翻译硕士近义词词汇辨析汇总1.doc

翻译硕士近义词词汇辨析汇总1aware, consciousaware, conscious的用法aware a.知道的，意识到的，强调感官对外界事物的意识。He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。Yon can only humbug those who are not aware of your tricks.你只能欺骗还不清楚你的伎俩的那些人。And we have to be aware of that, and not let it control us.我们必须意识到这一点，而不是让它控制我们。I need not press the urgency of the matter on you, as I konw you are fully aware of it yourselves.我无需向你们强调此事的急迫性，因为我知道，你们自己对此完全了解。conscious a.有意识的，意识到的，一般指内心所意识到的。The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。Or, should I say, a more conscious version of me.不然，我应该说，我有了一种更清醒的认识。Except for the difference that he is conscious, and that is why he is absurd.但是不同的是，他是有意识的，这是他为什么荒谬的原因。They may not be conscious of it though, so their comments come across as complaints rather than requests.他们也许自己都没意识到，所以他们的意见听起来更像抱怨而不是请求。base, foundation, groundbase, foundation, ground这一组名词都有“基础”的意思。base n.指具体的有形的基础，也可指物体的底部、基部；基地，总部。They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。foundation n.本义指建筑物的地基，含有坚实的基础的意思；基金会。The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。ground n.地面，土地，也指地域，水底，海底。A snake wormed on the wet ground.一条蛇在潮湿的地上慢慢爬行。The crane lifted the heavy stone from the ground.起重机把沉重的石头从地上吊了起来。I heaved him up and then put him down on the ground lightly.我奋力把他举了起来，然后又把他轻轻地放到了地上。basic, elementary, fundamentalbasic, elementary, fundamental的用法basic a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学With a funny rate that contains all the elementary rate constants as part of it.一个有趣的速率包含所有基本的速率常数,作为它的一部分。My little sister, Becky, was born that year, and I started Year One at Winston Elementary, near the military base.我的妹妹，贝琪，在那年出生了，而我则开始在离军方基地不远的温斯顿小学上一年级。All this is so elementary that one would blush to state it if it were not being constantly forgotten by those who coin and circulate the new slogans.所有这些实在是太基本了，如果不是因为那些杜撰和传播新口号的人一再忘记这些的话，在这里都不好意思再提。fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。We should direct our attention at the fundamental question.我们应把注意力集中在这个基本问题。This decision represents the fundamental interests of the people.这个决定反映了广大人民的根本利益。Independence and sovereign equality among states is a fundamental principle of international law.国家的独立和主权平等， 是国际法上的一项根本原则。beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneerbeam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer这一组都有“笑”的意思，而它们之间的差别也是明显的。beam v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为“微笑”，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。chuckle v. (书面语)吃吃的笑,抿嘴笑,轻声笑,多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。giggle v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walked into their classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。grin v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。jeer v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。laugh v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。roar v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。sneer v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplexbewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex这一组词都有“迷惑”的意思。bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。confuse v.一般用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。perplex v.使杂乱，使疑虑，使不安。The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。blame, condemn, reproach, scoldblame, condemn, reproach, scold这一组动词都有“责怪”的意思。blame v.责怪，把归咎于。You cant blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。reproach v. (书面语)责备，表示不满。His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。Do not reproach yourself, it was not your fault.不要责备你自己，这不是你的过错。I have nothing either to hope or fear, and nothing to reproach him with.我既没有什么奢望，也没有什么担心，更没有什么要责备他的地方。Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach.这样，我们也当出到营外就了他去，忍受他所受的凌辱。scold v.责骂，训斥。Dont scold him; it is not his fault.不要骂他， 这不是他的错。Hes too angry to hold on to himself not to scold.他太生气了，甚至控制不住自己大骂了起来。Dont take any notice of the boy. If you scold him, hell only start acting up.不要理那孩子， 你要是责骂他， 他反倒会开始调皮捣蛋。blunder, error, mistakeblunder, error, mistake这一组词都表示“错误”。blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。But he made an awful blunder.但他犯了一个糟糕的大错误。And in Brazil there is always the possibility of a scandal or blunder.而且，巴西一直存在发生丑闻或捅出大漏子的可能性。Sadly, we are still living with the consequences of that moral and strategic blunder.可悲的是，我们仍然要容忍那些道德和战略大错的后果。error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也可指智力或道义上的错误。The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。How can she explain away her error?她是怎样把错误解释过去的?The accident was caused by human error.这一事故是人为错误造成的。The lawyer parted error from crime for him in court.在法庭上律师把他的错误与罪行区分开来。mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。She blasted to make him admit his mistake.她激烈批评使他承认自己的错误。He compounded his mistake by arguing with the teacher.他与老师争吵就更加重了他的错误。One should not plead inexperience in excuse of his mistake.一个人不应该借口缺乏经验来为其错误辩解。brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalidbrittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid这一组形容词都有“弱”的意思。brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。He s feeling a bit fragile after last nights party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也