初中英语语法总结一览表.doc

初中英语语法总结一览表语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句一般现在时 动词用原形三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的动作或状态 Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。 一般-s es 辅音y-ies have-has He goes to school every day.I often have lunch at home.一般过去时 动词用过去时Bewas/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾ied go-went come-camedo-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.I studied hard last year.一般将来时 be going toV原will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或某段时要做的事 tomorrow / afternext / tonight in 2010 Go come leave stayfly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?He is coming tomorrow .现在进行时 bedoing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look nowall the time Dont 一般去e 双写+ing tie die lie 变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .They are lying on the bed .现在完成时现在完成进行 have / has +PPhave/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years. He has slept for two days. .过去进行时 was / were +doing多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterdaylast Sunday evening 一般去e 双写+ing tie die lie 变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time last Friday过去完成时 had+动过去分词多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time过去时when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 2000 wordsby the end of last year.过去将来时 would + V 原形多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .比较级形式形容副词名词 后-er 前加more名词比较用more 表示两个人、物之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾ier good/well better much/manymore She is the tall in the two.He runs faster than Tom .最高级形式形容副词名词 后-est 前加most名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the 比较范围of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾iest bad/ill/badly-worstfar-farther-farthest She is the most beautifulin her class.(最高级加the)动词不定式to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语To read is helpful for anybody now . 作宾语He wants to buy a dictionary. 作宾补I hear him sing yesterday Tom told me to open it. 作表语His job is to take care of children . 作状语Hell go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定语He has much homework to do every day .主从复合句 状语从句句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较）He was writing a letter when I came in。 宾语从句句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定语从句句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday主动结构与被动结构 主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English .主语 谓语 宾语English is spoken by us 宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾 主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被 PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )初中英语语法总结一览表语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句一般现在时 动词用原形三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的动作或状态 Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。 一般-s es 辅音y-ies have-has He goes to school every day.I often have lunch at home.一般过去时 动词用过去时Bewas/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾ied go-went come-camedo-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.I studied hard last year.一般将来时 be going toV原will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或某段时要做的事 tomorrow / afternext / tonight in 2010 Go come leave stayfly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?He is coming tomorrow .现在进行时 bedoing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look nowall the time Dont 一般去e 双写+ing tie die lie 变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .They are lying on the bed .现在完成时现在完成进行 have / has +PPhave/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years. He has slept for two days. .过去进行时 was / were +doing多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterdaylast Sunday evening 一般去e 双写+ing tie die lie 变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time last Friday过去完成时 had+动过去分词多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time过去时when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 2000 wordsby the end of last year.过去将来时 would + V 原形多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .比较级形式形容副词名词 后-er 前加more名词比较用more 表示两个人、物之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾ier good/well better much/manymore She is the tall in the two.He runs faster than Tom .最高级形式形容副词名词 后-est 前加most名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the 比较范围of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾iest bad/ill/badly-worstfar-farther-farthest She is the most beautifulin her class.(最高级加the)动词不定式to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语To read is helpful for anybody now . 作宾语He wants to buy a dictionary. 作宾补I hear him sing yesterday Tom told me to open it. 作表语His job is to take care of children . 作状语Hell go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定语He has much homework to do every day .主从复合句 状语从句句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较）He was writing a letter when I came in。 宾语从句句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定语从句句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday主动结构与被动结构 主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP +