高考英语语法复习动词时态和语态湘西州民族中学秦文鹏.ppt

高考英语语法复习课件 动词时态和语态 湘西州民族中学 秦文鹏 Lead-in True or False 1. He a student. 2. He is learn English. 3. He has finish his homework. 4. He will been study English. 5. He maked a mistake. 6. He had complete his task ahead of time. Lead-in True or False 1. He a student. 2. He is learn English. 3. He has finish his homework. 4. He will been study English. 5. He maked a mistake. 6. He had complete his task ahead of time. He is a student. is learning has finished will be studying made had completed Concept 时 态 时 式 现 在 过 去 将 来 过去将来 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 Concept 一般式 进行式完成式完成进行式 现在 过去 将来 过去 将来 以work 为例 works worked will work would work is/am/are working was/were working will be working would be working have/has worked had worked will have worked would have worked have/has been working had been working will have been working would have been working Concept work 的现在完成进行式 have/has done be doing have/has been doing Concept work 的一般将来完成进行式 will do have /has done be doing will have been doing Concept finish 的将来完成进行式的被动态 will do have/has done be doing be done will have been being finished Rules 1 1.Our maths teacher has a big nose. 2. We get up at 6:00 every morning. 客观性，经常性，永恒性 Rules 1 3. The plane for London leaves at 7:30 next Monday 4. If it rains tomorrow, will you still go？ 1.固定时刻表或事先安排的动作 2.时间状语从句、条件状语从句中： 代替一般将来式 Rules 2 1. My brother is reading an interesting novel these days. 2. I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 阶段性，暂时性，过程性，进行性 Rules 2 3. You are always helping me whenever I am in trouble. 4. She is leaving for Guangzhou next week. 1.与always, constantly, forever等连用带强烈感情色彩。 2.可以表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。 Rules 3 1. They have just cleaned the classroom. (即：The room is clean now. ) 2. I havent seen him since he left home. 过去动作，联系现在 Rules 3 3. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped completely. 4. I have kept the dictionary for 10 days. (不能用have borrowed) 1. 在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时 已经完成的动作。 2. 瞬间动词不与“for时间”段连用 Rules 4 1. Ive been sitting here all day. 2. Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty? Mom, I have been cleaning my store room downstairs. 持续不断，或许还在进行 Rules 5 1. We visited the factory last Friday. 2. Oh, its you. I didnt recognize you at first. 回顾过去，对比现在 Rules 5 3. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it rained all day. 4. I had planed to come back last night, but I had an unexpected visitor. 5. I would rather you came here tomorrow. 6. Its time that we left for school now. 虚拟语气用法 Rules 6 1. He was watching TV this time yesterday. 2. Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 暂时性，过程性 Rules 6 3. My grandfather was always forgetting things. 4. I was wondering if you could answer my question. 1. 与always, constantly, forever等连用带强烈感情色彩 2. 表礼貌 Rules 7 1. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 2. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 明显的过去的过去 Rules 7 3. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. = No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him. 4. They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 5. I would rather you had not come here yesterday. 虚拟语气用法 Rules 8 1. I will be 17 next month. 2. Sorry, I forgot to post your letter. It doesnt matter. I will go and post it myself. will / shall do 表示： 1. 单纯的将来； 2. 临时的打算 Rules 9 1. Ann is in hospital. Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow. 2. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. be going todo 表示： 1. 说话时早已打算做； 2.根据客观迹象预示着 Rules 10 1. The president is to visit the school next week. 2. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. (相当于should, ought to) be todo 表示： 1.强制性“务必要”； 2. “想要”； 3. “注定要”等情态意味 3. They were never to meet again. Rules 11 I was about to leave the room when the telephone rang. be about to dowhen表示： 正要做某事时突然 Rules 12 1. What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning? 2. You can use my bike. I wont be needing it tomorrow. will be doing 将来某刻正在进行 Rules 13 1. By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 2. By the time you arrive in New York, you will have been away for two weeks. will have done 将来某时已完成 Rules 14 1. He said he would come and help me if necessary. 2. I didnt know if she was going to see us off. would do 过去支点，预言未来 Distinction 1 1. On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. 2. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door. 一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。 2010重庆卷 The palace caught fire three times in the last century， and little of the original building _ now. Aremains Bis remained Cis remaining Dhas been remained A Distinction 2 1. I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. 一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。 而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。 2. I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. Distinction 2 l2010北京卷 Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? lSorry，I _myself clear. We want to return on October 20. lAhadnt made Bwouldnt make lCdont make Dhavent made l D 本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为： 抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表达明白， 强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。 1. I read a book last month. 2. I was reading a book last month. 一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。 过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点 或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有 进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。 Distinction 3 Distinction 4 1. The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground. 判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的 时间点或动作，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前 还有没有另一个动作 ，并且判断该句是否强调发生在前。 Distinction 5 完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合体， 除了有完成时的基本特征，更强调动作的持续性。 完成时强调动作的结果，完成进行时强调动作的延续。 l Why does the river smell terrible? l Because the water_. lAhave polluted Bis being polluted lChas been polluted Dhave been polluted l【解析】 C 考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据问 句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现 在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是the water ，谓语动词用单数，选C。 Tense 动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一 种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动 语态。被动语态由“助动词be 过去分词”构成， 不同的时态通过 be 的不同形式体现。 常用被动语动语 态态 构成(以ask为为 例) 常用被动语动语 态态 构成 1 一般现现在时时6 过过去进进行时时 2 一般过过去时时7 现现在完成时时 3 一般将来时时8 过过去完成时时 4 过过去将来时时9 将来完成时时 5 现现在进进行时时10 含有情态动态动 词词的被动语动语 态态 Rule am/is/are asked was/were asked shall/will be asked would be asked am/is/are being asked was/were being asked have/has been asked had been asked will/would have been asked can/must/may be asked Notes 1. 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，别漏掉短语动词的 介词或副词。 如：Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 2. “get 过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 如：She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed. 3. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said that It is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 4. 不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：happen, take place, last, break out, come about, come out等。如： The book came out last year. The meeting lasted about 4 hours without reaching any agreement. Notes 5. 连系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等都没有被动语态。如： The food tastes good. The cloth feels soft. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. 6. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start。这类动词一 般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如： The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 My pen wont write. 我的笔写不出字来。 This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。 The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。 The cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。 12010上海卷 The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 【解析】 D 本题考查被动语态。restore意为“ 修复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为 正在修复中，选D。 实战演练 22009北京卷 John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather_ with them to school. A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take 【答案】 B 32009辽宁卷 Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair_ all day. Could you speak to her now? A. phones B. has phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned 【解析】 C 考查现在完成进行时。由all day可以看出一 直在打电话，此时仍然在打，过去发生的动作持续到现 在并仍在进行，选C。 实战演练 42009天津卷 My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live 【解析】 A 考查时态。后句意思为：他们出生 在香港，从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前 句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事 实，选A。 实战演练 5. Hi, Lucy, you look tired. Im really tired. I _the living room all day. Apainted Bhad painted Chave been painting Dhave been painted 【解析】 C 表示我一整天都在刷房子， 应该用现在完成进行时。 实战演练 62009上海卷 During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _not to touch any unattended bag. A. had always been warned B. were always being warned C. are always warning D. always warned 【解析】 B 根据时间状语可知是指过去，be always doing sth.表示“一种感情色彩”，并且 人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选B。 实战演练 7He_ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played 【解析】 B 考查考生对题干中句子含义的理 解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的 “for many years”很多同学推断出应为现在完 成时，但“when he was young”这个时间状语 表明他打球是过去时，未持续到现在。由 “regularly” 可知他过去经常打球，是一种过 去的习惯性的动作，选B。 实战演练 82010全国卷 Linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 【解析】 C 考查动词时态语态。make sure意为“确信，确保”，set tables意为“摆 放桌子”，结合语境应用被动形式。 实战演练 92010全国卷 Excuse me. I_ I was blocking your way. Adidnt realize Bdont realize Chavent realized Dwasnt realizing 【解析】 A 考查动词时态。这里应用一 般过去时表示说话之前“没有意识到”。 实战演练 10My friend went to Canada three years ago. He_ there for a few months and then went to America. Awas living Bhas lived Cwas lived Dlived 【解析】 D 句意为：我的朋友三年前去了 加拿大，他在那里住了几个月，然后去了美 国。由句意可知，住在加拿大这个情况发生 在过去，且已经结束，故用一般过去时。 实战演练 112010四川卷 When shall we restart our business? Not until we _ our plan. A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished 【解析】 D 考查动词时态。状语从句用 现在时代替将来时，这里表示计划完成后 ，所以用现在完成时。 实战演练 12Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya? Who _it? A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written 【解析】 C 本题考查时态。题干中的答句问“谁写的 这本书？”说明此书肯定是过去写的，所以用动词的过 去式。 13They_ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. get 【解析】 B 本题考查时态。句意为：他们得到了两张 去加拿大的免费票，否则他们将永远也去不起。此题 叙述事实，又发生在过去，选B。 实战演练 14The singer together with her band _invited to the concert. Did you enjoy that party? No, no sooner _than they sang their top hit Oh My Baby. A. was; I had left B. were; I have gone C. was; had I left D. were; did I leave 【解析】 C 主谓一致、时态及倒装的综合考查。主 语(the singer)后面跟有together with引起的短语，谓语 动词与前面的主语一致，所以要用was；否定词no sooner和than连用，且位于句首时，用部分倒装结构， 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，相当于汉语的“一 就”。 实战演练 152010四川卷 Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected 【解析】 D 考查动词时态。由语境“老师 将批评你”，知道你没有完成应该做的，所 以用过去时，expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期 待某人做某事”，此处要用被动形式。 实战演练 162010全国卷 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? No，I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do 【解析】 A 考查动词时态。all day yesterday是 信息词，暗示用过去进行时。 实战演练 172010福建卷 Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 【解析】 D 考查动词时态。句意为：因为在离 开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作，每年大量的农 民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive的时态可知此处的 时态是现在时，又根据before leaving their hometowns可知在离开家乡前的承诺，强调结果 ，所以该空应为现在完成时。 实战演练 182010安徽卷 Weve spent too much money recently. Well，it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives _ around all the time. A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 【解析】 D 考查时态。句意为：“最近我们花 钱太多了。”“一点也不奇怪。我们一直有朋友和 亲戚来。”句中出现了明显的时间状语recently和 all the time。 实战演练 192010北京卷 In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _. A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 【解析】 A 本题考查动词的时态和语态。the “r” sounds和drop之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系， 要用被动语态；题目描述的是习惯做法，要用一 般现在时态。 实战演练 20Unfortunately, when I got to her flat, she _，so we had only a moment for a few words. A. just left B. had just left C. has just left D. was just leaving 【解析】 D 考查时态。从后半句的“所以我们 仅用一会儿时间说了几句话”可知，当说话人到 达那位女士的公寓时，她正要离开，应该用过去 进行时表示过去马上要发生的动作。 实战演练 21Has Tom already finished his new story? I have no idea. He _it last month. A. had written B. was writing C. would write D. wrote 【解析】 B 本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示 未完成或者不知道有没有完成时，用过去进行时 态，句中是不知道有没有完成，所以本题选择B 项。 实战演练 22How come your father can read books in German? Well, he _on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young. A. worked B. was working C. had worked D. would work 【解析】 A 考查动词时态。尽管应答句中有3 years表时间段，但由时间状语从句可知此处是陈 述过去的事实，故用一般过去时，选A。 实战演练 23Whats the problem, Sir? You _at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour. A. are driving B. drive C. were driving D. have been driving 【答案】 C 实战演练 24Are you still very busy? Yes，I _the report for the manager and it wont take long. A. have just finished B. am just finishing C. had just finished D. am just going to finish 【解析】 B 考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法