非谓语动词理论.doc

高二非谓语动词专题 一， 非谓语动词的句法功能：（在句中做什么成分）不定式：_doing: _done: _二， 非谓语动词的形式：1)不定式 时态 语态（被动） _ _ （一般式） _ （进行式） _ _（完成式）doing _ _ （一般式） _ _ （完成式） done 即表示_又表示_2)否定形式：_三，非谓语动词作主语和表语 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 （doing做主语和表语）To see is to believe. （to do做主语和表语）注意：done不能作主语。2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth. It is no use _(cry).哭没有用。(it做形式主语)it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes _(完成工作). 注意：it为形式主语。四，非谓语动词作宾语1.有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，其口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。他们指的是哪些动词？ _ _此外：afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。She pretended _ when I passed by. (not see )2.有些动词只能用动名词作宾语：其口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。他们指的是哪些动词？ _此外，习惯于_; 导致_; 致力于_; 追溯到_;坚持_; 反对_; 开始认真从事_; 注意_; 无法容忍_; 放弃_; 想要_; 坚持_; 因感谢你_; 为道歉_; 忙于_; 做有困难_;做某事很愉快艰难_;花时间做_The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch).3.有些动词或词组既可以跟动名词做宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。1) stop to do _ 2) forget to do _stop doing _ forget doing_3) regret to do_ 4）remember to do _regret doing_ remember doing_5) mean to do_ 6）try to do_mean doing_ try doing_7）cant help (to) do sth _ 8）go on to do _cant help doing_ go on doing _She didnt remember _ (meet) him before.-When do you plan to leave?- I mean _ (leave) tomorrow. _4.动词need, want, require, deserve还有be worth_ (do) _(主动表被动) be worthy _(do) be worthy _(do)This book is worth _ (read).This book is worthy of _(read).5.不定式做动词tell, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, ask, decide, find out等的宾语，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等He showed us how_(do) the work.I dont know _ to do.We must decide _(是走还是留).6. 注意：不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前出现行为动词do(做)的任何形式,那么介词后的不定式省略to,而直接用动词原形；相反则带to.另外，在had better, would rather, would sooner, might as well, cant choose but, cant help but等后面的不定式省略to.用括号里的词的适当形式填空：(1). She could do nothing but _ (cry).(2). I cant choose but _ (leave).(3). I have no choice but to _ (wait).(4).What do you like to do besides _ (sleep).五，非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.感官动词_, _, _, _, _, _, _等词的宾语补足语有四种形式：see +宾语+do _see +宾语+doing _see +宾语+being done _see +宾语+done_用括号里的词的适当形式填空： I heard her _ (sing) an English song just now.I heard an English song _ (sing) by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.Id like to see the plan _ (carry out).2.leave后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，意为“_”leave sb doing sth _ 表示 （ ）leave sth undone _表示 （ ）一般以_,_,_, _为多。leave sb to do sth _不定式表示（ ）leave sth to be done _不定式表示（ ）完成句子：Its wrong of you to _(让机器一直开着)。The guest _(大部分的菜没动), because they didnt taste delicious.He left, _(留下我去做)all the rest work.We hurriedly ended our meeting, _（留下许多问题等待解决）。3.have和get 后可以接动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词作宾语补足语。Have/get sth done _have /get sth doing _have sb do sth/get sb to do sth _Ill _(请人修我的自行车) tomorrow.Tom _ (摔断了腿) while playing football.The old man had/got the fire _ (burn) all the night.I wont have you _ (speak) to your dad like that.Mother _ (让我去) to the shop and buy some salt.(haveget)能力提升题组训练：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ (smoke) in the kitchen.Mr. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had _ (repair) went wrong again.I wonder if this is the computer you want to have _ (repair).Childrens being addicted to the Internet gets their parents _ (worry).4.以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语： ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid The doctor advised him _ (eat) too much meat. 医生建议他不要吃太多肉。 5. He is said to _. =it is said _. (据说他已经出国了)类似的词有：Sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought +to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done.六，非谓语动词作定语1. 不定式作定语1）不定式作后置定语，主动表被动。He had no money and no place _(live)Have you got anything _ (send).类似的还有there be结构中There is a lot of work for us _ (do)2）不定式表将来The car_ (要买的buy) is for his sister.3)用来修饰被序数词，最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。He was the best man _(做这个工作).She was the first woman_ (赢得金牌) in the Olympic Games.4)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常用的有：_Do you have the ability _(读和写) in English?2.分词作定语1.分词作定语的形式为： doing; being doing; doneHave you read the novel _ (write) by Dickens? (表示 _ _)Listen! The song _ (sing) is very popular with the students. (表示 _ _)The question _ (discuss) at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. (表示 _ _)doing 表示被修饰的名词与分词为_关系；being doing表示被修饰的名词与分词为_关系且_done表示被修饰的名词与分词为_关系且_七，非谓语动词作状语不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语Helen had to shout_(使她自己被听到) above the sound of the music.2. 不定式作结果状语表示：_V-ing作结果状语表示： _I hurried to the station to see Tom off, _(find) he had already left. He left, _ (再也没有回来) We adopted new methods, _ (improve) the quality of our products.分词作状语1.分词作状语其形式： doing 其意义是：_ having done 其意义是：_ done 其意义是：_ being done 其意义是：_ having been done 其意义是：_题组训练：1)._ many times, she still cant remember it.A. Had told B. Having been told C. Having told D. Being told2)._ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made3) Written in a hurry, _A. Peter made many mistakes in the paper B. there are many mistakes in the paperC. we found some mistakes in the paper D. the paper is full of mistakes分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示_, _, _, _, _, _, _等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出.如： When _ (offer) help, one often says