翻译中的文化因素异化与归化.doc

,AbstractApproaches to cultures involved in translation may be divided into two methods SL culture-oriented andTL culture-oriented. This classification is based on an analysis of translations of the figurative use of language in thetwo English versions of the Chinese classical novelHonglou Meng. The analysis leads to the conclusion that bothmethods may be justified in their own right if we take into consideration the differences in the purpose of translation,the type of texts, the intention of the author and the readership.Key wordsintercultural communication, adaptation, alienation, skopos theory,;,Christiane Nord (1991)(intercultural communication);Holz-Manttari (198417)(intercultural cooperation)Andre Lefevere(1992)(acculturation),R.DanielShaw(1988)transculturation(),JuriLotman,;(JuriLotman & B.A. Uspensky 1978),;,(Reeves1994),(alienation)(adaptation),(source language culture ori-ented, or SL culture-oriented)(target language culture oriented, orTL culture-oriented)Venuti,Venuti,(Venuti 1991),(Neubert 19922-4),(Brewer 1988)Nida,Nida,Nida,(),(Nida1964a159)(func-tional isomorphs),to grow like mushrooms,(Nida1993121),1),;2);3);4),;5),1),;,;2),;,;3),;,;4),;5),;,13,A Dream of Red MansionsThe Story of theStone,;,Yen Yuan-shu,Dream in a Red Chamber,Dream in a Red Chamber,;,(Yen 1977),The Story of the Stone,TheDream of the Red Chamber,(Hawkes197319),(thedream of golden days),(Yang s version Happy Red Court)(The House of Green Delight),Nida,1);2);3);4);5)(Nida 1964b91),1) ,(156)Truly,Storms gather without warningin nature, and bad luck befalls menovernight.(Yang155)I knowthe weather and human life areboth unpredictable.(Hawkes231),;,14(165)A toad hankering for a taste of swan (Yang164)A case ofthe toad on the ground wanting toeat the goose in the sky(Hawkes 242),(goose),(swan),a swan among geese2) ,(5)As for books of the beauty-and-talentedtype, . (Yang4)And theboudoir romances, . (Hawkes50),(5)Even worse are those writers of the breeze-and-moonlight school, . (Yang4)Still worse is theerotic novel, .(Hawkes 49),;,3) ,(95)Man proposes, Heaven disposes. (Yang90)Man proposes, God disposes. (Hawkes152),GodHeaven,(Keene1992),4) ,(19)He transferred the sack from the Taoist sshoulder to his own, . (Yang 17)But Shi-yin merely snatched the satchel thathung from the other s shoulder and slung it fromhis own, . (Hawkes 65),(18)Mean huts and empty hallsWhere emblems of nobility once hung.(Yang 16)Mean hovels and abandoned hallsWhere courtiers once paid daily calls.(Hawkes 64),(sack),(satchel),15(sack)(Where emblemsof nobility once hung),5) ,(31)Such people may become princes or thieves,depending on whether they re successful or not.(Yang 29)Zhang victorious is a hero.Zhang beaten is a lousy knave (Hawkes29)Remember the proverbA murder can onlylose his head.(Yang 142)You know what the proverb saysHe who checks a moment s rageShall calm and carefree end his days.(Hawkes 216)(145)(a case of)Beauty is in the eye of the be-holder.(Yang vol. 2681)(a case of)beauty in the eye of the behold-er(Hawkes vol.3588),1) ,(hero)(knaves),2),;,3),Nida,;,16,Eugene Eoyang,;,J.Y.D.C.LauWu-Chi LiuIrvingLo,;,(Eoyang 1977),(Bradbury 1992),(skopos theory),(Lefevere1992116),17,Bassnett-McGuire, Susan (1991)Translation Studies(Revised Edition), Routledges, London and NewYork.Beekman, John & Callow, John (1974)Translating theWord of God,Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan.Bradbury, Steve (1992) The American Conquest ofPhilosophical Taoism, inTranslation East and WestA Cross-Cultural Approach, Selected Conference Pa-pers, Vol. 5 (ed.) Cornelia N. Moore & Lucy Low-er, College of Languages, Linguistics and Literatureof University of Hawaii & the East-West Center, p.29.Brewer, John (1988) The Role ofCulturein SuccessfulTranslation, inLiterature in Translation FromCultural Transference to Metonymic Displacement,(ed.) Pramod Talgeri & S. B. Verma, PopularPrakashan, Bombay, p. 25.,1982,Eoyan, Eugene (1977) Audiences for Translationsof Chi-nese Literature, inThe Art andProfession ofTrans-lation,Proceedings of The Asia Foundation Confer-ence on Chinese-English Translation, (ed.) T. C.Lai, The Hong Kong Translation Society, p. 130.Hawkes, David (1973, 1977, 1980)The Story of theStone,Vols. 1-3, Penguin Books.Holz-Manttari, J. (1984)Translatiorische Handeln,Theorie and Methode,Helsinki.Humboldt, Alexander von (1845)Betrachtungenberdie Verschiedenartigkeit des Maturgenusses,Kosmos,Works. Vol, 1, Stuttgart.Keene, Donald (1992) Introduction Translation andComparative Literature, inTranslation East andWest A Cross-Cultural Approach,Selected Confer-ence Papers, Vol. 5 (ed.) Cornelia N. Moore &Lucy Lower, College of Languages, Linguistics andLiterature, University of Hawaii & the East-WestCenter, 1992. p.xv.Lefevere, Andre (1992)Translating Literature Prac-tice andTheoryin a ComparativeContext,TheMod-ern Language Association of America, New York.Lotman, Juri & Uspensky, B.A. (1978) On the Semi-otic Mechanism of Culture,New York History,IX(2) pp. 211-32.Neubert, Albrecht & Shreve, Gregory M. (1992)Translation as Text,The Kent State UniversityPress, Ohio, and London, England.Nida, Eugene A. (1964a)Towards a Science of Trans-lating,Leiden, E.J.Brill.(1964b)Language in Culture and Society,DellHymes, Allied Publishers pvt, Ltd.(1993)Language, Culture and Translating,Shanghai Foreign Language Press.(1996)The Sociolinguistics of Interlingual Com-munication,Suspert, Bruxelles.Nord, Christiane (1991)Text Analysis in Translation,Amsterdam Atlanta, GA.Reeves, Nigel, B.R. (1994) Translating and Interpret-ing as Cultural IntermediationSome TheoreticalIssues Reconsidered, inTranslating and Interpret-ing Bridging East and West,Selected Con