直译与意译补充例子(课件有关内容).docVIP

v 例：This girl was all by herself and far from home , without a single relative or friend to help her. v 直译：她离家很远，什么都要靠自己，没有亲人和朋友来帮助她。v 意译： 她一个单身人 ,无亲无故。v 例句: I talked to him with brutal frankness.v （1）我同他谈话用粗暴的坦率。（逐词翻译）v （2）我同他谈话时，使用了令人不快的真诚的语言。（直译）v （3）我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。（意译）v 2. His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night. v （1）他的烦恼不能承受夜晚宁静的美丽。（逐词翻译）v （2）他的烦恼经不起这宁静的良宵美景的感染。（直译）v （3）面对这宁静的良宵美景，他的烦恼不禁涣然冰释了。(意译）v 汉译英: 感：sensev 责任感，安全感，自卑感，优越感，v A sense of responsibility , A sense of safety, A sense of inferiority, A sense of superiority,v 节奏感，正义感，羞耻感，幽默感，v A sense of rhythm /rim/ , A sense of justice, A sense of shame, A sense of humor,v 无助感，方向感，紧迫感，v A sense of hopelessness, A sense of direction, A sense of urgencyv 2. When should we depend on 直译法 ?v （1） Common civilization core, 某些习语和短语的翻译 ,例如：v cold war 冷战v hot line 热线v hot girl, spicy girl 辣妹v hot-selling books 热销书/畅销书v black market 黑市v pillar industry 支柱产业 v Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水v （2）含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,直译可以丰富译语语言。例如： v 1) He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. v 他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。 v 2) The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy. v 参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝，要求在发展外交政策上合作。 v 3) In the court action, Alain sprang his trumptrmp (王牌) card by calling a surprise witness. v 在法庭诉讼中，阿兰突然打出了他的王牌 请出一位意想不到的证人。(杀手锏)v 4）In wine there is truth. 酒后吐真言。to show ones cards 摊牌v Shuttle(穿梭，梭子) diplomacy v 穿梭外交v a gentlemans agreement v 君子协定v to strike somebody when he is unprepared v 攻其不备v Soon got, soon gone. v 来得容易，去得快。v Speech is silver, silence is golden. v 雄辩是银，沉默是金。意译v 例证分析v 三口之家 nuclear（原子能的，核心的） family（核心家庭，基本家庭）v 三世同堂 the extended family with three generations under the same roof.v 爸爸，感谢您对我们的爱，你的辛勤工作让我和妈妈衣食无忧。Dear dad, thank you for your affection on us, your hard work always keeps bread on the table and roof over our head.v bread-winnerv 4）主要有以下几种情况需要意译：v 包含典故的文化习语：v 英语和中文表达的语义有较大差异，需要按照汉语习惯进行表达，以避免违反文化习惯。例如：v (1)Two heads are better than one.v (2)你不要班门弄斧了.v Remain modest before an authority.v Dont display your axe at Lu Bans door. v 联想对应Dont teach a fish how to swim. v Dont teach your grandmother how to suck eggs.v as timid as a hare（野兔）v at a stones throw v wet like a drown（淹死的） rat v as stupid as a goose v as stubborn as a mule （骡子）v seek a hare in a hens nest v as dumb（哑的） as an oyster /st/(牡蛎) 胆小如鼠一箭之遥湿如落汤鸡蠢得像猪犟得像牛缘木求鱼守口如瓶v lead a dogs lifev 过着牛马一样的生活v cry up（夸奖，推崇） wine and sell vinegar v 挂羊头，卖狗肉v put back（放回远处，推迟） the clock v 开倒车v talk horse v 吹牛 v kill the goose that lays the golden eggs v 杀鸡取卵v drink like a fish v 牛饮v Once the wife of a parson（牧师）, always the wife of a parson.v 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。v Last night I heard him driving his pigs into market.v 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。v 情人眼里出西施.Love is blind.v Love makes the beloved lovely in the loves eye.v 收红包v receive glove money.v Receive a red envelope with some money inside as a Chinese New Year gift.v 穿新衣v Put on your Sunday bestv 说曹操，曹操就到。v Talk of the devil（恶魔） and he will appear. v 老马识途。v Sense comes with age. v 一花独放不是春。 v One swallow does not make a summer.v 英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义，但是语义有所差异，必须按照汉语的语言习惯表达. 例如： v Every dog has his day. v 人人都有得意的日子。v 风水轮着转。三十年河东，三十年河西。v One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.v 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。v 人多互打乱，鸡多不下蛋。v Everyones business is nobodys business.v 根据上下文语境，对有些词汇、句式进行适当调整、转换。例如： v chain stores v 连锁商店v 非请莫入。v Staff only.v Everyman is the architect of his own fate.v 每个人都是自己命运的主宰者。v 天不生人上之人，也不生人下之人。福泽谕吉劝学篇知识改变命运”，从励志角度，讲人和人本来都差不多，后天的差别主要是学问的差别，而每个人都可以通过教育来改变生活。 v A virtuous wife is a mans best prize.v 贤惠的妻子是对一个男人最大的奖赏。v 妻贤夫祸少。I. 能直译的就直译acid rainblind zonechain storecold war hot linehot-selling books black market酸雨盲区连锁店冷战热线热销书黑市crocodile tearsa laughing stock(树干)pour /p/ oil on firefish in troubled(使混乱，使麻烦) waterspillar industrychain reaction gentlemens agreement鳄鱼的眼泪（猫哭耗子假慈悲）笑柄火上浇油混水摸鱼（意译：趁火打劫）支柱产业连锁反应君子协定经济特区一国两制绿色食品超级市场special economic zoneone country, two systemsgreen foodsupermarketII. 直译硬译或死译bulls eyedog house cold wave a black sheep black coffee a white lie a baby kisser靶心高频高压电源屏幕罩寒潮害群之马不加牛奶的咖啡善意的谎言政客Queens Englishthe apple of ones eyeChina policy Chinese dragon English diseaseGreek gift Spanish athlete标准英语掌上明珠对华政策麒麟软骨病害人的礼品吹牛的人向钱看经济作物拳头产品黄色电影money madcash cropscompetitive productpornographic movies大刀阔斧 a great knife and axe in a bold and resolute way 袖手旁观 to look on with hands in sleeves to look on(旁观) with folded arms 寄人篱下 to live under ones fence to live under ones roof无孔不入 to get into every hole to take advantage of every weakness 五湖四海 five lakes four seas all corners of the country We parted the best friends. 死译：我们告别了最好的朋友。 正译：我们在分别时是极好的朋友。Thats all Greek to me. 硬译：那对我来说全是希腊语。 正译：那个我可一窍不通。He is as good as dead. 硬译：他同死一样好。 正译：他几乎死掉。Do you see any green in my eye? 硬译：你从我的眼睛里看到绿色吗？ 正译：你以为我是好欺负的吗？Tom was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door. 死译：汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他带到门那。 正译：汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。He is a man of family. 死译：他是一个有家室的人。 正译：他出身名门。 Insecurity, unemployment and the “rat race” of the American life place heavy strains on marriage and the family. 死译：不安全、失业和美国生活的“耗子赛跑”给婚姻和家庭制造紧张局势。 正译：失业和缺乏保障以及美国生活的“激烈竞争”给婚姻和家庭带来了沉重的压力。他听到这话，心里一跳，脸色也变了。 硬译：Hearing these words, his heart jumped and the color of his face changed. 正译：At this, his heart missed a beat and his face became pale. 你在家时，谁敢来放个屁？ 硬译：When you were at home, who dared to come and pass his wind? 正译： When you were at home, who dared to come and cause trouble?III. 直译与意译的选择1. Wet paint. 湿油漆。 油漆未干。2. He bent only upon profit. 他只曲身于利润之前。 他唯利是图。3. Darkness released （释放）him from his last restraints（限制，禁止）. 直译：黑暗把他从最后的束缚中解放出来。 意译：在黑暗中他就无所顾忌了。4. The bitter weather drove everyone indoors. 直译：痛苦的天气把每个人都赶到了室内。 意译：天气恶劣，大家都只好呆在室内。5. justice has long arms. 正义有长胳膊。 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。6. It is a temptation（引诱，有货物） for me to answer him in that way. 那样回答他对于我是一种诱惑。 我情不自禁地那样回答他。7. They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们跑得像他们的腿所能载动他们的那样快。 他们拼命地跑，能跑多快就跑多快。8. I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age. 我把青春给了海洋，我回家时，给妻子的只有迟暮之年。 我把青春献给了海洋，等我回家见到妻子的时候，已是白发苍苍。9. He is talking delightful nonsense. 直译：他在说着让人高兴的胡话。 意译：他虽是胡说八道，却也挺有意思。10. He came out with his political smile on his face. 直译：他走出来候，脸上带着政治的笑容。 意译：他走出来的时候，脸上带着一个政客惯有的笑容。11. She tried hard to perform well, but the costume was not cooperating. 直译：她努力想要表现好，但是服装不合作。 意译：她努力想要表演好，但服装影响了她的发挥。12. That he wanted to be the Secretary of State was the worst kept secret. 直译：他想要当国务卿是保守得最差的秘密。 意译：他想要当国务卿已是公开（尽人皆知）的秘密。13. His addition completed the list. 直译：他的增加完成了名单。 意译：把他添上，名单就完整了。14. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 直译：对一个愿意的头脑来说，没有什么是不可能的。 意译：世上无难事，只怕有心人。（有志者，事竟成。）15. His attitude did not incline me to help him. 直译：他的态度没有倾向于使我帮他。 意译：看到他这种态度，我都不想帮他了。16. Their accent couldnt fool a native speaker. 他们的口音不能愚弄本地人。 本地人一听他们的口音，便知道他们是外乡人。17. It is an international agreement that no government should take hijackers under its wing. 任何政府都不能把劫机者放在翅膀底下，这是一项国际协定。 根据国际协定，任何政府都不能包庇劫机者。18. She wears her years well. 她年年穿得都挺好。 她一点不见老。19. Money is the last thing he wants, and you wont succeed by offering it. 钱是他想要的最后一件东西，你提供钱给他是不会成功的。 他决不想要你的钱，你给他钱也是白搭。20. After the failure of his last novel, his reputation stands on slippery ground. 在他最后一篇小说失