英语中有些动词所表示的动作瞬间便可完成.doc

非延续性动词 文/杨学军 郭晓伟英语中有些动词所表示的动作瞬间便可完成,我们一般把它们看成非延续性动词，例如：come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,die ,get up 等，它们不能和for和since引导的时间状语连用。如：1、吉姆回来一个月了。2、李华参军三年了。由于受汉语习惯的影响，上述句子往往被错误地翻译成：1、Jim has come back for a month. 2.Li Hua has joined the army for three years.针对这种情况，这类“非延续性动词+一段时间状语”的句子可以用下面三种方法来表示：一、一般过去时+一段时间+ago Jim came back a month ago. Li Hua joined the army three years ago.二、延续性动词+时间状语 Jim has been back for a month. Li Hua has been a soldier for three years.三、It is +时间名词短语+since从句（从句的时态一般用过去时）It is a month since Jim came back.It is three years since Li Hua joined the army.又如：他离开英国三年了。He has been away from England foe three years./He left England three years ago./Its three years since he left England.不能说：He has left England for three years .再如：我买这台电脑五年了。I bought the computer five years ago ./Ive had the computer for five years ./It is five years since I bought the computer.不能说：Ive bought the computer for five years.常见的非延续性动词变成延续性动词的方法是：begin-be on ,open-be open, go there-be there ,come back-be back ,leave-be away from, buy-have ,join -be in ,die-be dead .边讲边练：1.Hurry up! The film_for ten minutes.A.has been on B.began C.had begun D.has begun （2006辽宁）2.-Im sorry that you have waited for me so long. -Oh,never mind. I_here only a few minutes. A.have come B.have been C.have gone (2006 贵州黔东南州)3.-They say theres a new restaurant nearby. -Yes,and it _for no more than a week. A.has been open B.opens C.is opening D.is opened （2006河北）4.I_here since I was born.A.have come B.have been C.had been (2006 四川内江)5.Some foreigners_Kaili for years.They make some friends here. A.have been in B.have gone to C.have been to （ 2006贵州黔东南州课改区）6.The woman with two children_near one and a half hours. A.have left B.has left C.have been away D.has been away (2006湖北荆门)7.I _the nice watch for two years. A.have bought B.have had C.had D. bought (2006湖北岳阳)8.-How long _the film KING KONG_? -For just several minutes. A.did,begin B.has ,begun C.has,been on （2006哈尔滨）9. I_to Canada twice. Its so beautiful.A.wont go B.have gone C.dont go D.have been (2006重庆市) 10.-How long have you _? -Since 1990. A.bought the MP3 B.joined the Party C.become a mildfield