初中八种重要时态常用的时间状语.docVIP

初中八种重要时态常用的时间状语一、The Present Indefinite Tense(一般现在时)（一）句型转换。1、含be动词的句型转换肯定句：S2+is+./Iam+./S1+are+.否定句：S2+is + not +./I+ am +not+./S1 +are +not+.一般疑问句：Is +S2+.?肯定回答：Yes,he/she/it is.否定回答：No,he/she/it isnt.Am+I/Are+you+.?肯定回答：Yes,I am./否定回答：No,Im not.Are +S1+.?肯定回答：Yes, we/you/they are.否定回答：No,we/you/they arent.2、含实意动词do的句型转换肯定句：S2 +does./S1+ do.否定句：S2+doesnt +do+./S1+dont + do+.一般疑问句：Does+S2+do+.? 肯定回答：Yes,he/she/it does.否定回答：No,he/she/it doesntDo +S1+do+.?肯定回答：Yes,I/we/you/they do./否定回答：No,I/we/you/they dont.3、含实意动词V的句型转换肯定句：S2 +Ves./S1+ V.否定句：S2+doesnt +V+./S1+dont + V+.一般疑问句：Does+S2+V+.? 肯定回答：Yes,he/she/it does.否定回答：No,he/she/it doesntDo +S1+V+.?肯定回答：Yes,I/we/you/they do./否定回答：No,I/we/you/they dont.4、含there be动词的句型转换肯定句：There is.There are否定句：There is not.There are not.一般疑问句：Is there .?肯定回答：Yes,there is.否定回答：No,there isntAre there .?肯定回答：Yes,there are.否定回答：No,there arent.注意：肯定句改为一般疑问句时：I/we/me/usyou,my/ouryour,mine/oursyours),三人称不变), 改be 动词的am为are,改句号为问号),改相应的词(someany,andor,very much/a lot/a littleat all)(S1第一类主语):除三人称单数外的代词I/you/we/they相当于we/you/they的专有名词(Lucy and I(we), you an Lily(you),Lucy and Lily(they)和相当于they的复数名词(these boys/men/birds等时,在一般现在时,动词用原形(S2第二类主语):三人称单数代词he/she/it,相当于he/she/it的单个人名/地名Lucy(she),Jim(he) China(it)及相当于he/she/it的名词this boy(he)that girl (she) the cat(it)等,在一般现在时中,动词用三单现。（二）常用的时间状语： 句中有often,alwaysC:l5weiz,usually5ju:Vli,sometimes5sQmtaimz,never5nev(它们应放在助动词be/dont/doesnt/didnt 之后，实义动词之前),句末有at times，句中谓语动词用一般现在时： 句末有in sping/summer/autumn/winter，其前的谓语动词用一般现在时： 句末有at+3:30,in the morning/afternoon/evening, on Monday(s), on Sunday afternoon, every day/morning, at this time of day, five days a week, once a month, from Monday to Friday, after school/supper, in the middle of the day,at noon时，其前的谓语动词用一般现在时。巧记(at+点钟 on+星期名词every+时间名词 in the morning/afternoon/evening,at night/noon after/before breakfast/dinner/lunch/school/class) 句末有at home ,at school,in a factory/shop,on a farm, 时，其前的谓语动词用一般现在时；句末有一个介词短语表示一个人的工作场所，则句中的谓语动词用一般现在时态。 状态动词常用一般现在时，而不能用现在进行时态。(状态动词如be,have,know,think+宾语从句, like,love,want, see,hear,prefer,understand,forget,hope,wish,smell,sound,taste,remember,own,hate,find,catch,say等)学习时态应注意(各种时态均如此)见现在进行时态一般过去时态的 （一）句型转换1、含be 动词的句型转换：否定be 后加not,疑问主语前立Be,回答用be 即可(名词主语应改为代词)。2、含can/could, may/might,must,will/would,shall/should 助动词的句型转换：否定 助动词后加not,疑问主语前立助动词,回答用助动词即可(名词主语应改为代词)。3、含实义动词的句型转换:须借助助动词did,原来用过去式的动词应复原。肯定句：S+V(ed)+. 否定句：S+didnt+V.一般疑问句：Did+S+V.? 肯定回答：Yes,S did. 否定回答：No,S didnt(名词主语应改为代词)4、含实义动词do的句型转换：须借助助动词did,原来用过去式的动词应复原do。肯定句：S+did+. 否定句：S+didnt+ do.一般疑问句：Did+S+ do.? 肯定回答：Yes,S did.否定回答：No,S didnt(名词主语应改为代词)5、含there be 的句型转换。（二）用于一般过去时态的时间状语 last +过去时间：last year(去年),last Monday(上周一), last January(去年1月),last week(上周),last month(上个月),last term(上学期)yeaterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天)一段时间 +ago: an hour ago(一个小时前), half an hour ago(半个小时前),three das ago(三天前), two years ago(两年前)just now(刚才)= a moment agoin the past(在过去) in+月，年（过去）,in +年(过去）,in +月(过去)，on +月 日,年(过去),on the morning /afternoon/evening of +月 日,年(过去)in June ,2007 在2007年6月,in 2007,在2007年,on June ninth ,2007,在2007年6月9日,on the morning of on June ninth ,2007,在2007年6月9日的上午,when Sb be(was/were) num.(数词) years old=at the age of + num.(数词) 当某人. 岁时,when Sb was/were a child(当某人是个小孩时)when I was 5 years old=at the age of 5 在我5岁时,when I was a child当我是个小孩时，when he was 12 years old=at the age of 12在他12岁时三、The Present Continuous Tense(现在进行时）（一）句型转换肯定句：S+be(am,is,are)+Ving.否定句：S+be(am,is,are)+not+Ving.一般问句：Be(am,is,are) +S+Ving?肯定回答：Yes,S+be(am,is,are).否定回答：No,S+be+(am,is,are) not.对主语提问：Who/What is +句子的余下部分？对谓语部分(V-ing/ving+宾语)提问: What +be(am,is,are) S+doing(代动词占谓语位不可少不可换)?注意：肯定句改为一般疑问句时：I/we/me/usyou,my/ouryour,mine/oursyours),三人称不变), 改be 动词的am为are,改句号为问号),改相应的词(someany,andor,very much/a lot/a littleat all)在肯定回答和否定回答中，主语必须改为相应代词（二）常用的时间状语(以下结构一定要牢记)句首有look,listen, 句末有now，句中的谓语动词用现在进行时。句前有Its 3:00.Dont talk.Dont make a noise(别吵).Hurry up(Be quick. Come on)(快点),则后一个句子中的谓语动词用现在进行时Its 3:30.句末有there/over there /all the time句中的谓语动词用进行时： 句前有一个句子,如Those are./ This is./Where be sb? 则后一个句子中的谓语动词用现在进行时. 谈论图片中的人物动作常用现在进行时：根据上下文提示，根据现在进行时态的构成判断用现在进行时态。(三)学习时态应注意(各种时态均如此)状态动词如(be,have(有),know,think+宾语从句, like,love,want, see,hear,prefer,understand,forget,hope,wish,smell,sound,taste,remember,own,hate,find,catch,say等)不能用进行时，而只能用一般现在时。(2)固定搭配应牢记(各种时态均如此)句中有情态动词can,may,must,could 及助动词will,would，shall,should时,其后的动词用原形不受时间状语的影响。动词放在句首或在please后,构成祈使句动词用原形,不受时间的影响。句中有dont/doesnt/didnt 句首有Do/does/Did时,句中的动词用原形在不定式(to do)和动名词(doing)构成的非谓语动词结构中的动词为固定搭配,不受主语的限制,不受时间的影响,须牢记这些固定搭配。 (见专题语法非谓语动词) (1) want to +do,(想要做什么) ; want sb(o) to +do(想要某人做什么)(2) let sb(o) +do(让某人做什么), help sb (to) +do(帮助某人做什么)8.Let me _(have) a look.9.Let me _(help) you _(find) it.(3) What about +doing?,How about doing ? (做什么好不好?)(4)Sb(s) have/has no/some time to +do =(5) would like to +do(想要做什么), would like sb(o) to +do(想要某人做什么)(6)something to +do 26.I have something _(play).(7)在can/may/must/will/would/could/shall/should后的动词用原形,need/dare 作情态动词时,其后的动词用原形。(8) 句首有Do/Does/Did,句中有dont/doesnt/didnt时,其后的动词用原形.(9)动放在句首或放在please后,用原形构成祈使句.如为否定则用Dont +do(10) teach sb to +do(教某人做什么),like sb to +do(喜欢某人做什么),ask sb to +do(请某人做什么),get sb to +do(让某人做什么),(11)牢记下列固定搭配。 Its time to +do(该做什么了.)Its too easy/hard/difficult to +do (做什么容易/困难)Its time for sb to +do(该某人做什么了)Its easy/hard/difficult for sb to +do(对某人来说,做什么容易/困难)It takes sb sometime to +do(做什么花了某人多少时间) Its ones turn to +do(轮到某人做什么了.)(12) be good at +doing (擅长做什么) ,go +doing (去做什么),do some +Ving(做什么),Its time for +doing (该做什么了),Thanks for doing 感谢做什么,enjoy +doing (喜欢做什么),finish +doing(做完什么) ,practice +doing(练习做什么) ,help sb with +doing (帮助某人做什么),(13) like +doing,(长期养成的习惯喜欢做什么) ；like to +do (具体的一次喜欢做什么)四、一般将来时态要点(一)构成be going to +V(be为助动词,可用来进行句型转换).表示计划、打算决定要做的事三者缺一不可。I am going to watch TV this evening . They are going to play football.will+V (will为助动词,用于各种人称,本身用来进行句型转换)将要做 will not =wontwUnt They will go swimming.shall+V(shall为助动词,只能用于第一人称,可用来进行句型转换) 将要做 shall not=shantFB:nt We shall swim .be +Ving 趋向动词可用进行时表达将来发生的动作。常见的趋向动词有：go, come,leave, arrive. Im coming.我马上来 . They are leaving for Chengdu.他们要到成都。（二）一般将来时态常用的时间状语tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天)(其前不用介词)next+时间名词(其前不用介词)：next week(下周),next year(明年),next month(下个月),in+一段时间,in an hour(一个小时以后),in three days(三天后),in ten years(十年后)(对in+一段时间提问用how soon)in+将来的时间(月/月,年/年), in December(在12月),in December,2008(在2008年的12月),in 2010(在2010年)on+将来的时间(月 日,年) on December 25th(在12月25日), on December 25th,2008(在2008年的12月25日)on the morning /afternoon/evening of +将来的时间(月 日,年) on the morning of December 25th(在12月25日的上午), by the end of +(将来的时间),at the end of +(将来的时间)by the end of next term(到下学期结束时)at the end of this month(在这个月月底)this +表示将来的时间(其前不用介词)this moning/afternoon/evening,(今天上午/下午/晚上),this week(这个星期),this month(这个月),this year(今年),this term(这学期),how soon(多久以后),from now on=in future(从今以后),in the future=the time not to come(将来)right now=at once=in a moment/minute=in no time(立刻,马上),soon(很快),later/later on(稍后),（三）一般将来时在使用中的一些注意事项：1、will用于一切人称，shall只用于第一人称(I/we)。但现代英语倾向于所有人称都使用will而不用shall，shall主要出现在非常正式的英语场合中，或用于口语提出建议或请求。如：Shall I go home now? (请求）Shall we take different routes? (建议）2、will/shall+do通常用来谈论未来会发生的事或是正在制定的计划；而be going to do通常用来谈论一个较近的未来将要发生的计划中的或是有可能发生的事。如：They will see us if we go out at the moment.（未来会发生的事）They will take different routes to the same destination.（正在制定的计划）My uncle is going to visit us next month.（在一个较近的未来将要发生的计划中的事）I think its going to rain.（有可能发生的事）3、will /shall do相对较为正式，常用于书面语，表示一个相对较远的未来；be going to do常用于口语中，表示一个相对较近的未来。如：Im going to Beijing tomorrow.(较近未来）Therell be no living things on the earth if people dont protect the environment. (较远未来）4、be going to do 用于表示计划、打算去做某事（强调主观意愿）；还可以表示根据事实情况极有可能发生的事。如：Im going to take another route.(计划）Its so cloudy. I think its going torain. (根据事实极有可能发生）5、在英语中，有些动词如go,come,leave,arrive等位置移动词可用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。如：Im coming. (我就来了。）Are we all going ？ (我们都将去吗?)6.在if/unless引导条件状语从句及when/before/after/until/ till/not until/till/as soon as 引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，且用will而不用be going to。如：Mum will go to Beijing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.When you get home, youll find a new bike in your garden.主句 +连词+从句=连词+从句, 主句。主句的结构为：1. 主语+will/shall +动词原形；2.主语+情态动词(can/may/must)+动词原形3.肯定祈使句(动词原形开头)；4.否定祈使句（Dont+动词原形）连词有以下中的一个：if(如果),unless(除非,如果不),when(当.时),before(在.以前),after(在.以后),until/till(直到.时/为止)as soon as 一.就.，not .until/till直到.才.从句必须用一般现在时态来表达将要发生的动作。它的结构为：1.主语+be (not)+adj. 2. 主语+v/v-s/es 3.主语+dont/doesnt +动词原形简单记为:主“将”从“现”,主“情”从“现”,主“祈”从“现”,主“现”从“现”,主“过”从“过”,主“过将”从“过”e.g : We will go swimming if it doesnt rain tomorrow.We can go swimming if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Go swimming if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Dont go swimming if it rains tomorrow.we often go swimming if it doesnt rain.We went swimming when it didnt rain last year .The teacher told us we would go swimming if it didnt rain the next day.(老师告诉我们如果第二天不下雨我们要去游泳。)till/until与 not.until/till的区别。主句主语+V(延续动词)+连词+从句 主句的动作一直持续到从句的动作发生就结束,此时的till/until可以改为before。主句主语+wont+V(不延续动词)+连词+从句 主句的动作要到从句的动作发生才开始,此时的not till/until可以改为after。I will wait for you until she comes back. =I will wait for you before she comes back.我将一直等你等到她回来。I wont leave until your mother comes home.=I will leave after your mother comes home.直到你妈妈回来，我才离开。7.其它注意事项 一般来说be going to /will/shall不考虑差别时可通用,但在下列情况不能换。Today is Monday.Tomorrow will be Tuesdday.(不以人的意志为转移)She is 12 this year.Next year she will be 13.在Will/Would you please +V?表征求意见的句子及Shall I/we +V? 的句子中will/Shall 不可改为be going to另外在天气预报中常用will+V的句式,但是通过某种迹象推测天气将如何常用be going to +VLook at the dark clouds.I think it is going to rain.There be的将来时为There will be/There is going to be+n(s)/u.n,There are going to be+n(pl)(be不能改为have或用be的其它形式)There will be a film this evening.=There is going to be a film this evening.今晚有电影。五、过去进行时态的要点 （一）构成 由助动词be的过去式was或were 加v-ing形式构成。（二）句型转换。肯定句：S+be(was/were)+v-ing.否定句S+be(was/were)+ not v-ing.一般疑问句：Be(Was/Were) +S +v-ing.? (I/weyou,my/ouryour,)肯定回答：Yes,S(pron) was/were.否定回答：No,S(pron) wasnt/werent.对V-ing部分提问：What was/were +S+doing( 不能改,不能去)?(I/weyou,my/ouryour,)对主语提问：Who/What+余下部分？（语序不变，be用was）对其它部分提问:用相应的疑问词+一般疑问句（去掉划线部分即可）（三）常用的时间状语1.at this time yesterday 在昨天的这个时候 2.at that time =then 在那时3.at 3:00 last Monday 在上周星期一的3：004.from 7:00 to 9:00 last Friday上周星期五7：00到9:005.when/while 从句when从句常用过去时态(从句中的动词不延续),主句用过去进行时态(动词为延续动词)while 从句常用过去进行时态(动词为延续动词)，主句常用一般过去时态(动词为不延续动词)当while 引导主句从句中的动词均为延续动词时，则都用过去进行时态。My parents were watching TV when I got home yesterday.=While my parents were watching TV ,I got home yesterday.While my parents were watching TV ,I was doing my homework last night.=My parents were watching TV while I was doing my homework last night.5.be always doing sth 老是/总是做什么，用来表示过去一个不断重复的动作，常常有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱之意。Nobody liked him in the past.He was always talking in class.He is a kind man.He is always helping others.六、现在完成时基础知识点 （一）构成：have/has(助动词可进行句型转换) +V(p.p),如对V(p.p)提问,则用done占位置。（二）、句型转换。肯定句：主语+have/has+V(p.p).否定句：主语+have/has+not +V(p.p).一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+V(p.p).?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词） have/has.否定回答：No,主语（代词） havent/hasnt.对谓语部分提问：What have/has Sb done(代动词,占谓语的位置,不可改，不可去)?对主语提问：Who/What has +V(p.p).?对其它部分提问：疑问词+一般疑问句去掉划线部分的余下部分？注意：在改为否定句和疑问句时,应改相应的词(someany,andor,very much/a lot/a littleat all(改为否定时才改),already yet)。在改为一般疑问句时,应改人称(一,二人称互换(I/we/me/usyou,my/ouryour,mine/oursyours),三人称不变), 改be 动词的am为are,改句号为问号)。（三）常用的时间状语 already(肯定句中,句末), yet(句末否疑),just(句中),recently,ever,never(句中),before(句末),for+一段时间,since sins+P(t),since +从句(动词用过去式)，since+一段时间+ago, so far=up till now, ever since then,all ones life,these days,in the past/last +.weeks/years,how long, how many times,次数前几组容易混淆的时间状语用法讲解already/yet already 常用于肯定句中或者句末；而yet常用于否定句末或者一般疑问句末。I have already drunk the milk.=I have drunk the milk already.I havent drunk the milk yet.Have you drunk the milk yet?just/just now 意思均为“刚才”但是just 用于完成时态中，放在句中，而just now (= a moment ago)用于一般过去时态中，放在句末。I have just seen the film. I saw the film just now.in the past/in/during the past/last +数词+years/months/weeks/daysin the past 意思为“在过去”常用于一般过去时态，放在句末。而in/during the past/last +数词+years/months/weeks/days意思为“在过去（近）几年/月/周/天以来”常用于现在完成时态，放在 句末。I played basketball in the past.I have played basketball in the past five years.for/since for常与一段时间连用，放在句末。用于现在完成时态；而since 常用于下列结构：A:与过去的时间连用，since 1999,since last Friday,since last year;B:与一段时间+ago连用， since three days ago=for three days,since an hour ago=for an hour ;C: 与从句连用（从句常用一般过去时态）I have taught English for 15 years.=I have taught English since 15 years ago.I have taught English since 1991.I have taught English since I began to work.一段时间+ago/since +一段时间+ago前者常用于一般过去时态，而 后者常用于现在完成时态。I have taught English since 15 years ago.I began to teach English 15 years ago.for+一段时间，since 短语/从句，how long 引导的特殊疑问句,句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或者表延续的状态。不能与瞬间动词连用。His grandfather has been dead for 20 years.()His grandfather has died for 20 years.()I have had the bike since last year.()I have bought the bike since last year.()How long have you kept the book?()How long have you borrowed the book?()七、The Present Perfect Continuous现在完成进行时（一）现在完成进行时的构成(have/has+been +v-ing)肯定式：S + have/has been +v -ingHe is ill. He has been lying in bed for three weeks.否定式：S + have/has not been +v -ingWe havent been waiting for you long.疑问式：Have/Has + S +been + v-ing ？Your eyes are red. Have you been crying ?二、现在完成进行时的用法.表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在常和all