. 这是我们看过的最糟的电影。3. 形容词前有时有定语或状语修饰：Its second largest city is Osaka. 它的第二大城市是大阪。The third largest city is Los Angeles. 第三大城市是洛杉矶。She was by far the most active member in our group. 她是我们小组最积极的成员。4. 形容词最高级有时表示“非常”的意思，这时前面可加不定冠词或不加定冠词：Its a most touching story. 这是一个非常动人的故事。It was most stupid to act like that. 这样做是非常愚蠢的。5. 形容词最高级还可用在某些短语中(这时常转化为名词)：She is ten years old at most. 她至多十岁。Well do our best. 我们将尽力而为。II. 在下面句子中的习惯用语下划线：1. He must weigh 200 pounds, at least.2. She didnt trust him in the least.3. He looked 20 at (the) most.4. I did my best to win the competition.5. The garden is at its best this month.6. Ill do it to the best of my ability.7. Mother tried her best not to smile.8. Saturn has a family of at least 10 moons.9. Im not in the least interested in what he is saying.10. To the best of my knowledge he isnt in Hong Kong.名词化的形容词1. 有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人，这可称为名词化的形容词：These seats are for the