高中情态动词总结.doc

语法：情态动词一、can, may, must根据意思与习惯用法，我们可以把can, may, must 分成以下两组用法，方便学习与掌握。1第一组用法见下表（主要在初中的时候我们所掌握的）：词义肯定否定疑问过去式can 能、会can cant Can.? couldmay 可以may mustnt/may not May.? mightmust 必须must neednt Must.? must/have toA) cana) can 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句：eg. Computers can do a lot of things for us.Money cannot buy everything.Can you speak French?I could run very fast when I was young.b) can 与be able tocan 与be able to 的意思相近，经常可以互换使用。但在用过去式的时候，could 与was able to 的意思不同。试比较：Einstein was able to flee Germany when Hitler came into power.(侧重经过努力而成功做到谋事)I could pass the examination, but I was too careless.(表示能力)c) could 在疑问句时用意表示请求，意义同can，是一种比较客气的表达方式。B) maya) may 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句：eg. You may choose anyone here you like.May I leave now? Yes, of course/Sure. Go ahead.No, you mustnt. （注：口语中也能用cannot。）I was told that the boss might come to the office before 9.b)mustnt 与may notYou mustnt leave the bike here.(禁止)The sign on the wall reads, “Visitors may not feed the animals in the zoo.”c) may 可放在句首，表示“祝愿”。May you succeed!d) might 有时用在疑问句中，只是一种比may 更客气一点，而非过去式。C) musta) must 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句：eg. Everyone must obey the rules.Must I finish the work today? Yes, you must.No, you neednt/dont have to.He told me he must/had to see a doctor tomorrow morning.b) must 与have to2第二组用法见下表：(表示推测)词义肯定否定疑问过去式进行式can 可能/一定/ cannot Can.? cant have done cant be doingmay 可能may may not / may have done may be doingmust 一定must / / must have done must be doinga) can, may, must 的第二种用法，是用来表示说话人的一种推测。现在时举例：Can Tom be in the classroom?Yes, he must be there.或Yes, he may be there, but Im not quite sure.或No, he cant be there, because he hasnt come to school today.过去时举例：(表示对过去的推测用情态动词+完成式)I must have been asleep. I didnt hear your footsteps.David became angry at the meeting. He may have misunderstood what I meant.James cant have forgotten the examination yesterday. There must have been something wrongwith him, I believe.b)表示可能性的否定句中有时也可用may，但意思与cannot 有所不同。eg. Can he know the secret? I am not sure. He may not know it yet.或： No, he cannot know it.c) 用might 和could 表示可能性eg. Could it be Susan at the door? Yes, it might be her.（现在口语中也可用could be 回答）*d) could have done 也可以用在肯定句里。eg. It was dangerous to do so. You could have killed yourself!二、shall, will, would1用在一般疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见。2shall 与第二、第三人称连用，用在肯定、否定句中，表示“命令”、“允诺”、“警告”、“威胁”，及说话人的意愿和决心。If you dare to do that, you shall be punished.These rules shall be obeyed. 3will 在陈述句中可用于任何人称，表示“意愿、意志、决心”等。有时也可用在条件句中。4will 和would 可以表示习惯性反复发生的动作，或在某一条件下，一定会发生的动作。这时，will 一般指“现在”，would 一般指“过去”。三、should/ought to1可以表示一种必要性、义务，解为“应当、应该”。可以与任何人称连用，并用在肯定、否定、疑问句中。但疑问句时用should 更多一些。2可以表示一种推测，解为“应该是”。用于任何人称的肯定、否定、疑问句。它还有进行和完成两种形式：should/ought to be doing（对现在正在进行的动作的推测）和should/ought to have done（表示与过去的事实相反，“本来应该”的意思）。3should 有时可以表示说话人惊讶的感觉，解为“竟然”。You cant imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.四、need 和dareneed 和dare 两词，都既可作为情态动词，又可作为实意动词，所以复习的重点是分清在句子中它们分别是哪种动词。1need 解为“需要、必须”。A) 作为情态动词时，多用于疑问句和否定句。B) 作为实意动词，可用于各种句型，是及物动词，可以跟名词做宾语。C) neednt have done (本来不必做)You neednt have mentioned it to him, because he had been told everything before.你本来不必跟他提这件事的，之前已经有人把一切都讲给他听了。2dare 解为“敢”。A) 作为情态动词时，多用于疑问句和否定句。但是dare 的固定词组“I dare say.”，用在肯定句中。注意：dare 作为情态动词时，它的过去式是dared。B)作为实意动词，dare 可以用在各种句型里。但是注意在否定句里，有时后面的不定式的to 可以省略。推测 肯定性 可能性 由强到弱must / ought to / should / /may / might /can 理论上的可能/ must 用于表示必定，必会：All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事)ought to / should用于表示想必会(语气较must 弱)：They should / ought to be there by now.may 和 might 用于表示事实上的可能性或预测：It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)You might be right. (表示有可能)can理论上的可能Anybody can make mistakes. (只表示理论上的可能性)情态动词的用法：表示“意图”、“打算” “意愿” “决心”(will, would* shall, should*)二.情态动词+ have+过去分词的用法对过去或完成的猜测must / may /might / could / cant / couldnt have done虚拟语气could have done 本来可以；有可能neednt have done 本没必要做某事should / ought to have done 本应该做某事shouldnt / oughtnt to have done本不应该做某事练习1. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have beencollected.A. can B. will C. may D. shall2. You dont _ to go there if you have no time.A. need B. want C. must D. ought3. “May I stop here?” “No, you _.”A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont4. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ have spoken at the meeting.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. couldnt5. It was so cold outside that the child _.A. didnt dare to go out play B. dared not to go out to playC. dare not go out to play D. dared not go out to play6. You _ out without an overcoat. No wonder you caught cold.A. shouldnt have gone B. mustnt have gone C. couldnt have gone D. oughtnt to go7. Tomorrow is your birthday. I promise you that you _ have a most beautiful present.A. might B. will C. could D. shall8. “Phone me when you get home.” “_.”A. I must B. I should C. I will C. I can9. The boss _ the worker how to do it properly, or the accident couldnt have happened.A. cant have told B. ought to tell C. couldnt tell D. mustnt have told10. “Has Maria come yet?” “No. She _ an hour ago, in fact.”A. should come B. must have come C. ought to have come D. would come11. “You know that you were driving at 100 km an hour, dont you?”“No, officer, it _. This car cant do more than 80.”A. may not have been B. couldnt have been C. mustnt have been D. shouldnt have been12. If you dont like to climb the hill with us this afternoon, you _ as well stay in the hotel,watching TV.A. should B. may C. can D. would13. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He _ have driven so fast.A. cant B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt14. Ill call for the police if he _ again.A. dares gamble B. dared gamble C. dare to gamble D. dares to gamble15. You _ again, but since you are here, I will let you have another try.A. neednt come B. dont need to come C. neednt have come D. didnt need to come高考体验:1.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would2.Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A. can B. should C. may D. must3.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat4.Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a publiclibrary.A. must B. may C. can D. need5.Accor