不定式英语课堂记录.doc

英语课堂记录附录：本记录为非谓语动词不定式。 其分为两版，第一版为在一中的课堂记录，第二版为在芷兰学校的课堂记录。 -张晗整理 一非谓语动词-不定式（一中版） 1动词不定式的形式变化主动：to do（一般式） to be doing (进行式) to have done(完成式) to have been doing(完成进行式)被动：to be done(现在时的被动语态) to have been done(现在完成式的被动语态)EX: it is careless of him to lose so many things =he is careless to lose so many things.(一) 不定式作宾语不定式仅作介词but/expect/other than的宾语 Have no choice but to do sth Cannot choose but do sth Can do nothing but do sth(二)不定式作表语 1表示主语的内容和性质 My job is to teach job. 2.表按计划要做的事 He is to marry Rose.（三）不定式作定语（往往与其所修饰名词构成主谓关系或动宾关系） I need a pen to write with. 在以下情况中不定式用主动。 1.he is te man to help us. 2.若形成动宾关系，则能够在句子中找到to do这个动作的执行者或主语即为执行者。 3若句子找不到动作的执行者，且是动宾关系，并且可以插入for sb，这时可以用主动表被动。 Ex : is there any books(for me)to read? 用被动即用to be done修饰名词 4.to do与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且不符合2或3点时 Ex :meeting to be hold tomorrow is very important. (四）不定式作宾补(五）-（六）记录空缺（七）不定式作结果状语（八）不定式作原因状语（九）不定式作独立成分（十）并列不定式省to的情况（十一）省不定式是否保留to一非谓语动词-不定式（ 芷兰学校版）1特征： 1含有将来意味 2含有假设意味 3表示具体的一次动作2形式 一般式：to do -to be done(被动) 进行式：to be doing 完成式：to have done 完成式的被动式；to have been done3.作用 1作主语 To clean the classroom is my job today. 不定式 + 不定式宾语 =不定式短语 此句亦可用it 作形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语。 It is my job to clean the classroom today. 2.不定式作表语 两种情形：1。计划，打算 2吩咐，命令 如：计划，打算 1.i am to buy a book. 2.he is to go to shanghai. 吩咐，命令1 You are to feed the birds after school.2 Nobody is to leave before 5p.m. 如果表语前系动词为is/was，则不定式作表语可省to. 3.不定式作宾语 两种情况；1。作动词宾语 2作形容词宾语 如：1.作动词宾语。I like to swim today. I perfer to stay at home. 2。作形容词宾语 English is hard to learn. The water is suitable to drink. 结论 特点 1。不定式放在形容词之后 2。不定式用主动式 3。不定式与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 4。不定式作定语（仅作后置定语） 用主动还是被动，加不加介词 I have some clothes to wash. I have some clothes to be washed. 主动做用主动，不是主语做用被动。 被修饰的名词与不定式存在逻辑关系，当此关系不存在时，要加介词。 I have a pen to write with. She had only a cold room to live in. 5.不定式作宾补。 I found him kind. Adj I saw him there. Adv I want you to help me. 不定式作O.C 不定式作宾补，可用来表示经常性的行为。 两使：hear ,make 四看：see,look at,watch,observe 一觉：feel 一让：let 两听；hear,listen to 在以上词后接不定式作宾补省to,但若是变成被动语态（be done）要加上to 如：I often see him come here. He is often seen to come here. 6.不定式作状语。 （常做3种状语） 1。目的状语（在英语中只有不定式能做目的状语） To pass the exam,he works hard. He get up form his seat to get a cup of tea. 注：目的状语位于句末，不能用“，”隔开。 2。不定式作原因状语。 I am glad to meet you. I am sorry to hear that. I am too glad to meet you.(too果to因) 3。不定式作结果状语。 He is too surprise to say a word.(too因to果) “太而不能” We arrived at the station,to find that the bus had left. He arrived home form a hoilday,to find many things stolen. He stepped into the room finding many things stolen.(现在分词作结果状语) 注：有先后的结果用不定式作结果状语。 同时产生的结果用现在分词作结果状语。 7。不定式的否定式：not to do His mother told him not to ride his bike in the street. 8.不定式的省略 保留to,如果to后面有be,还保留be.n His mother told him not to ride his bike in这里还讲了in the street与on the street的区别。 the street.n But he still want to. 9.”to have done”表示这个动作从时间上说早已过去。 I know them to have been good friend when they were young. 10.不定式的复合结构。 For sb (not) to do sth For sth (not) to be done. 如：for us,it is important to learn english well. 1.作主语 For us to learn english well is important. It is not easy for the book to be read. 2. 作定语 The book for you to read is easy. 3.作表语 The book is for you to read. 4.作状语 They stood aside for us to pass by. 11.疑问词+不定式 疑问代词：what,who,w