大一专业英语基础英语unit1.doc

Unit 1Ways of saying goodbyegoodbye/bye see you later/catch you later/around ( see again soon, for young) so long ( do not meet again for long time) have a nice day/good weekend/great time etc have a good one( good wish) take care take it easy (for friends, family member) nice to meet you/nice meeting you (for friends met for the first time)Extra knowledgeso long; 语气客气，耽误你很长时间了 goodbye; 最普通，不见的时候希望你一切安好bye-bye 是它的略称，也最常用，for children Catch you later， see you tomorrow (很快见面）Extra knowledgeFarewell 告别，永别，告别演唱会和送别会Farewell：(old-fashioned)the action of saying goodbye；farewell party /dinner /drink etca party or dinner that you have because someone is leaving a job, cityA Farewell to Arms：(1929) a novel by Ernest Hemingwayabout the romantic relationship between a US man who is working as an ambulance driver and an English nurse in Italy during World War IExtra knowledgeWhen I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of Confronted:1. To come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility.(面对，于 面对面的)我希望和控告我的人当庭对质I wish to confront my accuser in court of law.vocabulary2. To bring face to face with 使面对面被告面临着对他确凿的(incontrovertible)证据。The defendant was confronted with incontrovertible evidence of guilt.3. To come up against; encounter：碰到；遇到vocabulary她老是遇到困难。She confronted difficulties at every turn.vocabulary1. Confront: 为及物动词，可直接跟宾语，也可以使用被动语态，但两种形式的语言色彩不一样。比如说confront difficulties 意思为“面对困难”，有勇敢地主动面对的意味，而be confronted with difficulties 则有被动的面临、遭遇困难之意。Gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations.Touched: emotionally affected; moved被陌生人的善良深深地感动Very touched by the strangers kindness.vocabulary I ran to the haven of the small back porch as tears welled up from my heart.Haven: 1) A harbor or an anchorage; a port (港口或锚泊地) 2）place of refuge or rest; a sanctuary (避难所，避难或休息的地方；庇护所)学校图书馆是安静的学习之地。vocabularyThe school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.havenwell: (of liquid) flow or start to flowBlood welled (out) form the cut.well outwell upwell forthe.g. She was so moved that her tears welled (up, forth, out) in her eyes. Well up: start to flow ( 涌出；涌现；流出)Start to flow 鲜血从伤口中流出Blood welled up (out) from the cut.vocabulary“Grandpa”, I replied through my tears, Through my tears: with tears in my eyes; while shedding tears. (流着泪)stareFor a moment he just stared off into the apple trees.Stare off: stare away, to move ones eyes from a point nearby to a farther place and fix them on it or look at it steadily. (盯着看)她盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。She stared off into the word, trying to remember what it meant.vocabularyStare 1) look steadily for a long time, esp. in great surprise or shock E.g. He sat staring into space, thinking deeply. 2) be very plain to see; to be obvious E.g. The lies in the report stared out at us from every paragraph. stare at 凝视,盯住stare into 凝视stare sb. in the face 盯着某人的脸看上下打量某人stare sb. up and down用眼睛瞪得某人哑口无言stare sb. into silence“Come with me, my friend” he whispered.1. To speak softly (低声说)他向邻坐的人耳语He is whispering to his neighbor.vocabulary2. To make a soft rustling sound （产生低声飒飒作响的声音）风在松树林中飒飒作响The wind whispered in the pines.3.To speak quietly and privately, as by way of gossip, slander, or intrigue.（私语，暗中秘密地及私下里说）他的冒险经历悄然传遍。His adventures have been whispered everywhere.I used to watch him pick roses for his mother.vocabulary1. Select from a group ( 挑选 )The best swimmer was picked.2. To gather in; harvest （在中聚集；收获）They were picking cotton.3. To tear off bit by bit. (撕下， 一点一点地撕除)把肉从骨头上撕下vocabularyPick meat from the bones.brief as it wasbrief as it was : although it lasted a short timeas: although: thoughRewrite the following sentencesThough he was poor,Although I was very tired,When you and your friends must part, and bring back that first hello.1. To become divided or separated(分开或分离的)窗帘从中间分开The curtain parted in the middle.vocabulary2. To go apart from one another; separate 彼此分开；分离他们被迫彼此分离They were forced to part from one another.3. To separate or divide into ways going in different directions分岔；分离；分成通向不同方向的几条路。这条路在去森林的中途分岔 了。vocabularyThe road parts about halfway into the forest.gracefully1moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or form:Her movements were graceful and elegant.2behaving in a polite and pleasant way:Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.gracefullyadverb:She rose gracefully to her feet.gracefulnessnoun uncountableBring back1. Cause to return 恢复，还原。这种药会使你恢复健康This kind of medicine will bring you back to health.vocabulary2. Obtain and return with归还，带回来所有图书馆的书必须在学期末归还。All library books must be brought back before the end of the term.3. Cause to return to the mind他的来信使我回忆起童年的日子。His eyes were closed and breathed slowly and hard 1. The act or process of respiration vocabulary2. Slight suggestion or rumor of sth 迹象，暗示早春的气息The first breath of spring.vocabularyGive in:意含观点上妥协或让步是动词短语，作不及物动词，in是副词，其后不能跟宾语，如要接并与常与to 引导的介词短语连用，如，If he pleads with you to let him stay at home from school, you mustnt give in to him。短语动词give up常跟宾语，表示放弃属于自己的东西。如，give up her job to look after invalid mother. The murderer went to the police station and gave him self up. Give up 做不及物动词时为投降，认输，和give in 相比更侧重具体行为。porchSentencesMy whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations. Brief as it was 是一个倒装句，在句中做让步状语。从属连词as引导的让步状语，要用倒装语序，相当于由连词although引导的句子，所以brief as it was 可以写成although it was brief.这种倒装能表现一种鲜明的对照。Early as we have got there, our teacher was there before us.My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations. Brief as it was 是插入语，此句的主干结构为my whole life had been spent in that big old house. 过去分词短语gracefully touched with 作后置定语修饰先行词that big house.SentencesI felt a hand rest on my shoulderFeel 在表示“感觉、感到”时用作及物动词，后面跟复合宾语，复合宾语中的补足语可以是无to不定式、形容词、介词短语等。例如 I felt the floor move.于feel的这种用法相同的词还有感官动词see, hear, notice等，使役动词make, have, let, get, keep等。SentencesI used to watch him pick roses for his motherUsed to 的否定式？SentencesUsed to 的否定式是used not (usednt or usent)其疑问式是将used提前。现代英语口语中，更倾向于用did和did not 来构成疑问式或否定式。例如：He used to grow flowers in the garden, didnt he? Used you to take a walk after supper?Did you use to collect stamps?She didnt use (usednt/ usent ) to make that mistake.Remembering Grandpas words, I reached deep within me for those special feelings that had made up our friendship.SentencesTranslation?Remembering Grandpas words, I tried to bring back to my mind the joy and the happiness that I had shared with him.Remembering Grandpas words, I reached deep within me for those special feelings that had made up our friendship.Sentences该句中的分词短语 Remembering Grandpas words在句中作状语，表伴随状态，其逻辑主语和句中主语一致。若分词或分词结构的逻辑主语与句中主语不一致，即分词在语法上游离于主语之外，这种分词就叫做“悬垂分词（dangling participle)”或无着落分词(unattached participle)” 。例如：Judging from her accent, she must be from Shanghai. “Bill, I planted these roses a long, long time agobefore your mother was even a dream.SentencesBefore your mother was born. Take that special hello and lock it away within you in that place in your heart where summer is an always time.SentencesLock it away within you: fasten it firmly in your mind; imprint it on your mind; bear it in your mind and never forget it.把它保存在记忆里。In that place in your heart where summer is an always time: in that place in your heart where there is always sunlight and warmth.你的内心就会永远充满夏天的快乐和幸福。shudder vs. shakeBoth words refer to agitated movements that are quick, slight, or intense and are often involuntary (无意识的；不由自主的） expressions of discomfort.Shake both transitive and intransitive, designates something that is done to as well as by a person or object, while shudder suggests horror, revulsion, or extreme pleasure as possible causes for the involuntary movement that is less noticeable to an onlooker. answer vs. replyBoth words can be used as noun and verb respectively. As noun, when question is asked, any words or actions in return, or any satisfactory conclusion, may be called an answer; an answer in the form of a statement appropriate to the question is a reply. As verb, answer is transitive while reply intransitivecommon vs. generalGeneral means current(趋势，倾向) among the majority of the persons, things, or class specified; common applies to many or large part.samll vs. tinySmall suggests a slight reduction of proportions that is noticeable but not necessarily objectionable (令人反感的，令人不快的), while tiny refers to drastic a reduction of scale as to put the thing described outside established norms, as well as suggesting a miniature or model of something.Translation exercises1. 他为这次面试中可能面对的问题准备好了答案。(confront)He has prepared answers to the questions that he expected to confront during the interview.2. 他那悲惨的遭遇深深地打动了我们，使我们几乎要哭出声来。(touch)His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. Translation exercises3. 他们俩沿着河边手挽着手散步，有说有笑，非常愉快。(hand in hand)The two of them are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy.4. 他听到这令人激动的消息之后，眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。 (well up)When he heard the exciting news,