高中英语语法专题讲解与练习.docVIP

高中英语语法专题讲解与练习 动词的时态与语态 动词的时态和语态英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中需掌握的时态主要有九种：一、一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）1、结构1）(Active) do; does2）(Passive) is (am, are) done2、主要用法表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。e.g. I often come to school early.表示主语的特征，性格和能力。e.g. He is an engineer. He looks young. 表示客观事实，或普遍真理。e.g. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。e.g. Ill tell him about it when he returns home.表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.）e.g. I will find out when the train leaves.The plane for San Francisco takes off at three p.m.3、与一般现在时连用的时间状语：every day, once a week, twice a week, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never etc.e.g. I go to the cinema once a week.e.g. Sometimes we work until twelve oclock.4、主动变被动1）Do you often clean your room? Is your room often cleaned? 2）People speak English in many countries. English is spoken in many countries.一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 talk_forget_hope_stop_perform_play_say_ buy_worry_fly_study_like_make_take_ love_recite_become_come_drive_shine_ leave_wake_ride_write_hike_give_see_swim_stop_shop_plan_get_sit_let_ cut_run_forget_begin_wash_watch_ finish_teach_fish_reach_go_do_ 二.用所给单词的适当形式填空.1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What (do) _he usually (do)_ after school?5. Danny _(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?三. 改句子1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2. I have many books. （改为否定句）3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）7. We have four lessons.（改为否定句）8. Nancy doesnt run fast （改为肯定句）9. My dog runs fast. （改为否定句）10. Mike has two letters for him.（改为一般疑问句：否定句）11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.（否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问）12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.（否定句: 一般疑问句:划线提问） 13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day（否定句: 般疑问句: 划线提问）14. Tom does his homework at home.（否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问） 被动语态( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build( )2.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow( )3.So far,the moon _ by man already. A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited( )4.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives( )5.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent( )6.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B.knew C.is known D.was known二、主动语态变被动语态1. Has anybody fed the birds?2. People will never forget the accident.3.They are repairing the car in the garage.4.Someone must take care of the children when we go out. 5.We must finish the work by six oclock this afternoon.6.Do you often clean your room?7.They are making this type of radios in shanghai.二、一般过去时（The Simple Past Tense）1、结构1）(Active) did2）(Passive) was/were done2、主要用法表示过去的动作或状态。表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可用：used to + v. 或 would + v.e.g. He used to have two brothers.e.g. When he was free, he would go and help others.在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。e.g. I told him I would lend him my bike if Mr. Smith returned it to me the next day. 3、一般过去时常与这些时间状语连用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day, etc.e.g. I happened to meet him in the street the other day.4、主动变被动1）The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. The little girl was frightened by the tiger in the zoo.2）They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.用括号内动词的正确形式填空 (A)Last year Mr. Smith _ (go ) to China and Japan. He _ (have) a wonderful time. He _ (do) a lot of different things and _ (talk) to a great number of different people. He _ (eat) Chinese and Japanese food and _ (visit) a lot of interesting places. When he _ (go) back to England, he _ (be) very tired. (B)A week ago, Kitty and Ben _ (be) in the countryside. At first, the wind _ (blow) lightly. The leaves _ (blow) slightly in the wind. They _ (fly) their kite happily in the gentle breeze. Suddenly, the wind _ (become) stronger. The clouds in the sky _ (move) quickly. Leaves _ (fall) from trees. The string on Bens kite _ (break). The sky became dark. Kitty and Ben _ (go ) home immediately. Kitty and Ben _ (stay) at home. They _ (watch) TV. The wind became much stronger. It _ (blow) fiercely. It became a typhoon. Trees_ (fall) down. Ships and boats _ (sink) in the big waves. The typhoon _ (pass) quickly. The wind became gentler. The big clean-up _ (begin) immediately. Kitty and Ben went outside again.1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费） cost cost shutshut shutcut（割）cutcut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurtlet（让） let let put（放） put putread （读） read read(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动） beat beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成） became become awake awoke awoken come（来） came come run（跑） ran run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形） dig（挖） dug dug build built built get（得到） got got/gotten catch caught caught hang（吊死） hanged hanged deal dealt dealt hang（悬挂） hung hung feed fed fed hold（抓住） held held find found found shine（照耀） shone shone sit（坐） sat sat pay paid paid win （赢） won won send sent sentmeet（遇见） met metshoot shot shot keep （保持） kept kepttell told told sleep（睡） slept sleptwin won won sweep（扫） swept sweptfeel（感觉） felt felt smell（闻） smelt/smelled smelt/ smelledleave（离开） left left build（建设） built builtlend（借出） lent lent send （传送） sent sentspend（花费） spent spent lose （丢失） lost lostburn （燃烧） burnt burnt learn（学习） learnt learntmean（意思是） meant meant catch（抓住） caught caught teach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought broughtfight （战斗） fought fought buy（买） bought boughtthink（想） thought thought hear （听见） heard heardsell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told toldsay（说） said said find（找到） found foundhave/has（有） had had make（制造） made madestand（站） stood stoodunderstand明白understood understood(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始） began begun take（取） took takendrink（喝） drank drunk mistake（弄错） mistook mistakenring（铃响） rang rung ride（骑） rode riddensing （唱） sang sung do（做） did doneswim（游泳） swam swum