有机化学专业名词.doc

化合物名称Oxygen ksidn 【氧】Nitrogen naitrdn 【氮】Hydrogen haidrudn 【氢】Urea juri【尿素】Thiourea aiujuri【硫脲】Guanidine gwndi:n【胍】Amidine midi:n【脒】Enamine inmin【烯胺】Furan fjurn【呋喃】Imidazole imidzul【咪唑】Imineimi:n【亚胺】Imideimaid【酰亚胺】Lactamlktm【内酰胺】Lactonelktun【内酯】Ether i:【醚】Esterest【脂】Carobohydratek:buhaidreit【碳水化合物】Acetal sitl【缩醛】dichloromethane daikl:rmeein【二氯甲烷】sulfone slfun 【砜】sulfoxide slfksaid【亚砜】chloroform kl(:)rf:m【氯仿】acidify sidifai【酸化】saturated streitid【饱和的】sodium bicarbonate baik:bnit【碳酸氢钠】sodium carbonate【碳酸钠】Ketoneki:tun【酮】Aldehydeldihaid【醛】enoli:nl【烯醇】Enone i:nn【烯酮】Dioxane daiksein【二噁烷】Acetone situn【丙酮】Ethyl acetate siteit【乙酸乙酯】Petroleum pitrulim ether【石油醚】n-hexane heksein【正己烷】thiophene aifi:n 【噻吩】Glycine glaisi:n【氨基乙酸】Glycoside glaiksaid【糖苷】thionylainil chloride【氯化亚砜】Sulfurslf【硫】Proton prutn【质子】sodium borohydride b:rhaidraid【硼氢化钠】lithium liim 【锂】aluminum lju:minjm 【铝】sodium hydride haidraid 【氢化钠】glycolglaikl 【乙二醇】glycerolglisrl；glycerin glisrin 【甘油，丙三醇】Formicfmik acid 【甲酸】Chloroformatekl:rf:meit【氯甲酸脂】acetic sitik acid 【乙酸】acetic anhydridenhaidraid 【乙酸酐】trifluoroacetate traiflursiteit【三氟乙酸酯（或盐）】anhydrousnhaidrs【无水的】magnesiummgni:zjm sulfateslfeit【硫酸镁】potassiumptsim hydroxide haidrksaid【氢氧化钾】sodium azide eizaid【叠氮化钠】hydroxylhaidrksil groups 【羟基】alkanelkein【烷烃】alkenelki:n【烯烃】alkynelkain【炔烃】halogenhldn【卤素】halidehlaid【卤化物】fluorinefluri:n【氟】fluorinationflu:rinein【氟代】chlorinekl:ri:n【氯】chlorinationkl:rinein【氯代】brominebrumi:n【溴】bromination bruminein【溴代】iodineaidain【碘】iodinationaidinein【碘代】linearlini【直链的】sulfonationslfnein【磺化】chloromethylationkl:rmeilein【氯甲基化】nitrationnaitrein【硝化】reductionridkn 【还原】oxidationksidein 【氧化】chlorosulfonation klurslfnein【氯磺化】alkylation lkilei()n【烷基化】acylationsilei()n 【酰化作用】acrylic krilik acid 【丙烯酸】phosphorus fsfrs 【磷】phosphorous fsfrs tribromidetraibrumaid【三溴化磷】phosphorus oxychloride ksikl:raid【三氯氧磷】condensed sulfuric slfjurik acid【浓硫酸】fuming nitric naitrik acid【发烟硝酸】poly phosphoric fsfrik acid 【多聚磷酸】acid chloride【酰氯】amide maid【酰胺】aminemin 【胺】ammonia munj【氨（水）】oxime ksi:m【肟】Methanol menl【甲醇】Methyl meil【甲基】Methoxyl meksil【甲氧基】Ethanol enl【乙醇】Ethyl eil【乙基】Triethylamine traielmi:n【三乙胺】aniline nili:n【苯胺】 hydrazinehaidrzi:n【肼】hydrazidehaidrzi:n【酰肼】hydrazonehaidrzun【腙】 nitrile naitrail【腈】 borane burein 【硼烷】Sodium Hydrosulfite haidruslfait【连二亚硫酸钠、保险粉】sodium thiosulfate aiuslfeit【硫代硫酸钠】Epoxide epksaid【环氧化物】Olefin ulfin【烯烃】Acetylene setili:n【乙炔】Oxalic acid kslik【草酸】Alkaline lklain【碱】Isocynate aisusaineit【异氰酸酯(或盐)】Isothiocynate aisuaiusaineit【异硫氰酸酯】Carbamate k:bmeit【氨基甲酸酯(或盐)】Anisole nisul【苯甲醚】Aziridine【氮杂环丙烷】epoxyethane epksiein【环氧乙烷】Hypochlorite haipukl:rait 【次氯酸盐】Enzyme enzaim【酶】Guanine gw:ni:n【鸟嘌呤】Leadli:d acetatesiteit【醋酸铅】Molecular mulekjulsievesiv【分子筛】Morphinem:fi:n【吗啡】Cocainekkein【可卡因】Morpholinem:fli:n【吗啡啉】Nitromethanenaitrmeein【硝基甲烷】Oligosaccharideliguskraid【寡糖】Ortho-【邻-，正-，原-】Meta-met【间-, 偏-，次-】Para-pr【对-，仲-，副-】Polymerizationplimraizein【聚合】Phthalimidelimaid【邻苯二甲酰亚胺】Seleniumsili:nim【硒】Ultrasonicationltrsnikein【超声作用】Sulfonamide【slfnmaid】【磺酰胺】Sulfonylslfnilchloride【磺酰氯】Peptide peptaid【肽】Barbituric brbitjurik acid【巴比妥酸】Thiocyanateaiusaineit【硫氰酸酯】Thiolate aiuleit【硫醇脂(或盐)】Transesterification trnssterfikein【酯交换】Intramolecular intrmlekjul【分子内的】Intermolecular int:mlekjul【分子间的】Orthoformatefmeit 【原甲酸脂】Esterificationesterifikein【酯化】Zinczik 【锌】triflatetrifleit【三氟甲磺酸酯（或盐）】Bulkyblki【体积较大的】Quaternisationkwtnaisein【季铵盐化】Benzylicbenzilik【苄基】benzyloxy benzilksi【苄氧基的】Carbanion k:bnain【碳负离子】Carbocation k:bkein【碳正离子】Dipoledaipul【偶极】Electron rich【富电子】Electron deficency【缺电子】Electron donating group【供电基】Electron withdrawing group【吸电基】Steroidstirid【甾族化合物】i-Propanolprupnl【异丙醇】n-Butanolbjutnul【正丁醇】benzoyl benzuil peroxide prksaid【过氧化苯甲酰】sodium nitrite naitrait【亚硝酸钠】diazonium daizunimsalt【重氮盐】azomethane zumeein【偶氮甲烷】phenyl fenl【苯基】salicylate slisileit【水杨酸酯（或盐）】nitromethane naitrmeein【硝基甲烷】benzoic benzuik acid 【苯甲酸】anthranilic nrnilik acid【邻氨基苯甲酸】benzyl benzil 【苄基】toluene tljui:n 【甲苯】xylene zaili:n【二甲苯】cuprous kju:prs cyanidesainaid【氰化亚铜】Sodium Citrate sitrit【柠檬酸钠】Dimethyl sulfideslfaid【二甲硫醚】Brine brain【盐水】Triphenylphosphine traifenlfsfi:n oxide ksaid 【三苯氧磷】Phenol fi:nl【苯酚】Irradiation ireidiein【光照】Radical rdikl initiator iniieit【自由基引发剂】Decarboxylation dik:bkslein【脱羧】Phosgenefzdi:n【光气】Triphosgene【三光气】Carbonic k:bnik acid 【碳酸】cadmium kdmim oxide氧化镉calcium klsim chloride【氯化钙】Tin(II) chloride【二氯化锡】Nickel nikl 镍Palladium pleidim【钯】Carbonyl k:bnil【羰基】Carboxylic k:bksilik 【羧基的】Organometallic:gnumitlik【有机金属的】quinoxaline kwinksli:n【喹喔啉】quinoline kwinli:n【喹啉】isoquinoline【异喹啉】indole indul【吲哚】indazole indzul【吲唑】carbazole k:bzul【咔唑】pyridine piridi:n【吡啶】pyrimidinepirimidi:n【嘧啶】pyrrole pirul【吡咯】pyrolidinepirulidi:n 【四氢吡咯】piperidine piperidi:n【哌啶】piperazine piperzi:n【哌嗪】一般专业词汇Route raut【路线】Strategy strtidi【策略】Rearrangement ri:reindmnt【重排】Asymmetric eisimetrik【不对称】Migration maigrein【迁移】Mechanism meknizm【机理】Substrate sbstreit【底物、培养基】Synthesis sinisis【合成】Labile leibail【不稳定的】Azeotropic zi:trpik【共沸的】Scheme ski:m【图示】Derivative dirivtiv【衍生物】Analogous nlgs【类似物】Primary praimri【伯-】Secondary sekndri【仲-】Tertiary t:ri【叔-】Functional fknl group【官能团】Catalyst ktlist 【催化剂】Catalysis ktlisis【催化（作用）】Catalytical ktlitikl 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis haidrudnlsis【氢化】Hydrogenous haidrdins 【含氢的】pericyclic perisaiklik reaction【周环反应】transition trnzin state 【过渡态】homolysis hmlisis 【均裂】heterolysis hetrlisis 【异裂】homogeneous hmudi:njs【均相的】heterogeneous hetrudi:nis 【非均相的】Steric sterik hindrancehindrns 【立体位阻】Lipophilic lipfilik 【亲脂性的】chiral kairl 【手性的】electrophileilektrfail 【亲电试剂】nucleophilic nju:kliufilik 【亲核的】hydrolysis haidrlisis 【水解(作用)】acidolysis sidlisis 【酸解(作用)】displacement displeismnt 【取代】formalin f:mlin 【甲醛溶液】dilute dailju:t 【稀释】dehydrate di:haidreit 【脱水】dilation dailein【膨胀】saponification spnifikein【皂化】emulsification imlsifikein 【乳化】reactant ri:ktnt【反应物】adduct dkt【加合物】dissolve dizlv【溶解】degradation degrdein【降解】mild maild【（反应）温和的】harsh h: 【（反应）苛刻的】racemic rsi:mik【消旋的】substituent sbstitjunt【取代基】conjugation kndugein【偶和】equivalent ikwivlnt【当量的】volatile vltail【易挥发的】susceptible sseptbl【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease prutieis【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy impjuriti【杂质】Component kmpunnt【组分】Tare t【去皮】Syringe sirind【注射器】Concentrate knsentreit【浓缩】Aqueous eikwis【水相（的）】Methodology medldi【方法学】Precursor pri(:)k:s 【前体】Separation seprein【分离】Purification pjurifikein【纯化】Recrystallization rikristlaizein【重结晶】Crystalline kristlain【晶体】Distillation distilein【蒸馏】Sublimation sblimein 【升华】Microwave maikruweiv【微波】Infrared infrred【红外】ultraviolet ltrvailit active【紫外显色】isotope aisutup 【同位素】isomer aism 【同分异构体】Isomerization aismraizein【异构化】Transformation trnsfmein【转化】Stability stbiliti【稳定性】Poisoned piznd【中毒的】Filter filt【过滤器】Filtration filtrein【过滤】Filtrate filtreit【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】Eluent eljunt【淋洗液】Thin-layer-chromatography krumtgrfi TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative priprtiv TLC【制备薄层色谱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】LC-MS【液质联用仪】Protic prutik【质子的】Aproticprutik 【非质子的】Decompose di:kmpuz【分解】Removal rimu:vl【除去】Reduced ridju:st pressure 【减压】Vacuum vkjum 【真空】Elimination iliminein【消除】Addition din【添加、加成】Ligand laignd【配体】Stopper stp【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Bchner funnel fnl【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】Run column【用柱层析分离】Stopcock stpkk 【旋塞阀】Condenser kndens【冷凝管】Chamber teimb【（薄层用）展缸】Bench bent 【实验台】Hood hud 【通风橱】Rotavapor rutveip【旋蒸】Evaporation ivprein 【蒸发】vacuum hose huz【真空管】silicon silikn oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink sik【水槽】neutralize nju:trlaiz 【中和】stir bar 【搅拌子】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox glvbks【手套箱】vacuum pump pmp【真空泵】spatula sptjul 【刮刀】miscible misibl【混溶的】Quench kwent【淬灭】Purging p:di【鼓气】Titration taitrein【滴定】Trituration tritjurein【研磨】Dessicator desike