数词及冠词的用法.doc

数词：真题再现1. Im 13 years old and my sister is 15 years old. So my sister is_ years older than me.【2012 山东济南】A. one B. two C. three D. four2. May is the _ month of a year. 【2012 湖北随州】A. fifty B. fifteen C. fifth D. five3. _ visitors come to Xingyi during May Day holidays every year. 【2012 黔西南】A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousand4. How was your weekend? 【2012 广东】 Great! It was my grandfathers _birthday. We enjoyed ourselves.A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventieth D. Seventeenth5. About _of the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the_. 【2012 贵州铜仁】A. three five; 1996. B. three fifths; 1990sC. third fifth; 1997. D. third fifths; 1990s6. He wrote his _ novel when he was _. 【2012湖北恩施】A. five; fifties B. fifth; fiftyC. fifth; fiftieth7. A _ girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father. 【2012鸡西市】A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. three years old8. Our school is going to hold the_Culture Festival. 【2012湖北宜昌】 I see. And we can take part in _activities.A. tenth; tenth B. ten; tenth C. tenth; ten D. ten; ten1. B。考查数词用法。句意为 “我13岁了，我姐姐15岁了，我姐姐比我大2岁。”故选B。2. C。本题考查序数词的用法，the fifth month意为“第五个月”。3. A。考查数词。当hundred，thousand，million和billion表示具体的数目时，用单数形式；当表示不具体的数目时，用复数形式，跟介词of连用，故选A。4. B。考查序数词的用法，seventieth意为“第七十”，一般在前面加the，但因为本题前面已经有物主代词修饰，所以不再加the。5. B。五分之三的正确表达是three fifths，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母要加-s。1990s表示二十世纪九十年代，前面要加the修饰，而in 1996表示“在1996年”，不用加the。6. B。由novel是单数形式，可知选fifth而不是five，表示某人年龄大小时，用基数词，所以选fifty。7. A。three-year-old由连字符构成的复合形容词，作定语修饰名词girl，意为“一个三岁的女孩”。8. C。第一空用序数词，表示“第十次文化节”，序数词前面要用the修饰；第二空用基数词，表示“十次活动”。用法讲解表示数目多少或者顺序先后的词叫数词，它有两种形式：表示数目多少的叫基数词。如：one一，two二，three三，four四。表示顺序先后的词叫序数词。如：first第一，second第二，third第三，fourth第四，fifth第五。A. 基数词的构成：(1) 112的基数词是： one 1，two 2，three 3, four 4， five 5, six 6, seven 7, eight 8, nine 9, ten 10, eleven 11,twelve 12。(2) 1319的基数词： 分别在39的基数词后加词缀teen，但要注意几个特殊变化的基数词：13thirteen，15fifteen，18eighteen。(3) 2090的逢十的基数词： 分别在29的基数词后加ty构成，即：20twenty，30thirty，40forty，50fifty，60sixty，70seventy，80eighty，90ninety。（注意20，30，40，50，80拼写的特殊变化。）(4) 2129的基数词： 由十位数20的单词形式twenty加个位数19构成。中间用连字符。即：21twenty-one，22twenty-two，23twenty-three，24twenty-four，25twenty-five，26twenty-six，27twenty-seven，28twenty-eight，29twenty-nine。其他的十位数照此类推。(5) 百位数是由19加hundred构成。 例如：200two hundred。有百位数、十位数和个位数的三位数，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。例如：127one hundred and twenty-seven。(6) 千位数是由19加thousand构成，后面的百位数、十位数和个位数与前面的构成方法一样。例如：3000three thousand。1,149one thousand, one hundred and forty-nine。英语没有“万”这个单位。10,000ten thousand。十万用one hundred thousand，但有百万这个单位million。B. 基数词应用的几点注意事项：(1) 基数词可以用来表示年级、班级、房间号码、电话号码和编号。并且表示单位词的开头字母要大写。如：I am in Class Five, Grade Nine. 我在九年级五班。Tomorrow we are going to learn Lesson Five. 明天我们将要学习第五课。(2) 基数词作为数字在句子中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，但是代表可数名词的复数形式时要用复数。例如：In the western countries, people think thirteen is unlucky number.在西方国家，人们认为13是一个不吉利的数字。Two of them are from America.他们中有两人是从美国来的。(Two = Two people)(3) 基数词的单位hundred，thousand，million和billion等用来表示具体数目，前面有具体的基数词时，这些词的后面不加s。但是当hundred，thousand，million和billion等用来表示不具体的数目时用“hundreds/ thousands/millions/ billions of 名词”来表示，这些词的前面也不用具体的基数词。如：There are ten hundred students in our school.我们学校有1000名学生。We have already planted thousands of trees on the farm.我们在农场里已经种植了成千上万棵树。2. 序数词：A. 序数词的构成：(1) 119的序数词除了第一（first），第二（second）和第三（third）之外，其他的序数词是由基数词加后缀th构成的。如：第四fourth，第六sixth，第七seventh等。注意：几个序数词的特殊变化：fifth 第五，eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。(2) 逢十的序数词的构成方法是：先将“几十”的基数词的词尾-ty变为-tie再加th。如：第20twentieth，第30thirtieth，第40fortieth。(3) 两位数的序数词如果包含19的个位数，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词。如：第21（twenty-first），第34（thirty-fourth）等。(4) 百、千、万的序数词有hundredhundredth，thousandthousandth等。3. 分数表示法：分数是以基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母，除了分子是“1”的情况外，分母的序数词都要用复数。a half 1/2 one third 1/3 two thirds 2/3 a (one) quarter 或one fourth 1/4分数在句子中作主语的时候，谓语动词的单、复数形式由of后面的名词来决定。如果of后面的名词是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后面的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：It is said that two thirds of information on the Internet is not true. 据说互联网上三分之二的信息是不真实的。 Two fifths of the students in my class are from the village. 我们班五分之二的学生来自那个村子。4. 年、月、日、时的表示法(1) 年代890 eight hundred and ninety 1984 nineteen eighty-four2000 two thousand 2009 two thousand and nine1990s (1990s) nineteen nineties 二十世纪九十年代(2) 日期September 1, 2009， 读作：September the first, two thousand and nine(3) 时刻数字写法 读法8:008:108:158:308:408:45eight oclockten past eight(a) quarter past eighthalf past eighttwenty to nine(a) quarter to nineeighteight teneight fifteeneight thirtyeight fortyeight forty-five巩固练习I. 单项选择。1. Good morning, Madam. Can I help you? Sure, Id like _for cooking vegetables.A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread C. five kilos of oil D. four bottles of milk2. Nearly _of the earth _ covered by sea.A. three fourth，is B. three fourths，isC. three fourth，are D. three fourths，are3. Well be back for our schools _anniversary ceremony. I see. That means youll have a get-together with your classmates in _ years.A. fifteen，seven B. fifteenth，seven C. fifteen，seventh D. fifteenth，seventh4. Which class won the match in the end? Im not quite sure. Perhaps _did.A. Class Third B. Third ClassC. Class Three D. Three Class5. There are _ people in the supermarket. Its so crowded.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of6. The number of the students in our school is about nine _. _ of them are boys.A. hundred; Two thirds B. hundred; Two thirdC. hundreds; Two thirds D. hundreds; Two third7. My brother is a _ boy and he cant go to school now.A. four years B. four-year-old C. four-years-oldD. four years old8. It is said that the big fish in the lake is about _.A. four meters long B. four meter longC. four-meter long D. four-meters long9. Whats the date today? It is _.A. March the eighth B. March eight C. eight March D. eighth March10. Where does your English teacher live? He lives on _ floor of that red building.A. fiveB. fifth C. the fifth D. the five11. This is my _time to play the piano at our school.A. secondB. two C. seconds D. the two12. Our English teacher tells us that the _day of the week is Sunday.A. seven B. seventh C. firstD. one13. There are _days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty fiveD. three hundreds and sixty five14. My pen pal, Jack, is in_ in a high school in American.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class Three D. One Grade, Three Class15. There are _months in a year and December is the _month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfthC. twelfth; twelveD. twelfth; twelfthII. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。1. My sister is going to have a party for her _ (twelve) birthday.2. You can see _ (thousand) of trees around our village.3. Four _ (seven) of the people are going to plant trees on the hill tomorrow4. There are _ (hundred) of people dancing at the square after supper.5. His_ (one) name is Mike. But I dont know his family name.6. I am in my (three)year in this middle school.7. He plans to take _ (second)months for his climb8. Alex is _ (fourth) years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten.I单项选择。1. C。本题考查数量词的表达法，由句意可知，需要油做菜，所以选C，指“五公斤食用油”。2. B。本题考查分数的表达法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时，分母要加-s。所以四分之三是“three fourths”，地球表面是不可数名词，所以谓语用单数is。3. B。本题考查基数词和序数词的用法，第一空指第十五个纪念仪式，用序数词fifteenth，第二空指七年后，用基数词seven，注意in后接一段时间的句子，常用将来时。4. C。本题考查基数词用来表示年级、班级、房间号码、电话号码和编号。要求单词开头字母要大写。名词在前，数词在后。5. D。本题考查基数词的单位hundred，thousand，million和billion等，当用来表示具体数目，前面有具体的基数词时，这些词的后面不加-s。但是当hundred，thousand，million和billion等用来表示不具体的数目时用“hundreds/ thousands/millions/ billions of 名词”来表示，这些词的前面也不用具体的基数词。本题属于后者。6. A。基数词后面的hundred不加-s，三分之二的正确表达是Two thirds。7. B。本题考查复合形容词的用法，由基数词单数名词形容词构成，中间用连字符。所以选择B。8. A。本题考查形容词作表语的用法，表示某物多长、多宽或者多高，把形容词放在后面，中间的名词用复数形式，这些词中间不用连字符。9. A。表示日期用序数词，三月八日用March the eighth或者March 8th表示。10. C。本题考查序数词的用法，表示居住在第几楼是定冠词the和序数词连用。11. A。本题考查序数词的用法，物主代词和序数词连用表示“某人的第几次”， 从本句子的意思理解是选择A表示“这是我的第二次在学校弹钢琴。”12. C。本题考查序数词的用法。根据西方文化习惯Sunday是一星期的第一天，所以用the和first连用。13. B。本题考查基数词的用法，三位数的基数词表达是百位和十位间用 and，十位和个位间用连字符。14. B。本题考查基数词的用法。表示在几年级几班用基数词，注意：名词在前，数词在后；班级在前，年级在后；第一个字母要大写。15. B。本题考查基数词和序数词的用法。表示一年有十二个月用基数词twelve；十二月是一年的第十二个月用序数词twelfth。所以选择B。II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。1. twelfth 2. thousands 3. sevenths 4. hundreds 5. first 6. third 7. two8. four冠词：真题再现1. Be careful ! There is_dog lying on the ground. 【2012贵州铜仁】 Thanks a lot.A. a B. an C. the D. /2. Victor can play_ piano. He can join the music club. 【2012贵州贵阳】A. a B. an C. the3. There is no living thing on _ moon. 【2012福建福州】A. the B. a C. 不填4. Bill likes playing _ basketball, but he doesnt like playing _ piano. 【2012 鸡西市】A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /5. _ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. 【2012广东】A. / B. A C. An D. The6. What _ bad weather it is today! 【2012广西玉林】 Yes, _weather makes me so sad.A. a; aB. /; theC. an; theD. the; a7. _ is your mother? She is _ English teacher. 【2012贵州安顺】AWho; theBWhat; / CWhat; anDWho; a8._15th International Film Festival will be held in Shanghai. 【2012山东济宁】A. The B. An C. A D./1. A。定冠词the用在名词前表特指，不定冠词用在名词前表一类，a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。此处表示泛指，dog的第一个音素是辅音，故选A。2. C。the表示特指或者一些固定用法，比如用在乐器的前面，必须用定冠词the。句意为“维克特会弹钢琴，他可以加入音乐俱乐部”。3. A。世界上独一无二的事物前需要加定冠词the, 如：the sun , the earth等。此处句意为“月球上没有生命”。故选A。4. B。play 后接乐器，表示乐器的名词前面要用定冠词the，play后接球类，表示球类的名词前不用冠词。5. D。表示姓氏的Green前面加the，后面加-s，指“一家人”，是惯用法。6. B。weather是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词修饰。所以第一空不填，第二空的weather是特指上文提到的，所以用the修饰。7. C。询问职业可用what提问，句意为“你妈妈是干什么的？回答为“妈妈是一英语老师”。English teacher 是元音音素开头，所以用an修饰。8.A。定冠词the用在序数词前。句意为“第十五届国际电影节将在上海被举办”。用法讲解知识总结：1. 不定冠词的用法：不定冠词包括a/an，意思相当于one, 很多情况下可以译成“一”、“每”，但是不像one一样强调数量，有时可以不译出。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：We saw a good film last night. 昨晚我们看了一部好电影。Please give me an apple. 请给我一个苹果。1）表示一类人或者一类事物中的一个。Hes an English teacher.他是个英语老师。2）泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。A girl is waiting for you at the school gate. 一个女孩在校门口等你。3) 用在事物的单位，如：时间、速度、价格等前，表示“每一”。How much are the oranges? 桔子多少钱？Two yuan a kilo.每公斤两元。4) 用在某一些固定搭配的短语中。如：a lot of许多 a little/ a few 一点 after a while 一会儿 in a hurry 匆忙地 have a look 看一看 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a cold 感冒2. 定冠词的用法：定冠词the主要对后面的名词起限定作用，“特指”是它的主要功能。1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The apple on the plate is for you. 盘子里的苹果是你的。2) 说话双方都知道的人或者事物。Please go and close the door. 请过去把门关上。3) 指上文刚提到的人或物。I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.我在箱子里发现了一幅画。那幅画非常美丽。4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前面。The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。5) 用在序数词和形容词的最高级前面。You are the best student in our school. 你是我们学校最好的。Dont put off what you should do to the last second.不要把该做的事拖到最后时刻。6) 与单数名词连用，表示某类人或事物。The tiger is a fierce animal. 老虎是一种凶猛的动物。7) 用在演奏的乐器名称和文艺活动场所前。The little girl likes playing the violin.那个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。8) 用在某一些固定搭配的习惯用语中。in the morning在上午 by the way 顺便说一下 at the same time 同时in the middle of 在中间 make the bed 铺床all the time一直3. 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况：1） 物质名词表示泛指时不用冠词。Wood can be used to make paper. 木材可以用来造纸。2）抽象名词表示一种概念时不用冠词。Music is a language which can bring people pleasure.音乐是一种能给人们带来快乐的语言。3）表示国名、地名、人名、城市、街道和字首为Mount的山及大多数湖泊的专有名词前不用冠词。如：China，Mary，Mount Tai。4）四季、月份、节假日、日期和星期等名词前不用冠词。They will have a football match on Friday.星期五他们将有一场足球赛。注意：当谈论具体的季节、日期和中国传统节日时常用定冠词。I dont like the spring of Beijing. Its too sandy.我不喜欢北京的春天，沙尘太多了。5) 一日三餐、球类运动前不用冠词。My brother is playing basketball with his friends now.我弟弟正在和朋友们打篮球。6）表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词。Physics is more popular than any other subject in our school.我们学校物理比其他学科更受欢迎。7）名词复数表示一类人或事物不用冠词。Pandas are very lovely animals. 熊猫是很可爱的动物。8) 某些习惯用语中不用冠词。如：at school在校学习in hospital住院go to bed上床睡觉face to face面对面on foot步行by bus乘公共汽车巩固练习单项选择。1. I found _ dead dog in the river yesterday. But at first I thought it was my pet.A. a B. an C. the D. one2. If you work hard, youll get _“A” in the exam.A. a B. an C. the D. /3. They often take_ walk after dinner.A. a B. C. the D. an4. Lilys mother is _ teacher in a school.A. a B. an C. the D. /5. _Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang.A. AB. An C. The D./6. Jenny goes to school on foot. It takes her about half _ hour to get there.A. an B. a C. the D./7. My best