牛津英语9AUnit2重点词汇短语讲练.doc

9A Unit 2 Colours (词汇短语)一、重点词汇解析1. sleep & sleepy & sleeping & asleepsleep既可作动词，又可作名词，意为“睡觉，睡眠”。如：I didnt have a good sleep last night. / I didnt sleep well last night. 我昨晚睡得不好。sleepy作形容词，意为“瞌睡的，想睡觉的，困倦的”，在句中既可作定语，又可作表语。如：Look! What a sleepy child he is! 瞧，他是一个多么瞌睡的孩子啊！After walking a long way, I felt sleepy a lot. 走了很长一段路之后，我感到非常困倦。sleeping是形容词，意为“睡觉的，用于睡眠的，与睡眠有关的”，在句中只能作定语。如：Id like to take a sleeping car on the train. 我想乘卧铺火车。asleep是形容词，意为“睡着的，在睡觉的”，在句中只能作表语。be asleep表示“睡着的”；fall asleep表示“入睡，睡着”。如：Were you asleep or awake when I opened the door? 我开门时，你睡着了还是醒着呢？Its too hot for me to fall asleep. 太热了，我睡不着。【练一练】用sleep, sleepy, sleeping或asleep填空。Take the _ pills, and you will fall _ soon.The teacher asked the _ child to stand for some time.The man downstairs found it difficult to get to _.2. calm【解析】calm作形容词，意为“平静的；冷静的，沉着的”。如：After the storm, it became calm again. 暴风雨过后，天气又恢复平静。You must keep calm when you are in danger. 处于危险时，你一定要镇静。calm作及物动词，意为“使平静/冷静”；作不及物动词，意为“平静/镇定下来”。calm down也可表示“平静/镇定下来”。如：He soon calmed the barking dog. 他马上使吠叫的狗安静下来。At last, the wild wind calmed down. 狂风终于平息了。calm还可作名词，意为“平静(的)”。如：There was a calm on the sea. 海上风平浪静。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。平静的湖水引起了我们去游泳的兴趣。The _ _ in the lake invited us to swim.护士们竭力使那个焦灼的病人平静下来。The nurses tried their best _ _ the anxious patient.让孩子们静一静，他们太兴奋了。Try to _ _ _ _. They are too excited.3. affect & influenceaffect和influence都可作及物动词，在表示对人或事物的影响时，意思接近。它们的区别是：affect常指有形力量造成的物质或心理上的影响，侧重“影响”的动作，指一时的“影响”。当宾语是health或表示身体某部分的词语时，常指“对产生不良影响”；当宾语是人时，指对人的心智和情感发生作用，使之产生感情波动。如：Smoking can affect your health. 吸烟会影响你的健康。The rise in the price has affected all of them. 物价的上涨影响了他们所有的人。influence常指无形力量所造成的潜移默化的、特久的影响，尤指感情或态度上的影响。这种影响往往是间接的，是通过说服或实际行动树立榜样而对他人产生影响。如：Her words wont affect my decision. 她的话不会影响我的决定。No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。【练一练】用affect或influence填空。The noise from the street _ my work.The couple is similar in characteristics in some ways. Perhaps they _ each other.The American film made the people deeply _.4. require【解析】require作及物动词，意为“需要，要求”。主要用法有：后接名词或代词；后接带动词不定式的复合宾语，即require sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“要求某人(不)做某事”；后接that引导的宾语从句。如：The old people require much more care and love. 老人需要更多的关爱。True friendship requires us to show trust and loyalty. 真正的友谊需要我们表现出信任与忠诚。The situation required that we (should) stay there. 当时的情况要求我们留在那儿。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。解决这个问题需要大量的时间。To solve this problem _ a lot of time.老师要求我们在两小时内完成试卷。The teacher _ _ _ _ the paper within two hours.5. discover & inventdiscover意为“发现，发觉”，常指通过调查等发现本来已经存在，但尚未被人了解、认识或挖掘到的事物。如：Coal was first discovered and used in China. 中国人首先发现并使用了煤。The police discovered an iron box hidden under the floor. 警方发现地下藏着一个铁盒子。invent意为“发明”，指通过思考、实验和研究等创造了前所未有的事物。此外，invent还有“虚构，编造”之意。如：Edison invented the electric lamp. 爱迪生发明了电灯。They invented an excuse for being late. 他们编造了一个迟到的理由。【练一练】用discover或invent的适当形式填空。They _ a new oil field in North China last year.Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876.6. promise【解析】promise作及物动词，意为“允诺，答应”。promise (sb.) to do sth. 表示“答应(某人)做某事”。如：I have promised Nancy to attend her birthday party. 我已经答应南希去参加她的生日聚会了。promise还可作可数名词，意为“承诺，诺言”。make a promise表示“许下诺言”；keep a promise表示“遵守诺言”。如：I have made a promise to visit my aunt next summer holiday. 我已经许诺下个暑假去看望姑妈。You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守你的诺言。【练一练】根据汉语提示，完成句子。你必须答应我好好休息一下。You must _ _ _ _ a good rest.我已经许诺明天上午八点钟到那儿。I have _ _ _ that Ill be there at 8:00 tomorrow morning.7. success & successful & successfullysuccess是名词，意为“成功”。如：As students, working hard is the key to success. 作为学生，努力学习是成功的关键。successful是形容词，意为“成功的”，由名词success加上后缀-ful构成。 be successful in doing sth. 表示“成功做某事”。如：They were successful in solving the problem. 他们成功地解决了这个难题。successfully是副词，意为“成功地”，由形容词successful加上后缀-ly构成，在句中作状语。如：I was very happy that I finished my job successfully. 我很高兴顺利地完成了我的工作。【练一练】根据句意及汉语提示写单词。Our performance was _ (成功的).Mr Wang is a great _ (成功) as a teacher.They went across the river _ (成功地).8. advise【解析】advise作及物动词，意为“建议”，用于以下两种结构：advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”；advise sb. + 疑问词 + to do。如：Our teacher advises us to read English aloud every morning. 我们老师建议我们每天早晨大声读英语。My parents often advise me what to do on Sunday. 我父母常建议我星期天做什么。【知识链接】advise的名词形式是advice。give sb. some advice表示“给某人提建议”。如：Could you please give me some good advice? 请你给我提一些好建议好吗？【练一练】根据句意及首字母提示写单词。The doctor a _ her to take a good rest.Let me give you a piece of a_.9. free【解析】free作形容词，有“空闲的，(空间；房屋)空余的，自由的，免费的”的意思，在句中可作表语或定语。如：Are you free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗？Is there a single room free in your hotel? 你们旅馆有单人空房吗？The prisoner wished to be free again. 囚犯想重新获得自由。Admission is free for children under eight. 八岁以下的孩子免费入场。【知识链接】be free表示“有空的”，与be busy“忙碌的”意思相反。如：The line is busy! 电话占线！【练一练】选词填空。Are you _ (free / busy) for the lunch with me tomorrow?Children are very _ (free / busy). They have little time to do what they like.二、词性变化1. would rather 后接动词原形，否定形式为：_ 2. sleepy adj. _ v. _ adj. 3. relaxed adj. _ vt. -_adj. 4. satisfied adj. _ vt. (be pleased with) -_adj.7. growth n. _vi. 8. physical adj. _ n.9. strength n. _adj. 10. heat n. _ adj. 11. difficulty n. _ adj. 12. decision n. _ vt.13. successfully adv. _ adj. _ n. - _ vi. be successful _ doing sth.14. promise vt. & n. promise _ (do) sth.15. advise vt. _ n. 16. thought n. _ vt. _adj. 17. protection n. _ vt. 18. warmth n. _ adj. 三、 重点词组1.宁愿做事情1而不愿做事情2would rather do sth.1 than do sth.22宁愿prefer = like better； 宁愿（不）做某事prefer (not) to do sth.宁愿某人（不）做某事prefer sb. (not) to do sth.宁愿做事情1而不愿做事情2 prefer to do sth. 1 rather than do sth.2喜欢A，而不喜欢B prefer A to B = like A better than B (其中A、B必须为名词、代词或动名词（短语）)3使某人想起某事remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. to do sth.4一个充满色彩的世界a world (full of colours)5被漆成蓝色be painted blue 6产生和谐感create the feeling/sense of harmony 7纯洁/智慧的颜色the colour of purity/wisdom 8感到焦虑不安/疲劳/放松feel stressed/tired/relaxed 9让某人高兴起来cheer sb. up (代词放中间)10对.感到满意be satisfied/pleased/contented with.11对精神和身体(身心)有好处be good for the mind and body12给你带来成功bring you success 13装饰我的方案decorate my project 14使我们感到高兴make us feel happy 15有一点儿焦虑不安a little bit stressed 16做某事有困难have difficulty (in) doing sth. = have difficulty with sth.17采取行动(做某事)take action(s） (to do sth.)18决定(做某事)make a decision（to do sth.）19为考试学习study for exams 20把油擦在人们的头上rub oil into peoples heads 21最能代表best represent 22在测试中取得高分get good marks in the tests 23多虑worry a lot 24有很强的个性have a strong personality 25平静下来calm down 26保证你成功promise you success 答应某人某事promise sb. sth. 答应（某人）做某事promise (sb.) to do sth. promise + that宾从27在试衣室in the fitting room 28离.很远be far (away) from.29有一个秘密的朋友have a secret friend 30心情很好/差be in a good/bad mood 31举动正常act normally 32想不到任何（能够交谈的）人cant think of anyone (to talk to )33把卡片涂成桔黄色colour the card orange 34颜色疗法colour therapy 35色彩的力量the power of color 36将某物取回来get sth. back （代词放中间）37大学毕业leave college 38穿在某人身上很好看look good on sb. 穿红色很好看look good in red 39黑色/苍白皮肤的人people with dark/pale skin 40金发blonde hair 41给你快乐和满足感give you a happy and contented feeling 42寄/送给某人一张电子卡片send sb. an e-card=send an e-card to sb. 43（生活在寒冷气候下的）人们people（who live in cold climates）44打电话给某人give sb. a call/ring.=ring/call sb. up =telephone/phone/ring/call sb = make phone calls to sb.45给某人建议give advice to sb.=give sb. advice 向某人征求意见ask sb. for advice46整个下午all the afternoon = the whole afternoon47穿着.衣服wear = be in = get/be dressed in48.感到有一点点焦虑不安feel a little bit stressed四、根据汉语提示补全下列句子。1. Bad weather can _(影响我们的心情).2. Good environment _(对我们的身心有益).3. I like orange in winter because it is _(暖色之一).4. Do you know what colour _(代表新生命和成长)?5. This photo _(使我想起了我的老朋友). 6. Dancers need a lot of _(体力) to dance. 7. Do you _(找到去那儿的路有困难)? 8. Hard work, right ways and less empty talk can _(给你带来成功). 9. She is an excellent student. She always _(在测试中得到好成绩).10. I _(更喜欢喝加糖的咖啡). What about you? Keys: 1. sleeping; asleep sleepy sleep 2. calm water to calm calm the children down 3. affected influenced affected 4. requires requires us to finish / requires that we finish 5. discovered invented 6. promise me to have made a promise 7. successful success successfully 8. advised advice 9. free busy二、词性变化1. would rather 后接动词原形，否定形式为： would rather not do 2. sleepy adj. sleep v. asleep adj. 3. r