汽车专业英语0Introduction.ppt

汽车专业英语 Specialty English for Automobile 刘永刚 E-mail: Tel:教材： 汽车工程专业英语 李俊玲 罗永革 机械工业出版社 ￥23.00 重大书店 辅助性的材料 上课时间地点 1-4, 6-9周：星期一9,10节 A5102 1-4, 6-9周：星期六3,4节 A研108 1、什么是专业外语 专业英语=科技英语 English for Science and Technology 把英语和具体专业知识结合起来，用英语来 说明专业所涉及的事物或事实 基础 英语 专业知识 汽车构造（含发动机）、内燃机原理、汽车理论 2、科技英语的内容 关注的焦点不同 词汇：专业词汇的英文表达 特定词 robot/engine/mechanics 外来词 science/technology/acoustic 词缀 Bio-sensor 合成 information highway 简化 CAD/CAE/FEA/CD/DVD Finite element analysis computational fluid dynamics Compact disk/ digital video disk Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Engineering 翻译 英翻汉 汉翻英 科技文章中英文写作方式的差别 英文中大量使用被动语态、祈使句、修饰词很多 翻译时应该注意中文的流畅 pEvery year, many cars are made in this factory. pThe speed of a car is controlled by the engine transmission, the tire and the road surface. pWater could be used to cool the engine. 翻译的标准 信：忠实传达原文的意思 达：通顺流畅 雅：译文有文采 翻译的过程 理解原文 语境：涉及的知识内容 语法 词汇意思 专业的角度 初步的汉语表达：逻辑性、规范性 订正：通顺、文采 忠实原文，力求通顺 例子 to look for work to convert heat to work The clutch plate is round.（形容词） The wheel turns round the axle.（介词） To close the throttle the pedal should be pushed all way in。 A four-stroke engine cycle consists of intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke. 找工作 将热能转换为功 为关闭油门，应将踏板推到底。 四冲程发动机包含了进气、压缩、做功和排气等 四个冲程. The tolerance should not be so big. 此公差不应给这么大。（机械学） The importance of computer in the use of manufacturing can not be overestimated. 计算机在制造业应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。 Heat-treatment is used to normalize, to soften or to harden steels. 热处理可用来对钢正火、退火或淬火。 专业英语与基础英语的不同： 1. 掌握专业词汇是学好专业英语的基础，专业词汇 的含义和上下文有关，因此查阅专业书籍的Index并参 照课文确定词意是学习和掌握专业词汇的有效方法。 2. 英语科技文章在结构上也具有很多自身的特点， 如长句多，被动语态多，大量的名词化结构等，这都 给对英文原文的理解和翻译带来了基础英语中很难解 决的困难。 Mechanical Engineering English 专业英语与基础英语的不同： 3. 专业英语对听说读写译的侧重点不同，其主要要 求在于“读”和“译”，也就是通过大量的阅读对外 文资料进行正确的理解和翻译，在读和译的基础上， 对听、说、写进行必要的训练。 4. 专业外文资料由于涉及科技内容而往往极为复杂 难以理解，加之这类文章的篇幅通常很长，所以只有 经过一定的专业外语训练，才能完成从基础英语到专 业英语的过渡，达到英语学以致用的最终目的。 Mechanical Engineering English 3、课程目标 掌握汽车专业相关的词汇 能阅读一般的汽车方面的英文文献 具有一定的翻译能力 具有一定的写作能力 60 80 100 4 汽车方面的一些词汇 GB/T 3730-2001 汽车和挂车类型的术语和定义 汽车： 乘用车 Passenger car 普通乘用车(轿车) Saloon ：英 / Sedan：美 活顶乘用车：convertible saloon 高级乘用车：驾驶室和座椅可隔开 pullman saloon 卧铺车 小型乘用车：双门 coupe 仓背乘用车（两厢）：hatchback 越野：off-road car/automobile/vehicle/motor car/ motor vehicle Type of sedan Notchback sedan A notchback sedan is a three-box sedan, where the passenger volume is clearly distinct from the trunk volume of the vehicle . The roof is on one plane, generally parallel to the ground, the rear window at a sharp angle to the roof, and the trunk lid is also parallel to the ground. Historically, this has been a popular and arguably the most traditional form of passenger vehicle. Fastback sedan 斜背式 A fastback sedan is a two-box sedan, with continuous slope from the roof to the base of the decklid, but excludes the hatchback feature. Hatchback sedan 舱盖式 Hatchback (a.k.a. liftback) sedans typically have the fastback profile, but instead of a trunk lid, the entire back of the vehicle lifts up (using a liftgate or hatch). Two-door sedan (coupe) Beetle Chevrolet Malibu 1941 Plymouth fastback sedan Cross country vehicle 越野车 SUV Sports Utility Vehicle 运动型多用途车 MPVMulti Purpose Vehicle 多用途车 RV Recreation Vehicle 休闲车 Racing car 赛车 皮卡：pick-up truck 轻型卡车 A station wagon or estate car is a body style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door (the liftgate or tailgate), instead of a trunk lid. The body style transforms a standard three-box design into a two-box design to include an A, B & C-pillar, as well as a D pillar. 1940 Pontiac woodie 1926 Ford station wagon 商用车 Commercial car 客车 bus Single-deckers / double-deckers Articulated buses Low-floor buses 小型客车 minibus 8 and 30 seats Toyata Coaster Ford Transit 城市客车 city-bus/transit bus/commuter bus/public bus: used for short-distance public transport purposes Coach: used to refer to a large motor vehicle for conveying passengers. To differentiate from other types of bus, a coach has a luggage hold separate from the passenger cabin 长途客车 interurban coach 旅游客车 touring coach 货车 goods vehicle truck / lorry used for carrying goods and materials. 牵引车/挂车 towing tractor/tractor / trailer Trailer: an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle Semi-trailer: a trailer without a front axle. A large proportion of its weight is supported either by a road tractor Passenger car Sedan Notchback / fastback / hatchback Coupe / off-road Station wagon Commercial car Bus / city-bus Coach Goods vehicle / truck / lorry Trailer / tractor a car with a back that extends approximately horizontally from the bottom of the rear window so as to make a distinct angle with it. a car with a rear that slopes continuously down to the bumper a car with a door across the full width at the back end that opens