ratherthan用法讲解.doc

rather than用法rather than可以作介词，并列连词和从属连词。1) 用作介词其后接代词、名词和动名词。Rather than a new car, he bought a color television.他买了一台彩电，而没买新轿车。Why didnt you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?你干吗非得自己干，而不请人帮忙？We ought to check up, rather than just accepting what he says.我们应该检查一下，而不是只接受他所说的话。Their actions precipitated the war rather than averting it.他们的行为不是阻止战争，而是加速战争。A friend in need is a friend indeed.The message here is that someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than turning their back, is a true friend.“患难朋友才是真正的朋友。”这里的意思是说帮助你共渡难关的人才是真正的朋友，而不是那些拒绝帮助的人。2) 用作并列连词常用于平等结构，可接名称、形容词、谓语动词、状语、非谓语动词、从句等不同的词项或结构。I like peaches rather than apples.我喜欢吃桃而不喜欢吃苹果。（接名词）John ought to go rather than Jean是约翰应该去，而不是琼（应该去）。（接名词）The Shoes are comfortable rather than pretty这双鞋与其说漂亮，不如说穿起来舒适。（接形容词）She telephoned rather than wrote.她打了电话而没有写信。（接动词）For 30 years, employers have been hiring graduates for their degrees rather than(their)abilities.30年来，雇主们在雇人时从学位出发，而不是从能力出发。（接状语）He wanted to sunbathe rather than(to)swim.他宁愿晒日光浴也不去游泳。（接不定式）He was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper.他正忙着写东西，而不是在读报纸。（接名词）Pin the Tail on the Donkey is always fun when youre watching rather than pinning.当你在观看而不是在参与“为驴安尾”这种游戏时，你会发现真是太有趣了。（接现在分词）It is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应受到嘲笑。（接过去分词）It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.真正使我生气的不是他说的话而是他的意图。 （接what引导的名词性从句）上述例句中rather than两边多是相同的语法形式或结构，但有时也不尽然，如下列例句：I think she hurt my feelings deliberately rather than by accident as she claimed.我认为她故意伤害我的感情，而并非像她所说的是出于无意。He resigned rather than take part in such a dishonest transaction.他宁愿辞职，也不愿参与这种欺诈交易。（如上句中的take变为took，则不再表示强烈取舍欲望，而强调行为。意为：他辞去了职务而没有参与这项欺诈交易。）3)用作从属连词a.引导选择状语从句(adverbial clause of preference)或选优分句(clause of preference)表示主观上选优。主句表示喜欢做的事（主句常用would, prefer, like等），从句则表示不喜欢做的事。谓语用不带to的不定式，强调强烈的取舍欲望，译作：“宁可决不”。从句多位于主句前。Rather than travel by air, Id prefer a week on a big liner.我宁愿在大客轮上呆一星期而不愿乘飞机旅行。Rather than go there by air, Id take the slowest train.我宁愿坐最慢的火车，也不乘飞机去那里。Rather than/Sooner than follow his lead, Id strike out on my own.我宁愿跟着他干，也不愿独立谋生。当主句中有would, should时，可将位于句末的 rather than从句中的rather转移到主句中去：Id rather take the slowest train than go there by air.我宁愿做最慢的火车，也不乘飞机去那里。有时从句也可以有自己的主语（情况极少）；有时从句和表“推定”情景意义的should连用：Rather than you say anything, I would speak to the manager myself.我宁愿亲自跟经理谈，你任何事也别谈。Rather than she should feel lonely, her friends arranged to take her with them on the trip.她的朋友宁愿安排她同他们一起去旅行，好让她不感到寂寞。b. 引导比较状语从句(adverbial clause of com parison)该从句表示同主句的内容进行比较，即同主句中的其他任何成分比较，有时也可同整个主句进行比较。从句中的谓语动词通常不用否定式，一般用 (should)型虚拟式。从句多位于主句后，也可位于主句前。其结构形式为“rather than + that.”I will help you rather than that you(should)have any trouble.我会帮助你，不会让你遇到任何麻烦。I would do anything rather than that he should get hurt.我将尽我所能不让他受到伤害。I should thank you rather than that you thank me.与其你感谢我，还不如我感谢你。Rather than that you should go, I will go myself.与其让你去，还不如我自己去。比较重要rather than 用法小结rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“宁愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：Shed rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：(1) 连接两个名词或代词He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2) 连接两个形容词The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。(4) 连接两个分句We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。(5) 连接两个不定式I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。(6) 连接两个动词He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿而不愿 ”解。would rather的用法一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。If youd rather be alone, well all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。Hed rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿而不愿，与其宁可”的意思时，则可用would ratherthan或wouldrather than的句型例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。请注意 1） would ratherthan/wouldrather than也可以颠倒为：rather thanwould。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。He would rather drink wine than beer 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。2)使用would ratherthan句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would ratherthan中的would要放在主语之前例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿,还是 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)Wed rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。请注意 1） 如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。例 He p