对提高笔译能力的几点认识.doc

对提高笔译能力的几点认识 引言我们头脑中积累的知识就像一个巨大的“数据库”，笔译工作是我们利用的“数据库”完成文字转换任务的过程，也是丰富和扩大自己“数据库”的过程。因此，喜欢学习的人把笔译工作看成是学习充电的机会，就不会感到它的枯燥而视为负担。同时，善于学习的人，还应该随时整理自己的“数据库”，使其系统化条理化，这样以后的翻译就能更加得心应手。本文就是这种整理工作的一个尝试。同时笔者认为作为译者，我们应不断实践并听取他人的意见、借鉴他人的经验。以下几点认识是通过笔译实践和阅读校后稿后总结出来的，因此首先要感谢审校老师和项目经理细心校对所提供的指导。I.丰富并整理“数据库”一. 注重英语基础知识的学习和积累以短语subject to 为例，翻译中多次碰到，每次的含义和译法不尽相同，要及时加以归类整理，才能加深记忆，全面掌握它的用法。例1. The sequence of filling a mixer with concrete ingredients shall be determined subject to the approval of Engineer. （向搅拌机加入混凝土成分的顺序须经工程师批准后方能确定。）本句中subject to 作副词用，意思是conditionally upon，即“在条件下”，“依照”。例2. All citizens in this nation are subject to the law. （这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。）例3. Operators at work are subject to the mode of 3 teams and 3 shift. （在岗员工实行三班三倒制。）例4. Maintenance of equipment is subject to operation system. （设备维修必须执行操作挂牌制度。）以上例句中subject to 作形容词用，基本含义是owing obedience to, 即“应服从的”、“受制于”。例5. a child who is subject to colds (易患感冒的孩子)例6. Any sample subject to any dispute shall be kept till the time limit for handling agreed by the Buyer and the Seller. （如果是有争议的样品，必须保留到买卖双方一致同意处理的期限为止。）例7. Liquid flowing through pipes are subject to loss of velocity head due to friction forces at the surface of the pipe. （流经管道的液体因管道内表面的摩擦力而会失去速度。）以上例句中subject to 也作形容词用，基本含义是prone to，vulnerable to，即“有倾向”、“易受”。例8. Your vacation is subject to the changing weather patterns. （你的假期可视天气变化而决定。）例9. Your payment is subject to following alteration: 20% discount for the total value. （贵方付款须按如下更改：即总价基础上优惠20%。）以上例句中subject to 仍作形容词用，基本含义是conditional upon，即“按照”，“须经”。例10. Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe to her rule（古罗马征服了大半个欧洲。）此例句中subject to作动词用，基本含义是bring or get a country, nation, person etc. under control.，即“使服从于”，“使隶属于”。例11. The patients on that ward were subjected to infection. （那张病床上的病人受了感染。）例12. The campers were subjected to extreme weather. （野营者们经历了极恶劣的天气。）例13. The Control Unit Chassis must be subjected to a further inspection for the correct type. good mechanical fastening and reliable electrical connection of all its components. （数控单元必须受到进一步检查，以确定其型号是否正确，机械紧固件是否松动，所有元件电接触是否可靠。）例14. Unloading arm is subjected to continuous purging and displacement. （对卸料臂进行持续吹扫置换。）以上例句中subject to作动词用，基本含义是to expose to something；cause to undergo or experience，即“使遭受”、“使经历”。总之，subject to可作形容词、副词、动词词组来使用，to 是介词，sub-在英语中有较强的“在下面”，“附属”，“次于”的意思。类似的英语基础知识必须不断积累和梳理，才能逐步提高我们的笔译能力。二. 掌握技术术语的实质含义，正确选词例15. 陶瓷元件与金属元件之间的硬焊连接Hard-soldering connection of ceramic component and a metallic component 此处“焊接”不使用welding，而应使用soldering。这是因为Welding是将两块金属加热至相同温度，是这两块金属合为一块；而Soldering需要使用焊材（Solder），例如使用焊材将一块芯片连接至一个电路板。例16. 需要动火的塔、罐、容器、槽车等设备和管线，清洗、置换和通风后，要检测可燃气体、有毒有害气体、氧气浓度，达到许可作业浓度才能进行动火作业。Pipelines and equipment such as column, tank, vessel, tank car and the like, on which hot work will be carried out, shall be cleaned, displaced and ventilated, and then concentrations of combustible gases, toxic and hazardous gases, and oxygen shall be detected. Only the concentrations of them are up to the standards required by hot work, can hot work be carried out. 本例中应注意“塔”的译法，不能将译为tower。其原因可参考华老师在学会用英语思考所写到的相关内容：“在化工行业中，部分塔类设备有其一定的译法，例如尿素合成塔就是urea reactor。当没有现成的译法可以参考时，塔类设备的首选英语是column，实际上column是圆柱型的反应器。当然凉水塔就只能译cooling tower”。三. 扩大词汇量，注意缩写词词汇是基础，如同建筑物的砖和瓦，其他的语言技能都必须建立在其基础之上，我们需要不断积累词汇。以下是我最近学到的新词汇。司索工RiggersSSP不锈钢管信号指挥工SignalmenCA电缆螺纹啮合最小量Minimum thread engagement U / G地下附则Supplementary provisionsCCR中央控制室 / 行车控制室附属配套设施 Supporting auxiliary facilitiesJB中继箱 / 接线盒性能比Cost performance TB端子板混凝土浇筑层Concrete liftNEC中性接地接点十进制电阻箱Decade resistance boxMCB微型断路器钢筋编号Bar mark TBX端子箱施工缝Construction JointRCC钢筋水泥混凝土拆箱DevanningGRC玻璃纤维强化混凝土8字盲板Spectacle blind S / L海平面四. 注意相对固定的表达方式1) 买方有权.the Buyer is entitled to do sth. 2) 买方代表的检查不能减轻我方应负的责任。Inspection of the Buyers representative cannot relieve us from any responsibility. 3) 我方负有.的全部责任We are solely responsible for .4) 此制度由行政管理岗负责解释。The administrative management posts are responsible for interpreting the system. 5) 此制度自印发之日起实施。The system shall come into force from the printing and issuing date. 6) 报告发病率为106.63/10万，发病率较去年同期下降0.30%。The reported incidence was 106.63 per 100,000 decreasing by 0.30% over the same period of the previous year. 7) 纵倾数值应精确到0.01米。The trim value shall be accurate to 0.01m.8) 读数精确到小数点后一位，取值精确到小数点后一位。The readings shall be accurate to two digits after the decimal point and shall be rounded off to one digit after the decimal point. 9) 已装载液化天然气的体积应保留至整数位。Volume of loaded LNG shall be rounded off to the nearest integer. II.学习译后稿，总结经验教训一. 注意语序，使句子结构合理与清晰例17. 有代表的样品获取后，应尽快分析其组分，以便于计算LNG卸货数量。原译：After representative samples have been obtained, components of such samples shall be analyzed as soon as possible so as to calculate quantity of LNG unloaded. 校译：The representative samples shall be analyzed for its composition as soon as possible after sampling so as to calculate quantity of LNG to be unloaded.心得：校译将句子主语放在句首，与原译相比较，句子结构更清晰、明了。例18. 将除去碳酸盐的试样全部移入烧杯中，加2Na2CO3溶液，至悬液pH为910(用pH试纸检验)。原译：Put all the sample that has carbonate removed into a beaker; add 2% Na2CO3 solution until the pH of suspension is 9 to 10 (check with pH test paper). 校译：Put all the sample, from which carbonate has been removed, into a beaker; add 2% Na2CO3 solution until the pH of suspension is 9 to 10 (check with pH test paper).心得：校对中应用非限制性定语从句，使句子结构更清晰。总之，我们在翻译时应理清思路，以清晰的句子结构表达出原文的含义。二. 使用正确的时态例19. 用葫芦进行收紧，以达到加固的目的。原译：We will tighten ropes with hoist to securing the equipment. 校译：The equipment will be tightened with hoist to fasten the equipment. 心得：校译采用被动语态，这是由于在较正式的技术文件中，应尽量使用被动语态，以叙述和解说事理，力戒主观臆断和想象。三. 正确理解原文，弄清内在逻辑关系例20. 当雷达液位计出现故障不能正常使用时，可以用浮子液位计作为代替。原译：When radar level gauge is faulty and cannot work normally, float level gauge can be used as a substitute.校译：When the radar level gauge cannot work normally due to a fault, the float level gauge can be used as a substitute. 心得：原译中，译者未理解到“出现故障”与“不能正常使用”之间的因果关系，而导致译文不够准确。例21. On commencing work with a clean mixer, th