动词不定式考点分析.doc

动词不定式考点分析在非谓语动词中动词不定式在历年的四级、六级和考研中出现的频率是非常高的。熟练掌握不定式的基本语法规则和通常考点，对迎接各种考试会有裨益。考点 1：不定式作定语 重点语法规则 1. 下列名词与不定代词后常要求不定式作定语：way, time, occasion, opportunity, something, nothing, little, much, a lot, somewhere, reason, place, power, method, chance, fun, honor, pityI have the honor to inform you that you have passed the CET-6 exam. 我荣幸地通知你，你六级考试通过了。Man still has a lot to learn about the brain. 对于大脑人类还有很多要学的东西。2. 名词被序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the等修饰时：He is always the last one to leave the office. 他总是最后一个离开办公室。This is the third case of smallpox to occur in the town. 这是镇上会出现的第三例天花病。I dont think he is the best man to do the job. 我认为他不是做这个工作的最好人选。3. 能带不定式结构作宾语的动词转化为名词时：I have no wish to quarrel with you.我不希望和你争吵。请比较：I dont wish to quarrel with you.此类名词需要掌握的有：attempt, decision, demand, desire, failure, offer, promise, wish, plan, permission, refusal, determination, pressure, inclination4. 一些带不定式结构作定语的形容词转化为名词时：His anxiety to go was obvious. 他急着想要走是很显然的。请比较：He was obviously anxious to go.此类名词需要掌握的有：(in)ability, anxiety, ambition, capacity, eagerness, reluctance, willingness, pleasure, responsibility, freedom以上这些名词通常表示抽象概念，后接作定语的不定式表示其具体内容。在这种结构中，不能用分词形式。5. 不定式作定语修饰前面的名词时，它们在逻辑上有着主谓、动宾或介宾关系：This is the best book on the subject to have appeared.这是这一学科迄今出版的最好图书。（主谓关系）He has a large family to support. 他要养活一大家子人（动宾关系）There are children to look after and a big house to take care of. 要照顾孩子和照看一所房子。（介宾关系） 6.不定式作定语一般表示将来时间： He has written a book to appear next month. 他写了一本书，下个月出版。命题陷阱与解题考生要注意：1）必须用不定式结构作定语的名词后不能用动词的其他形式来修饰； 2）不定式和它所修饰的名词是否构成主谓、动宾、介宾关系。以上两点通常是命题人布设陷阱的地方。真题实例：1998 考研第1题：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time the last bus.A to have caught B to catch C catching D having caught 答案与提示 答案选B。一般人总是把hardly had time to do sth. (几乎没有时间去做某事)与have a hard time doing sth. (做某事很不易)这两个句型相混淆。而出题者偏“哪壶不开提哪壶”。参考译文：昨天晚上我在办公室里工作到很晚，几乎没有（时间）赶上末班车。1985 考研第12题： “Where should I send my application?” “The Personnel Office is the place .”Ato send it Bsent it to Cto send it to Dfor sending it答案与提示 答案选C。不定式to send it to 作定语修饰the place, to the place 构成介宾关系。参考译文：“我应该把申请送到哪儿呢？”“要送到人事处。”1996年6月4级第68题：The project, by the end of 2000, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A) accomplished C) to be accomplished B) being accomplished D) having been accomplished答案与提示 答案选C)。介词短语by the end of 2000 是解题关键。从出题的时间1996年看，“到2000年末”是将来的时间，A)和D)都已经完成了，不行；B）正在进行，也不行；C)表示将来时间，对，就选C)了！参考译文：到2000年底将要完成的这项计划，会使这个城市的电话网用户达到1,000,000个。1997年6月4级第47题： The pressure causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A) to compete B) to be competed C) competing D) having competed答案 A)。参考译文：竞争的压力，赋予美国人旺盛的精力，但也使他们始终处于情绪紧张状态。考点2：不定式作状语重点语法规则1. 不定式作状语主要表示目的和结果；2. 为了强调不定式结构表示目的，可在不定式符号to之前加上in order 或so as。表示目的的不定式结构可以置于句首，但so as to 不能置于句首：I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. 我在冰上慢慢走，为的是不跌倒。Jane lived away from her children so as to get some peace. 简不与孩子同往，为的是寻求一点平静。3. 不定式结构表示结果常见于下列搭配：soas to, suchas to, enough(ample)to, tooto, onlytoWould you be so kind as to open the door for me? 请你给我开一下门好吗？They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头，却砸了自己的脚。He is not tall enough to reach the top shelf. 他长得不高，够不到书架顶层。4. tooto意为，“太而不能”, 具有否定意义。但在下列结构中表示肯定意义： not/never tooto, toonot to, but/only/all tooto, too ready/eager/apt/ inclined to I am not too busy to come. They are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism.他们动辄就毫不留情地批评人。 出题陷阱与解题策略 命题者一般在固定搭配上做文章，所以考生要牢固掌握要求不定式作状语的一些固定搭配，在解题时举一反三。真题实例：2000考研第2题：Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, to find it locked. A just B only C hence D thus答案与提示 答案选B。only to do 是结果状语，意为“不料，结果却”。参考译文：由于情绪非常激动，我冲到公寓，试图把门打开，不料发现门是锁着的。1999考研第8题：The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, dont have small children and get along to spend most of their time together.A so well B too well C well as D well enough答案与提示 答案选D)。enough 修饰名词时放在名词之前，修饰形容词和副词时放在他们的后面。参考译文：这个解决方案只对那样一些夫妻起作用，他们从事个体职业、没有小孩、和睦相处、大部分时间都在一起。1997考研第10题：The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly .A noticed B to be noticed C being noticed D to notice答案与提示 答案选B。本句中hardly 是半否定词，soas hardly to do 其实是soas not to的变形。参考译文：英国英语和美国英语在词汇与语法方面的差异如此微不足道，以至于难以被人注意。1989考研第7题：He is to speak the truth.A too much of a coward C so much a cowardB too much a coward D so much of a coward答案与提示 答案选 A。短语be much of a 意为“很好的，了不起的”。否定形式是be not much of a, 意为“不太好的，称不上是的”。本句tooto 有否定含义。参考译文：他太胆小了，以至于不敢讲实话。1995年1月6级第47题：The background music in an assembly line is designed .A) not being listened to C) not to be listened to B) being not listened to D) to be not listened to答案与提示 答案选C。不定式的否定形式应在不定式前加not 此外，be designed to do 表示专为某事而设计。参考译文：装配线上的背景音乐并不是专门供人们听而设计的。1995年1月4级第48题： a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.A) To become B) Become C) One becomes D) On becoming 答案与提示 答案选A)。不定式作状语表示目的时，可以放在句首。参考译文：要想成为大学教师，至少要具有硕士学位。考点3：不定式作补足语重点语法规则1. 常跟不定式作补足语的动语归纳如下：不定式不带to: see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, have, let, make不定式可带也可不带to: help, bid, know不定式一定带to: advise, cause, allow, authorize, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn不定式一定带to: arrange for, ask for, long for, prepare for, wait for, rely on不定式通常是to be: know, believe, discover, feel (=think), imagine, judge, suppose, understand, love, hate 注：consider, declare, find(=consider), prove, think 等动词后的to be 往往可以省略。但若不定式为完成式，就不能省略。例：We consider him (to be) very foolish. 我们认为他很愚蠢。命题陷阱与解题策略 命题人往往在较生僻的动词、感官动词和使役动词上设下陷阱，故考生在解题时应特别注意这些词的用法。真题实例：1996年6月6级第49题： A membership card authorizes the clubs facilities for a period of 12 months.A) the holder using C) the holder to useB) the holders use D) the holder uses 答案与提示 答案选C)。本句中的authorize 是个较生的词，加大词汇难度是近年来提高试题难度的一种办法。参考译文：会员卡准许会员使用俱乐部的设施，时间为12个月。1999年6月4级第46题：I have heard both teachers and students well of him.A) to speak B) spoken C) to have spoken D) speak答案与提示 答案选D)。一看到hear 应立即想到不外乎有三种搭配：hear sb. do sth; hear sb. doing sth; hear sth. done. 此外speak well of sb.表示赞扬某人。参考译文：我听到过老师和学生都赞扬他。1998年1月4级第44题： They are going to have the serviceman an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed答案与提示 答案选A)。一定要注意have 常考的三种搭配：have sth. (有某事，干某事)；have sb. do sth.(让某人干某事)；have sth. done (使某事被做)。参考译文：他们打算明天让维修工在办公室里安装电扇。考点4：不定式作宾语重点语法规则1. 用不定式结构作宾语的动词常考的有： afford, agree, apply, arrange, aim, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear threaten, want, wish, remain2. 用疑问词（wh-）+ 不定式 (to do) 作宾语的动词常考的有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, understand, wonder例：I expect to be back on Sunday. 我期望星期天回来。（动词宾语）Remember when to return. 记住什么时候回来。（动词宾语）Ill tell him what to do. 我会告诉他要做什么。（双宾语中的直接宾语）The problem of how to get the grand piano through the doorway baffled the workmen.如何使这个钢琴通过门廊难住了工作人员。（疑问句不定式作介词宾语）命题陷阱与解题策略 命题者倾向于在“动词疑问词不定式”上设置陷阱；on which to do 是一个重要命题点；在改错题中，本应该用不定式作宾语，但出题者故意用分词等其他形式进行干扰。所以解题时，要在以上三个方面同时注意。真题实例1999考研第7题: California has more light than it knows to do with but everything else is expensive.A how B what C which D where答案与提示 答案选B。than it knows what to do with 是比较状语从句。另一解释是将其视为定语从句，than 是关系代词，先行词more light 作with 的介词宾语。参考译文：加利福尼亚阳光充足，无以置用，而其他一切都很昂贵。1996年1月6级第61题：Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains .A) to be shown B) to have been shown C) to have shown D) being shown 答案与提示 答案选A)。remain to do sth. 意思是“有待去做但（尚未做）”。例如：Huge amounts of weapons remain to be collected. 大量武器还有待收缴。参考译文：一些人对于研究的结果持谨慎态度，指出被动吸烟和癌症之间的因果关系还有待揭示。1995年6月6级第49题： The problem of to select as his successor was quickly disposed of.A) what B) whom C) which D)how答案与提示 答案选B)。本句中whom to select是介词of 的宾语，动词短语 to be disposed of 意为“对付，解决”。 参考译文：关于选择谁来作继承人的问题很快得到了解决。1995考研第3题： The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds his argument in favour of the new theory.A which to base on C to base on whichB on which to base D which to be based on答案与提示 答案选B)。动词base的用法是：base A on (upon) B, on which to base his argument可以扩展成 on which he should base his argument. 本句中 which to base 作介词on 的宾语。参考译文：这位教授几乎无法找到充分的论据来论证支持新理论。1991年6月6级第64题: Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge our thinking.A which to be based C which to base upon B upon which to base D upon which to be based答案 B。 参考译文：没有事实，我们就不能形成有价值的观点，因为我们需要事实作为我们思想的基础。1990年1月6级第67题：The mother didnt know who for the broken glass.A) will blame B) to blame C) blamed D) blames答案与提示 答案选B)。表示“该受责备”时，用sb. is to blame, 而不用sb, is to be blamed.例如：The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. 这项政策应是造成欧洲最严重的失业状况的部份原因。参考译文：这位母亲不知道是准打碎了这块玻璃。1989年1月4级第47题：There is more land in Australia than the government knows .A) what to do with B) how to do C) to do with it D) to do it答案与提示 答案选A)。参考译文：在澳大利亚，土地资源多得连政府都不知道怎样来利用。考点5：不定式的时态和语法重点语法规则1. 不定式的一般式多表示将来的行为；进行式表示与谓语动词同时发生的行为；完成式则 表示过去发生的行为。例如： Please remember to lock the door before you leave the room. 离开房间时请勿忘锁门。 I am glad to be working with you. 我很高兴和你一起工作。 I happen to have seen the film. 我碰巧看过那部电影。2. 下列动词或动词结构经常和不定式的完成式搭配使用。Appear, happen, seem, be sorry, be thought, be believed, be reported, be said, be known, be found, be supposed, be understood, be considered例如：He seems to have bought the new book. 他似乎已经买了这本新书。 He is said to have been the best swimmer there. 据说他曾是那里最好的游泳者。3. 当不定式的逻辑主语和不定式所表示的动作是被动关系时，不定式一般要用被动态。例：She doesnt like to be treated as a guest. 她不喜欢人们把她当客人对待。To be invited to speak here is a great honour for me. 能被邀请到这里来讲话对于我来说是很大的荣幸。 命题陷阱与解题策略 不定式的完成式为出题重点，考生应熟练掌握不定式完成式的常见句型，但解题时还要注意不定式结构所跟的时间及不定式与逻辑主语的关系，从而判断到底不定式应该用进行式还是完成式、用主动态还是被动态。真题实例1993考研第2题： The local health organization is reported twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.A to be set up C to have been set up B being set up D having been set up答案C。参考译文：据报道，当地的卫生组织在25年前就成立了，当时首任会长是奥顿博士。1992考研第20题： The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A to be robbed B robbed C to have been robbed D having been robbed答案与提示 答案选C。以上两题都是be reported to have done 表示据报道过去发生了什么事。参考译文：据当地报纸报道，这家银行昨天在光天化日之下遭到了抢劫。1997年1月4级第42题：Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem all the time.A) to get worse B) to have got worse C) to be getting worse D) getting worse答案与提示 答案选 C)。seem 跟不定式的一般式、完成式或进行式均可，要根据具体情况而定。本句seem to be getting worse 意思是似乎越来越糟糕，all the time 与进行式连用表示说话人厌恶和反对的情绪。例如: It seems to be raining all day long. 这雨没完了下了一整天，真烦人。另外，当seem 后面直接跟形容词、名词、介词短语及分词时，可看作seem 后省略了to be, 如：He seemed (to be) embarrassed by the question. 参考译文：我宁愿读书，而不愿看电视。电视节目似乎是越来越糟糕。1990年1月4级第66题：Mrs. Brown is supposed for Italy last week.A) to have le