高考英语听力理解.ppt

高考英语听力理解 高考听力是为了考查学生 理解口头英语的能力，录音材料 的语言难度略低于阅读材料，采 用对话和独白两种形式。语言材 料内容多样化，涉及内容广泛， 包含日常生活，文化教育，风土 人情，时事人物，科普等方面的 内容，具有特定的交际情景。 高考听力考试有以下特点： 1、对说话的背景做出推断。任何形式的 交流都是在一定背景下进行。通过听 对话学生能正确判断对话所发生的地 点，在学校、商店、图书馆、机场、 车站、办公室、街上、饭店、旅馆、 公共场所，还是失物招领所等地。 2、对说话者之间的关系做 出判断。要求判断说话者之 间的关系是夫妻、父女、父 子、母子、母女、师生，还 是其他关系。 3、对说话的细节做出推断 。要求考生对说话的时间地 点、任务、目的、原因、结 果或具体的数字进行推断。 4、对说话者的主旨、意 图、观点、态度进行推 断。 . 听力主要考查以下五方面的能力： 1. 听清、听懂对话或短文内容的能力。 2. 理解对话或短文，分析、确认事实细节的 能力。 3. 把握整体内容，进行概括总结，理解主旨 大意的能力。 4. 根据材料内容或说话者的语气、语调，进 行推理、判断的能力。 5. 根据材料内容或背景信息，推测相关具体 内容的能力。 高考英语听力试题由第一节单项听力(第 1-5段，每段材料仅读一遍)和第二节整 体听力(第6-10段，每段材料读两遍)两部 分组成。单项听力对话材料简短，语言 信息量小，所设问题大部分都为直接性 的表层理解题，同学们往往通过认真读 题，捕捉听力材料中的相关信息即能找 到正确答案。而整体听力以成段成篇的 对话或独白为材料，每个听力材料所提 供的信息量大，语言材料较难，句子结 构较为复杂，所设问题综合性强 . 高考英语听力测试约需20分钟左右 ，共20个小题，计分30分。设问全 部是特殊疑问句，几乎涵盖了所有 的疑问类型，如：what(主旨或内容) , who（关系或身份）, when（时间） , where（地点）, why（原因）, how （方式）, what time（具体时间）, how many（数）, how much（量）, how long（长短）, how old（年龄）, how soon（多久）, how often（频率 ） 等 听力考试中常出现Where does the conversation take place ?What is the mans profession?, 之类的问题， 考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生 的地点、人物职业、人物关系等。熟悉特定的场 景用语和关键词，这一点很重要。记住下面一些 常用的场景用语。 餐馆（restaurant）用语： menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, sandwich, soup, dish, beer, food, soft drink等; 医院（hospital）用语: take medicine, temperature, pill , headache, running a fever, blood pressure 等; 宾馆（hotel）用语: luggage, single room, double room., room number 等; 邮局(post office)用语： mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, telegram等 机场(airport)用语： flight, take off, land, luggage等 车站(railway station)用语： round trip, single trip, sleeping car等 商店(shop)用语： on sale, size, price, change等 学校(school)用语： professor, exam, course, dining hall, playground等 听力按类型和特点分为如下几类并归纳其特点 。 一、理解主旨要义。为了把握所听内容的主旨 要义，听音时不因该纠缠在某些不太重要的细 节。口语中常有停顿、迟疑、重复，强调或有 重读，或者还会放慢语速，这就要求我们会体 会说话人的口气，抓住关键的词语，从总体上 把握对话或独白的要意。我们常用到的提问方 式有： What are the two speakers talking about? What do we know about ? What can we learn from the conversation? What can we learn from what the speaker said? 二、获取事实性的具体信息；。这些 信息涉及到具体的时间、地点、数字 、人物等。数字类常见的问句有： When ? What time ? How long/old/soon/many/much ? 地点和去向的常见问句有： Where is the ? Where does/did ? Where are the ? Where is the man/woman going? 人物身份与职业的常用提问方式有： Who are the speakers? Who is the speaker/man/woman? Who/What is ? 三、对说话背景、说话者之间的关系 做出判断。常见的提问方式有： What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? Where does this conversation take place? Where is the man/woman/speaker? Where are the two speakers now? When does the conversation take place? 四、理解说话者的意图、观点、态度。一般来讲 ，说话者总会有说话的意图，或提出问题，或阐 述自己的观点想法，或表明自己的态度意见。这 实际上在很大程度上有利于对整个对话的理解。 有时，说话者的意图或观点是明确表达出来的， 有时则隐含在对话中，需要听者自己去揣摩推断 ，听出“弦外之音”。常用的提问方式有： What does the man/woman mean? What does the man/woman think of ? What does the man/ woman/speaker suggest ? What do we know about ? What can we learn from ? What does the man/woman say about? 听力应是技巧 影响英语听力的因素有语音、词汇、语 速、语调、重音、句法等语言因素，以 及文化背景、记忆力和应试心理等非语 言因素，考生要克服这些障碍，只有强 化训练，才会有重大突破。因此，为了 有效地提高听力水平与听力应试能力， 必须多听多练。但依靠大量练习是不够 的，还需要掌握正确的方法与技巧，从 而更有效的提高听力训练的效率。 听力应试技巧基本上分两个部分 第一部分就是 我们通常讲的预测、模糊、笔记与排除四大方 法。 预测，就是在听音前根据卷面信息预测确定 听音重点；在听音过程中根据关联词预测， 根 据上一句预测下一句。 模糊，就是要把握语篇的意义，把重点放在 听中心思想、主旨与说话人的意图上，而不是 辨别单个词义上，尤其是在遇到不熟悉的词或 短语时，不要紧张，要学会放弃。有的学生在 听力测试时，希望把每一句话，每一个单词都 听得清清楚楚，明明白白，事实上没有这个必 要的。 笔记，就是根据题目要求有针对性的记下特定 的信息，以克服听懂了但记不住，从而影响答题的 正确率。 排除，就是根据自己的感觉与背景知识，排除不 太可能的选项，例如文中完全没有提到的选项、与 文中陈述完全相反的选项、与全文内容或句子意义 无关的选项、不符合一般的逻辑与常识的选项等。 排除法可用在听音前与听音后两个阶段。 听力应试技巧的第二部分就是掌握解决不同类型 设问的技巧。下面就高考听力题所考查的几个方面 的内容进行分类总结并对每一类题型的解题方法和 技巧进行说明 。 一、 行为的判断 这类题型的检测点集中在过去、现在与未来的行动方 面. 1判断选择谈话者采取什么行为或预测下一步的行 为。通常谈话中会提供多个行动，这种听力的重点应 放在所做的事情及此事对谈话者的影响，判断说话者 想干什么，不想干什么， 从而做出选择。 2有时谈话者会描述他的行为，考生需从他的描述 中判断他到底想干什么。 3谈话者中的一方对另一方提出的建议以帮助对方 决定下一步的行为或者是谈话一方主动向另一方提供 帮助等。这种谈话必然涉及多种行为，解题时一定要 注意动作的发出者是哪一方，遇到的是什么问题，建 议的是哪种行为，不要混淆。这种题目的难度较高， 有的要考生全面理解对话的内容。 设问方式包括： What did the man do last night? What is the man doing now? What does the man ask Susan to do? What is the woman going to do? How does the man + v? 等多种形式。 特别提示: 根据设问来确定听音的重点，是一种有效 的方法。 2What will the speakers discuss ?（2005） AA report BA computer CA report on computer 本题考查对第二个人所说的话的理解，她坚持要求先谈论report,其 他的以后再说，所以选择A。 Text 2 M: I know you want to talk about this report, but Id like to tell you about my new computer. W: Lets keep to the point. We can talk about that later, all right? M: Ok. 3What are the speakers talking about ?（2005） AA child BA room CA present 本题考查对一幅画也就是一件圣诞礼物的对话的理解，所以选择C 。 Text 3 W: Bill thats a lovely painting in your living room. M: Im glad you like it. Its a Christmas gift from my son. W: Well. Its beautiful. Your son has very good taste. 3. How does the man feel about going to school by bike?（2006） A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Worried. 本题考查对细节M: About 8 kilometers, but it doesnt seem that far, there isnt much traffic along this road. Its great to go by bike.的理解。所以选择A。 Text 3 W: Do you live very far from your school? M: About 8 kilometers, but it doesnt seem that far, there isnt much traffic along this road. Its great to go by bike. 4. When can the man get the computers?（2006） A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday 本题考查对细节M: Well, it depends. If its less than 10 kilometers, we can deliver them on Tuesday, but if its farther away, it will be on Thursday. Where is your office? W: Just around the corner.的理解。所以选择A。 Text 4 W: Now, can we get the computers before Wednesday? M: Well, it depends. If its less than 10 kilometers, we can deliver them on Tuesday, but if its farther away, it will be on Thursday. Where is your office? W: Just around the corner. 1. Who is coming for tea?（2007） A. John. B. Mark. C. Tracy. 本题考查对细节W: John. Is Mark coming for tea tomorrow? M: Yes, I told you yesterday, Tracy.的理解。所以选择B。 Text 1 W: John. Is Mark coming for tea tomorrow? M: Yes, I told you yesterday, Tracy. W: Oh, did you? Sorry, I must have forgotten. 2. What will the man do next?（2007） A. Leave right away. B. Stay for dinner. C. Catch a train. 本题考查对细节W: Whats the hurry?和M: Well, thank you. But Helen and I have to meet my parents at the railway station的理解。所 以选择A。 Text 2 W: Whats the hurry? Wed like you to stay for dinner. M: Well, thank you. But Helen and I have to meet my parents at the railway station. 二、 数字题 数字题的检测点主要有时间、价格、运算、电话号码等。 数字题经常出现，但考生的答对率却不高，考生在这方面 的缺点主要表现在： 1对数字的表达方式还不够熟悉，如an hour and a half behind schedule = to missby an hour and a half = an hour and a half late = late by one hour and a half = to be delayed for an hour and a half; 2答题技巧的运用不够熟练； 3不能排除同音和近音的干扰，如eight thirty表示8:30， eighteen thirty表示18:30。 2注意表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词， 数字词 的加减关系由它们决定。 高考听力试题中关于数字题的设问通常有两种类型： 1）利用同音和近音的干扰来设计，这种题目较容易。 2）正确的答案不是直接能听到的数字，通常是信息上 与其相同或相近，或是换了一种表达方式，或是要对数 字进行简单的运算，这种题目的难度较高。 特别提示： 1要听清楚这些数字及它们之间的关系。例如就时间 题而言，在把握时间表达法的基础上，首先要听清时间 与发生时间之间的关系（关注与时间有关的副词），尤 其要注意时间上的提前和推后，然后再进行正确的换算 。 2注意表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词， 数字词 的加减关系由它们决定。 设问方式包括： When? What time? What day? On what time? How long? How much? How old? How soon? How many? How often? How far away? 等多种形式。 1How much will the woman pay if she buys two skirts ?（2005） A$18B$19C$20 本题考查对价格的把握。一条10元，买两条少收一元，所以选择B. Text 1 W: Very nice skirts. How much are they? M: $10 each and one dollar off, if you buy two. They are on sale. 17How many people are there in the womans family ?（2005） AThree BFour CFive 本题考查对细节Because my husband and I both work and our three children are busy with their studies. We seldom had a chance to get together as a family.的理解。所以选择C。 19How often did the family finally decide to have meals together ?（ 2005） AEvery Sunday BTwice a week .CThree times a week 本题考查对细节Then my son had the idea that everyone told me his or her most convenient days and I would choose the two best days.的理解 。所以选择B。 Text10 M: Could you suggest some ways to bring family members closer together? W: Well. I feel it is very important for families to have regular meals together. One of my good childhood memories was dinner with my parents and two sisters. Because my husband and I both work and our three children are busy with their studies. We seldom had a chance to get together as a family. But we thought it would be possible for us to sit and enjoy meals together every week. First we tried setting free fixed daysMondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. But almost everyone was unhappy. Then my son had the idea that everyone told me his or her most convenient days and I would choose the two best days. For a while, the children were still unhappy with the idea. They said they would rather spend the time with their friends playing sports. Gradually, though, they began to see these evenings together as interesting and helpful. We laughed a lot. We made plans for trips. We discussed each others problems. After a couple of months anyone who had to miss a family meal felt regretful. And now we all feel that we had been able to build much stronger relationships within the family than we had before. 1. How much will the man pay for the tickets?（2006） A. 7.5 B. 15 C. 50 本题考查对话W: Theyre 15 pounds each, but student tickets are half price. M: Could I have two student tickets please?中价格的理解。所 以选择B。 Text 1 M: How much are the tickets? W: Theyre 15 pounds each, but student tickets are half price. M: Could I have two student tickets please? 2. Which is the right gate for the mans flight?（2006） A. Gate 16. B. Gate 22. C. Gate 25. 本题考查对细节W: Oh, its just changed, Gate 25, down that way on the right.的理解。所以选择C。 Text 2 M: Excuse me. I just want to check the boarding gate for BA1- 16 to London. Is it Gate 22? W: Oh, its just changed, Gate 25, down that way on the right. M: Thanks. 14. How many visitors are coming?（2006） A. 8. B. 10. C. 12. 本题考查对细节M: Right. And how many are coming? Did you say about 12? W: Yes, they said 12 at first, but changed to 10 this morning.的理解。所以选择B。 18. How old was the baby when he learned to say that word correctly?（2006） A. About 18 months. B. About 21 months. C. About 24 months. 本题考查对细节M: OK, here is my story. I was about 18 months old I think and I had just started saying my first word. 和Then, about three months later,的理解。所以选择B。 4. What size does the man want?（2007） A. 9. B. 35. C. 39. 本题考查对细节M: Do you have size 9?的理解。所以选择 A。 Text 4 M: How much are these shoes? W: Oh they are 35 dollars a pair. M: Do you have size 9? W: Im afraid they are sold out. 三、 地点题 地点题可分为确认地点与猜测地点。 1 认地点一般指谈话中会出现多个地点或方向指示，要求考生从 选项之中挑选。 特别提示： 当谈话中涉及场所提问时，原文中必提到该地点，这时应注意听清 介词后的场所。 2猜测地点的关键是要抓住对话中的关键词语，但有些词语并未 明确表示事件发生的地点，而是暗示了事件发生的地点或说话的地 点。 特别提示： 关键是熟悉与某些特定场所相关的单词和短语，尤其与school, library, restaurant, hospital, hotel, store/ supermarket, station, street, home, office, bank等多种场所相关的词汇与短语。 设问方式包括： Where? Which place? 等多种形式。 5Where are the two speakers now ?（2005） AOn the first floorBOn the fourth floorC On the fifth floor 本题考查对两人谈话细节的理解，从he is not on this floor. He is on the fourth floor, go down the stairs and turn left可知 选择C。 Text 5 W: Excuse me. Im looking for Mr. Tang. M: Oh, he is not on this floor. He is on the fourth floor, go down the stairs and turn left. 7Where did the woman have her dinner ?（2005） AIn a restaurant BIn her officeCAt home 本题考查对细节M: What did you have for dinner? W: I sent out for a sandwich and I ate it at my desk.的理解所以选择B 。 15Where does the woman come from ? APennsylvaniaBSan FranciscoCChina 本题考查对细节M: Is San Francisco your hometown? W: No, Im from a very small town In Pennsylvania.的理解 。所以选择A。 Text 9 M: Excuse me! Do you mind if I sit here? W: Not at all. Go ahead. M: Thank you. W: Are you going somewhere or are you meeting someone? M: Im on my way to Washington, and you? W: Im on my way to San Francisco. M: Really? I think San Francisco is probably the most exciting city in U.S. W: So do I, no other city has as many good restaurants or as much good music. M: Is San Francisco your hometown? W: No, Im from a very small town In Pennsylvania. I would not want to leave there again either. I dont like small town living very much. M: Mm. Neither do I, really. But small towns have their advantages- less traffic. W: And friendlier people, you know I am becoming to feel homesick. By the way, where are you from? M: China. W: China? But you speak English like a native speaker, I didnt have any idea. M: Oh. Excuse me. It is time for my flight. Well, nice talking with you. W: You too. Bye. 四、职业与人物间的关系 这类题型主要考察谈话一方所从事的职业判断或要求考生判断谈话 双方间的关系。 特别提示： 熟悉与职业、身份相关的关键词和对话双方见面时常用的客套话； 判断人物之间的关系并不难，只要根据说话内容、语气、行为、态 度就能辨别出人之间的身份关系，尤其是说话的语气，因为不同的 语气决定了不同人物的身份和关系，如夫妻、师生、病人、店主和 顾客、老板和秘书等。 注意地点状语，它有时也会暗示正确答案。平时应注意积累和总结 。如听到dentist, prescribe, pill/ tablet就知道和医生有关；听到selling season就知道和销售员有关。 做这类题时应特别注意动词及称呼，还有留意是否使用敬语。如 please则只能用于陌生人或有地位差别的人之间，不同职业的人用 语不同：waitress会谈到menu, food, order, wine等；a policeman会说 tickets, driving license, lights等。 10. What is the relationship between the speakers?（2006） A. Fellow clerks. B. Boss and secretary. C. Customer and salesperson. 本题考查对细节M: Hi, you must be that new secretary, welcome! Im Tom Robison from relations. W: Hi, Mr. Robison. Thanks. My name is Lisa Jones. Im working in sales now.的理解。所以选择A。 12. What do we know about the woman?（2006） A. She likes traveling. B. She is new to the company. C. She works in public relations. 本题考查对细节M: Hi, you must be that new secretary, welcome! Im Tom Robison from relations.的理解。所以选择B。 Text 8 M: Hi, you must be that new secretary, welcome! Im Tom Robison from relations. W: Hi, Mr. Robison. Thanks. My name is Lisa Jones. Im working in sales now. M: Please call me Tom, Lisa. W: OK. Tom, have you worked her long? M: Yes, over 20 years. W: Wow, That is a long time. Do you enjoy working here? M: Well, yes. I suppose I took the job because er, well, the money is good, and its a good place to work in. But to be honest, what I really enjoy is the chance to go abroad, just visiting other countries. Thats the best thing. W: Thats nice. For me the best thing about working here is that I live close to the office, I can go home for lunch, and I dont have to worry about the traffic. 五、因果关系判断题 因果关系判断题包括直接询问原因与间接询问原因两种类型。第一 类相对较容易，第二类较难，需要听懂整段对话的含义，才能从中 体会出原因。 就第二类试题而言，有时对话中有表示原因的连词、介词、介词短 语或动词，有时则没有， 这时就需要从语气或从对话内容中推测。 特别提示： 注意各连接词后面的内容，当原因掩藏于对话中时，要注意语气， 以及一些关键词。注意but后面的内容，往往它才是真正的原因。 判断事件的来龙去脉，理清其因果关系，或是对事件做出合理理解 ，仅从一个短语或一个句子的表面来判断显然是不够的。应站在高 处关注语篇，理解听力材料的大意，在此基础之上再去捕捉具体的 信息。 设问方式包括： Why? What is the reason? 等多种形式。 8Why does the man feel surprised ?（2005） AThe woman has found a new job BThe woman doesnt feel like leaving CThe woman disagrees with him 本题考查对细节M: Likey, Whats going on? Fred just told me that you were going to be leaving us.和M: Well, I didnt know you were looking for a new job.的理解。所以选择A。 Text 7 M: Likey, Whats going on? Fred just told me that you were going to be leaving us. W: Yes, I really feel bad about it. But B if not, please let me know. Im Professor John Morris. Ill be your teacher for the next 13 weeks. As you can probably tell, this is one of the most popular and crowded classes. Indeed every time this course is offered, this room is very full. Why is that? Well, in order to use the English language, its very important to have at least a basic understanding of how words are formed. Just to mention one finger, and there are many. There are about one million words in English. If you are an English learner, you might wonder how you can possibly remember all of these words. Well, for one thing, you dont have to. No native speaker exists who knows all of the words in the English language. Besides, there are short-cuts. Short-cuts? Yes. For example, if you know how words are formed by using parts of words from other languages, such as Greek and French, youll understand a good number of English words when you first come across them. Let me put it this way, knowing the rules will help you to master a large number of words. This is probably the No.1 reason why this class is so popular. 六、态度与评价题 判断双方或一方谈及的事物所反映出来的态度及做出的评价，是赞 赏、反对、关心、厌恶、还是喜欢等。 特别提示： 解题时首先根据选项确定听力的重点，然后再在记录下的内容的基 础上做出必要的推理，这与行为的判断类似。比如态度题的选项中 包含反映人的态度的形容词，如impatient, bored, satisfied, relaxed等 。其次特别注意代词是it, he, she还是they，即尽早把握考查的是男 士、女士，还是他们共同对某事的态度，从而决定关注的重点。 设问方式包括： How does the man feel about? What does the man think of? 等多种形式。 9What does the woman say about her department ?（2005 ） Athere is a lack of trust BThere are serious problems CThere is too much pressure 本题考查对细节W: Oh, just between you and me. I think we have some real problems in this department.的理解。所 以选择B。 16What does the woman think of the mans English ? AExcellentBAcceptableCStrange 本题考查对细节W: China? You speak English like a native speaker, I didnt have any idea.的理解。所以选择A。 Text 9 M: Excuse me! Do you mind if I sit here? W: Not at all. Go ahead. M: Thank you. W: Are you going somewhere or are you meeting someone? M: Im on my way to Washington, and you? W: Im on my way to San Francisco. M: Really? I think San Francisco is probably the most exciting city in U.S. W: So do I, no other city has as many good restaurants or as much good music. M: Is San Francisco your hometown? W: No, Im from a very small town In Pennsylvania. I would not want to leave there again either. I dont like small town living very much. M: Mm. Neither do I, really. But small towns have their advantages- less traffic. W: And friendlier people, you know I am becoming to feel homesick. By the way, where are you from? M: China. W: China? But you speak English like a native speaker, I didnt have any idea. M: Oh. Excuse me. It is time for my flight. Well, nice talking with you. W: You too. Bye. 七、推断与理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 就这类题目而言，问题的答案在对话中没有直接提供，要求考生把 谈话中提供的细节作为前提，进行一定的逻辑推理，找出答案，或 根据提供的细节进行归纳，得出结论。 这类问题的常考题型分为理解细节、理解语篇与根据对话中的信息 进行进一步的归纳总结三类。 特别提示： 要加倍注意第二个人所说的话，因为这类题目一般都是这种模式： 由第一个人开启话题， 然后第二个人再提供信息，最后再提出问题 。而其中的逻辑关系往往都是可以从第二个人所说的内容中得到反 映。 注意关键词和短语，因为即使没有完全听懂对话的内容，但是只要 抓住了原文中的关键词部分，听懂了某个关键的字眼，就可以推理 出其中的逻辑关系。也就是说，捕捉到对话中相对繁杂的信息、细 节，分辨出与提问相关的信息，对最后解答问题很重要。 分类特别提示： 理解细节题 要求考生理解两人谈话中一个关键词或词组。在答 这类题时首先要注意代词的使用。弄清了代词指代的事物，句子 的意思也就清楚了。其次，有时这类对话的关键在一个习语、俚 语，口语化的词组上，这些词组的意思往往成为解题的关键。 理解语篇题 在听音时设法捕捉句子的整个含义，但也