leadership第二单元翻译.doc

UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP: THEORIES AND CONCEPTSChapter 2:The History of Leadership理解领导：理论和概念2章：历史上的领导CHAPTER OBJECTIVESUnderstand the importance of the history of leadershipUnderstand qualities of tribal leadership, pre-classical leadership, classical leadership, progressive leadership, and post-progressive leadership第一章目标理解的重要性，历史上的领导理解素质的部落领导，前古典领导，经典的领导，渐进的领导，并post-progressive领导CHAPTER OBJECTIVES, cont.Compare each leadership era and evaluate each leadership era according to time constraintsSynthesize the leadership eras and trace the advancement of leadership development 本章的目标，续比较每个领导时代和评估每个领导时代根据时间约束综合领导时代和微量提高领导发展INTRODUCTIONEverything has a historyBass writes, The study of leadership rivals in age the emergence of civilization, which shaped its leaders as much as it was shaped by them. Leadership did happen even in rudimentary social groupings 景区简介一切都的历史巴斯写道，“领导研究对手时代文明的出现，并形成其领导人一样，它是塑造他们。”领导甚至发生在基本的社会团体TRIBAL LEADERSHIPLeaders served the role of coordinator and skilled expertChosen based on size, strength, and agilityLeadership based on fear and survivalPrimitive social skills and limited human interaction部落领导领导人担任协调员和技术专家的作用选择的基础上规模，强度，和敏捷性领导的恐惧和生存原始社会技能和有限的人力相互作用TRIBAL LEADERSHIP, cont.Leadership was an important role in the family unitFamilial relationships were elemental to survivalFamily was a nurturing safety net for support部落领导，续领导是一个重要的角色在家庭单位家庭关系进行元素的生存家庭是培育安全网支持PRE-CLASSICAL LEADERSHIPBiblical era culturesFear based leadershipMagic and spirituality dominatedDivine power of kings and queens was unquestioned, true power from the gods“Divine right” doctrine前古典领导圣经时代的文化基于恐惧的领导魔术和精神控制神圣力量的国王和王后是不容置疑的，真正的权力来自上帝“君权神授”学说PRE-CLASSICAL LEADERSHIP, cont.Power consolidated in the Catholic Church and with kingsEventually those schooled began to question assumptions made by the church and kingsBiblical laws gave way to a new physical scienceStill applicable today in less progressive countries前古典领导，续动力固结在天主教教会和国王最终，那些受过教育开始质疑的假设作出的教堂和国王圣经法律让位给了一个新的物理科学今天仍然适用在不发达的国家CLASSICAL LEADERSHIPPurpose of classical leadership is to create stable profitStability is the keyChange is disruptiveProfit is the nature of leadershipAuthority is the method of the classical leader经典的领导目的是创造稳定的利润古典领导稳定性是关键变化是破坏性的利润是领导的本质权威的方法是经典的领袖CLASSICAL LEADERSHIP, cont.Classical leaders believe:Not everyone can leadLeaders divide laborLeaders organize, control, command, decided, and manipulate for resultsFormal structure is the ultimate way of organizingPolicies stabilize and organizeLeaders lead workers work经典的领导，续经典的领导人相信：不是每个人都能导致领导分工领导组织，控制，命令，决定，和操纵的结果正式结构是最终的组织方式政策的稳定和组织领导带领工人工作PROGRESSIVE LEADERSHIPBy the mid-1970s it was apparent that stability was no longer the prescription for organizational healthTo ensure growth business leaders had to increase quality and reduce costsCorporate leaders began playing a new game - the change game开拓进取的领导到70年代中期，这是明显的，稳定的不再是处方组织健康确保增长，企业领导人必须提高质量和降低成本企业领导人开始玩一个新游戏-游戏的变化PROGRESSIVE LEADERSHIP, cont.The role of top management was as a change agentResponsibility to provide foresight and energyMore and more employees wanted empowermentLeader as collaborator and facilitator“Unlock the potential” of all employees渐进的领导，续最高管理者的作用是作为变革代理人责任提供预见性和能量越来越多的员工要授权领导人的合作者和促进者“解锁的潜力”全体员工POST-PROGRESSIVE LEADERSHIPNew forms of leadership are emergingExplore leadership beyond business and profit marginsGoal is to change the basic fabric of the leadership relationshipSocial change leadershipRisk leadershipPost-progressive领导新的领导方式出现探索领导业务和利润空间目标是改变基本结构的领导关系社会变革领导风险领导SUMMARYHistory is important in order to avoid prior mistak