英语语法之NOMORE.doc

NO MORE.THAN含有消极,否定的意味,译为A与B都不,不也不等。 NOT MORE.THAN含有积极,肯定的意味,表示程度上的差异。比较: HE IS NO MORE DILIGENT THAN YOU. 你不勤奋,他也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋) HE IS NOT MORE DILIGENT THAN YOU. 他没有你那么勤奋。(意指两个人都勤奋,但你更勤奋) SHE IS NO MORE A TEACHER THAN A WORKER. 她既不是工人,也不是教师。 SHE IS NOT MORE A TEACHER THAN A WORKER. 说她是个教师,倒不如说她是个工人。 not less than = 不如不（即指不如 less 后形容词的反面）no less than = 和一样(肯定两者) You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。 二、no+比较级+than与not+比较级+thanHe has no more than three children. 他只有 3 个孩子。He has not more than three children. 他最多 3 个孩子(有或许还不到 3 个之意)。五、no less than 与not less than均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。如：He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七个女儿之多。He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七个女儿。六、no more than 与 no lessthan前者意为“与一样不”，否定两者；而后者则表示“和一样”，肯定两者。如：Shes no more a great singer than I am. 他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。Your brother is no less wise than you. 你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。注：would rather的否定式，通常要将not置于rather之后。如：Id rather not say anything. 我宁可什么也不说。二、would rather后接完成式动词would rather后接完成式动词，表示过去的想法，通常可译为“(本来)宁愿做某事”。如：We went by sea, but I d rather have gone by air. 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。“At that time, I would rather have been a factory worker than an animal keeper,” he said. “那时，我宁愿做一个工厂工人，也不愿做动物饲养员，”他说道。2. 指过去用过去完成时。如：Id rather he hadnt told me about it 我宁愿他未告诉我这件事。Kate went by car and Id rather she hadnt. 凯特是坐汽车去的，我倒愿意她不是坐汽车去的。Id rather she had asked me before borrowing the car. 我真希望她先问我一声再借车。注：有时用于虚拟语气语境中。如：(from )If Id lived in 1400, Id rather have been a knight than a monk. 如果我生活在1400年，我宁愿当骑士，不当修道士。If shed had a chance, shed rather have lived 100 years ago. 如果有机会她宁愿生活在100年前。完形填空词组及固定搭配常考汇总a host of 大量a test for检测目的a test on对进行测试a test with检测手段achieve equilibrium取得平衡achieve ones purpose达到目的achieve success 获得成功achieve victory获得胜利act on 遵照行动，作用于；对有影响alternate (with)交替；and yet然而anywhere near接近于as to 至于，关于； as yet迄今，到目前为止aside from 除之外;at a disadvantage处于不利地位at no time从不，决不at one time曾经，从前曾be drawn to 被所吸引; be habitual to(him) 对(他来说)习以为常be in order合适，恰当。 be involved in 参与，参加； be involved with 与有关连， be left to 由来决定,由来想办法;be thrown in 额外赠送behind time 晚点 beyond question毋庸置疑 bring about 产生； bring forward 提出。 bring out 使出现；公布；出版； by all means无论如何，必定by choice处于选择by mistake错误地call forth唤起，引起cast light on阐明某事；come under归人，受到come up 发生，形成； consistent in 在(某方面)一致consistent with与一致copy out 抄写； correlate with找出一一对应的关系cut out 删掉; die back 枯死； die off 相继死去； do something for/to 改进，增强dwell on 利用 enter for 报名参加；enter into 开始 （谈话，讨论） entertain a proposal愿意考虑这一建设faithful to忠心于for the purpose of 为了目的； from/by all accounts根据方面所说give way让路，让步go in进入，参加go through经历have a bearing on与有关系hold down 控制hold out维持，伸出，提出，坚持hold up 保持良好，停止；阻滞hold up举起，承载，阻挡in a state of 处于的状态in accord with与一致in circles=in a circle在原地兜圈子，毫无进展in consequence 因此； in ones terms用的话来说 in ones view根据观点in perspective 关系恰当地，观察合理地； in point of 说到，关于in reference to 关于，就而论； in regard to关于in the analysis of 在对进行分析时in the bargain 此外，还infuse into注入irrespective of不顾的,不考虑的; lead off 开始； lead out 开始； make for 有助于，有利于； make towards朝走去 make way开路，让路on radio 用无线电,通过广播; on the occasion of 在场合，值之际； on the side 额外地，作为兼职； one another 相互one or other 不管哪一个out of step不一致，不协调pass off 中止,停止; pay by check用支票支付pay in cash 或 pay cash 付现金。 pay off 赢利，取得好结果， quite other完全不同的reflect discredit on使丧失名誉ripe for 为什么做好准备。 root out 发现secure sth. from attack使受攻击set back推迟，延缓；阻碍set down卸下，放下；记下set forth阐明，陈述similar to 与类似； step up增加，加速 在 方面不同。 take away消耗，清除take up 专用to caution against对予以警告turn up意外地发生； work away一直在工作work up逐步建立，逐步发展； write away不停地写write in 提出书面要求write off 报废；勾销 write out写出，取消某角色开出（药方，支票） Undercondition,也可相当于一个虚拟条件从句。 Under more favorable conditions, we would have made more achievements.Had better反意疑问句的陈述部分为had better时，附加问用助动词had。You had better go at once, hadnt you?Wed better call off our appointment, hadnt we?Would rather 反意疑问句的陈述部分为would rather时，附加问句用情态动词would。 Youd rather not do it, would you?She would rather die than surrender to the enemy, wouldnt she?助动词 情态动词Used to反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时，附加问句用助动词did。You used to stay up late every evening watching TV, didnt you?助动词 情态动词Ought to 反意疑问句的陈述部分为ought to时，附加问句用助动词should. She ought to go by plane, shouldnt she?We ought not to laugh at others mistakes, should we?助动词 情态动词Must 反意疑问句的陈述部分有must，附加问句分三种情况：must domustnt must be随人称用系动词一般现在时must have donedidnt 反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时，附加问句用情态动词may。I wish to shake hands with you, may I?人称和数 （1）陈述部分主语是I时，附加问句的人称分二种情况：I hope that, dont you?I cant believe it, can you?I will be 14 tomorrow, arent I?I am interested in it, arent I?人称和数 （2）陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数，附加问句用it指代。陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、no one 、anybody、any one等时看作复数，附加问句用they指代。陈述部分主语是不定代词 one时，附加问句用one指代。 人称和数 （3）Nothing is amazing there, is it?Something will have to be done about the price, wont it?Nobody is leaving tomorrow, are they? Everyone hopes to get promoted, dont they?Someone left their umbrella in the bus, didnt they?One cant be too careful, can one?祈使句后面的附加问句 （1）祈使句后面的附加问句，分三种情况；表客气、委婉、邀请、劝诱、愿望等时，用wont you 。Have a cup of coffee, wont you?表命令、强制的要求、请求时，用will you。Do it at once, will you? 否定祈使句用will you 。 Dont close the door, will you?祈使句后面的附加问句 （2）Lets 和let us后面的附加问句，分两种情况；lets包括对方在内，用shall we 或shant we。let us不包括对方在内，用will you 或wont you。Let 后接非us之外的人称如me、him、her、them等时，附加问句用will you。祈使句后面的附加问句 （3）lets go to the movies, shall we?let us go to the movies, will you ?let him go, will you?let me attend the farewell party, will you?There+be句型的反意疑问句There+be句型的反意疑问句，附加问句用be there/be not there，由主语人称时态和数决定。There wont be any trouble, will there? Theres not much news in todays paper, is there?There has been much confusion since his arrival, hasnt there?This/that/It is/was the third time that句型This/that/It is/was the third time that等句型中，反意主句，用it指代。This is the third time this week he has been late, isnt it?It was the second time that she had been to the Great Wall, wasnt it?主从复合句 （1）I think (suppose)宾语从句结构，附加问句反意从句分两种情况；前肯定句，后用否定句。I think that he is serious, isnt he ? 前有否定句，后面附加问句用肯定(I dont think)。I dont suppose that she is serious, is she?上述主从复合句主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意主句。 They think Mary will pass the examination, dont they?主从复合句 （2）I hope+宾语从句结构，附加问句用dont you。I hope that they study hard, dont you?感叹句后的附加问句感叹句后的附加问句指人时，根据人称、数决定用什么指代。指物时，根据单复数决定，用it /they指代。 What an interesting story, isnt it? What a funny man, isnt he? How silly they are, arent they?含有否定词的介词短语在句首时，句子主谓倒装。这类介词短语包括： in no case, at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no sense, under no circumstances, 等等。意思为 “决不，在任何情况下都不。 ”Such/sothat句型中的倒装Such/sothat句型中such+名词或so+形容词，副词等位于句首时，主句中主谓倒装。So badly was he injured in the accident that he had to stay in the hospital for treatment.So excited was I that I didnt know what to say.than引导的比较状语从句中，主从句谓语趋向中间以达到平衡，此时从句要求主谓倒装。Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, man is less limited by nature than were his forefathers/ancestors.表频率的状语至于句首倒装表频率的状语至于句首，倒装。Many a time has he given us sound advice.Twice a week does he go to visit his grandparents.More than once have we heard him make such promises.有些集体名词（表示总称）如machinery、stationery, merchandise （商品） 、foliage（树和植物叶子的总称）等看作单数。More than one所修饰的名词作主语时谓语动词多用单数。The rest of +名词/代词做主语The rest of +名词/代词做主语时， 谓语动词有三种情况：1）The rest of +可数名词复数做主语，谓语动词用复数。2）The rest of +可数名词单数做主语，谓语动词用单数。3）The rest of +不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。最高级前用by far等表示强调在疑问词（wh-词）后加上on earth、in the world等一些特殊词语，加强疑问语气表示强调。What on earth do you want?Where in the world can I find such a valuable painting?词汇强调在否定句中用at all、in the least等加强否定语气表示强调。He was not at all satisfied with his job.She is not in the least ignorant/foolish.It/This/That is/was +序数词+time that sb. has/had done sth.This is the third time within one month that he has gone to the cinema. That was the fourth time that he had made changes to the original design.常见的能跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase:admit, appreciate, avoid, confess to, consider, delay, deny, endure(忍耐), enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy(想象), finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, risk, cant help, feel like, give up, keep out, object to (反对), oppose, put off(推迟).注意：动名词作宾语后面带有补语，一般不用形式宾语it。但当宾补是一些带有“有用、明智、值得”等含义的adj时，通常要用it作形宾，而将作宾语的g.放到补语后面。作介词宾语Never put off doing what should be done today till tomorrow.Have you got used to working on the night shift? (上夜班) Children are fond of reading fairy tales.get/be used/accustomed to, be fond of, look forward to, long for, dream of, approve/disapprove of, insist on, persist in, accuse sb. of, charge sb. with, be keen on, be absorbed in, concentrate on, put off, preventfrom.There is no gain in doing sth. 做某事没有好处。省去 being或分词 后，由 n. / pron.+adj. / adv. / 介词短语构成。He entered the room, his nose （being）red with cold. The meal （being）over, he went to his office again. He stood in doorway, a hat （held） in his hand. Club (held/being) in hand, the policeman ran after the thief.独立结构* 独立结构：（不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不同）该结构在句中一般作说明情况的状语。* The plan was that the contending parties should reach an early agreement on basic principles, the details to be worked out later.* (这个计划是让争执的双方先在基本原则上达成协议，细节以后再磋商。)Another Example* He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay the railway tickets, and John to provide the food.不带“to”的不定式* 使用不带“to”的不定式的几种句型* (1) 口语中，以why开头的简单问句* Why do it that way? 为什么用这种方法来做这事呢？(