托福听力之lecture技巧.doc

首先回答的两个问题：1 为什么要有所为的解题技巧和原则？通常一个Lecture的出题点都是有规律的，一篇文章5分钟，通常跟着5/6个题目，对应了全文至多10句话，因此需要总结解题技巧和原则，帮助你在5分钟的听力里面听出来10-15句话左右；【注意】：这种方法训练听到的重点会高于考点的句子的，即你听到的不是全考，但你没听到的，一定不考2 关于如何训练：简单来说就是反复地听，你没事儿的时候就听，吃饭的时候，晚上睡觉之前，早上醒来睁开眼那会儿就听！听！听！直到听到有一天，文章一出现那些出题点你立刻就反应出来了，然后立刻就记下来了，你就算是训练到家了。经典重要出题点1 开头 对应了全文的主旨题，几乎99%的必考题目；关于主旨题的解题方法：一般都会出现在文章起始处的2,3句话内，但也有例外情况，就是上来教授兴致冲冲的讲了一个咱们看来无聊的例子，没关系例子不用听懂（但是如果你不巧恰好听懂了，那么恭喜你，可以帮助你选对主旨题，因为例子为了说明他的这课讲了神马）经验：如果main idea 特别简单或者不具体时候，那说明教授后面还会对于idea进行解释，尽量努力听懂，因为这样会让你的整篇文章做的顺利【注意】：开头主旨题有两种不同的问法：A what is the main purpose of the lecture?这种问法是需要你自己概括这篇文章的观点是什么B what is the lecture mainly about? / what is the main idea of the lecture?这种问法的时候，答案通常是对具体的例子的总结，即教授在文章开头废话的那一堆；另：最前面的例子没听懂千万不要紧张，一般那都是ETS迷惑你的，他上来就不想让你听懂，让你紧张！所以要么说的特快，要么专业术语特多。重要的是例子后面教授说的那句话。2 结尾 对应大概一篇文章23道考试题，重尾原则；ETS绝对是爱在结尾出题，因此，一定要时不时的盯一下进度条看看别错过了亮点句；3 Lecture中间，倒霉催的学生杀出来问问题：绝对的考点，学生问了神马不重要，重要的是A 听教授的态度，这个时候教授可能态度很诡异，突然就笑了，或者是轻蔑的说了一句神马话，尤其是在这种长的Lecture里面，教授突然说了句很短的话；不过遇到这种情况的时候，恭喜你，这里考重听题的几率蛮大的（即听不懂没关系，反正做题的时候他还会再放一遍）；B 如果教授扯了一堆，那这里70%以上的就是考题所在了，通常教授回答学生问题的模式是这样的 例子+观点/ 观点+例子； 第一种情况出现的几率大一些，还是那句话，例子不重要，重要的是教授的观点；4 ETS灰常爱考的一类文章：比较对比类文章（compare & contrast）TPO里面这类文章所占的比率也很大，这类文章，两个事物的不同点是绝对的考点。越是不同越要考5 ETS爱考的另外一类文章：问题解决型（Problem Solution）没什么太多可说的，就是找问题和解决办法，这点和Conversion挺像的。基本是一个思路的；下面上海环球托福用一套的TPO1 Lecture1：来给大家做示范；Step One：听段子，然后把下面的题做一遍：1 what is the purpose of the lecture?A To explain the difference between two artistic stylesB To describe a new art gallery to the classC To introduce an artists work to the classD To show how artists styles can evolve over time 2 What does the professor say about Frantzens painting of farm scene?A It resembles a photographB It may be Frantzens best known paintingC It was painted in the Impressionist styleD It was painted while Frantzen lived abroad 3 Why did Frantzen go to the Sales BarnA To study human form and movementB To earn money by painting portraitsC To paint farm animals in an outdoor settingD To meet people who could model for her painting 4 What does the professor imply about the painting of the young woman surrounded by pumpkins?A It was painted at an art fairB It combines Impressionism with RealismC It convinced Frantzen that she was a good illustratorD It was originally meant to be used in an advertisement 5 Why does the professor discuss Frantzens difficulties as a young painter?A He wants to point out mistakes that young artists commonly makeB He thinks her example can inspire the student in their own livesC Her difficulties remind him of the difficulties himself experienced as a young girlD Her difficulties are the subject of some of the paintings in the gallery that the students will visit STEP 21. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. BSTEP 3 对Script进行分析ProfessorOk, Im going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. 【Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? 】Be going to：开始说跟这次Lecture主题相关的东西了，要开始留意；Remember：表示强调，通常出现这个词的时候，就是教授说了重点的东西让，该学生记住 Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. Its already started in fact, but itll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzens work may be unfamiliar to you since shes a relatively young artist. 【But shes got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists weve looked at this term. 】IBT文章对于转折的态度：转折后面的话都应该努力听懂的，因为转折前面都是没有新意的，或者是过去别人的看法，都是会被驳斥的，都是教授不同意的。【But anyway, Frantzens style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism.】So youve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?文章出现So/Anyway: 通常这两个词有两个作用，一个是表示转折。一个是表示收尾；第一处出现的是But + anyway 代表了转折+收尾，肯定是重点要记下来，而这句话也是第一道主旨题的选项；第二处出现So，但是后面注意是完成时态，完成时态代表了已经说过，已经讲过，所有默认学生已经掌握了的知识点，不可能考！因此后面不用听懂！（这里扯远一句，听写的时候大家其实应该格外注意时态错误的）StudentWell, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Umthe basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didnt depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.学生说话：80%以上都是瞎扯，要不然就是学生说的跟正确答案驴唇不对马嘴，要不然就是总结总结老师上次说过了东西，偶尔蒙对了教授下面会夸奖夸奖他，然后再重复一遍。因此听不懂没关系。 ProfessorGood. What else? What were the subjects?StudentWell, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.ProfessorGood. 【So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. 这句话老师说的非常的慢，而且一字一顿，说明重点要来了。 Its a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzens style. 】教授有言语方面的提示，是笔记的绝对重点：教授言语方面的提示有3种情况：A 教授认为重要的；B Lecture出现的新信息；C 语言的抑扬顿挫，教授习惯性的A 和 B是考试绝对的重点。因此，只要是有言语方面的不同了，就要开始记录；总结教授语言方面的提示特点：A 说话变慢，一字一顿；B 语气改变，本来是叙述，突然改成疑问C 单纯的语气加强，重读；D 教授突然发出异样的声音，比如突然傻乐；The reason 这种句型也是IBT考试答案出现地方频率很高的句子，是笔记记录点；So important: 教授都说这是重要的了，因此就是重要，要记录；Its an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. Its kind of bleak, which you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors arent quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well, in a natural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak, winter day on a farm. So thats the impressionist side of her work.这里的So 就是总结 【Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved.】 She really found that this helped her workthat it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.Oh：那句话是教授言语上的提示；你要开始引起重视，准备记笔记了；One/ Another/ The other/ Some Some Others 一旦出现这些词，都是要做笔记了的提示；这里的one 后面还加了interesting thing (IBT文章里：但凡有意思的，重要的，都得记住，因为ETS八卦，考题里他就忍不住的跟你八卦一下，文章里提到的有意思的和重要的事情你记住没记住)名词性结构 + Be + that :通常也是考点（这个考点比较难把握，因为名词性结构会说的比较长，然后再说到be 和 that的时候，咱就没什么反映了，但这个出题原则我需要告诉你。在英文字名词性结构 + Be + that是特别好的一种解释某种东西的结构，因此这种句子出现考点的概率就很高）And the reason：就是告诉你了啥啥啥的原因，这事儿你就得记住； So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzens work?StudentUm real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.ProfessorGood. 【One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the womans face is so realistic looking that its almost like a photograph. The womans nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then,】 the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, its all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant colors.One/ other/ AnotherI really want you语言提示This is realism: 一般在长句中杀出一句短句，那么短句就是绝对的重点；后面紧跟着一句But then：说明从后面讲的就肯定不是Realism的事儿了；Theres lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out. I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist.I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But heres a little bit about Rose Frantzens life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into