项目一商务英语常用词语与句型-没有幻灯片标题.ppt

1 商务英语常用词汇与句型 2 1.Commodity n.1.Commodity n.商品商品 （正式用语，指一般性的商品的总称）（正式用语，指一般性的商品的总称） Eg: They are not interested in most Eg: They are not interested in most of commodities on display.of commodities on display. Eg: The commodity prices have been Eg: The commodity prices have been going up in recent years.going up in recent years. 2 在外贸业务中表示商品的同义词很多（本组词包在外贸业务中表示商品的同义词很多（本组词包 括括1717个），具体含义和用法各异，如下所述：个），具体含义和用法各异，如下所述： 3 1) 1) GoodsGoods( (词形固定为复数，但不与数词连用，可与词形固定为复数，但不与数词连用，可与 commoditycommodity等词通用，是较普通的用语等词通用，是较普通的用语) ) Eg: The goods Eg: The goods enquired forenquired for are are out of stockout of stock for for the moment.the moment. 2) 2) MerchandiseMerchandise泛指商品，无复数形式不与不定冠词连泛指商品，无复数形式不与不定冠词连 用，不具体指某种商品。用，不具体指某种商品。 Eg: Smith on/for the on /for ones account; on/for the account of sb. account of sb. 由由的账户付账的账户付账 Eg: All the expenses Eg: All the expenses prior toprior to shipment are for/on shipment are for/on sellers account.sellers account. Eg: We buy the goods for/on the account of Messers Eg: We buy the goods for/on the account of Messers Freeman Eg: Last time they bid US$ 1800 per ton for Green Tea ; this time they may do a little better.this time they may do a little better. Eg: No other buyers have bid higher than this rate.Eg: No other buyers have bid higher than this rate. 另：另：counterbid=counteroffer counterbid=counteroffer 还价，还盘还价，还盘 21.bid n. 21.bid n. 递价，递盘递价，递盘 40 European Main PortsEuropean Main Ports 41 as follows(=as what follows) as follows(=as what follows) 如下如下 Eg: The prices are quoted as follows:Eg: The prices are quoted as follows: follow-up n. follow-up n. 续函续函 Eg: This is a follow-up to our letter of May 1.Eg: This is a follow-up to our letter of May 1. Following adj. HK$ HongKong DollarsDollars; HK$ HongKong Dollars 同理，同理，FrancsFrancs也不代表法郎也不代表法郎 Eg: French Francs & Swiss FrancsEg: French Francs & Swiss Francs ￥也不表示人民币，正确的应该是￥也不表示人民币，正确的应该是RMBRMB￥ Eg: Jan Eg: Jan ￥ Sterling PoundsSterling Pounds DM German MarksDM German Marks 67 3737Reduce v. Reduce v. 减少，降低减少，降低 =decrease=decrease Eg: Do you agree to reduce the quantity from 350 Eg: Do you agree to reduce the quantity from 350 tons to 200 tons?tons to 200 tons? Eg: Buyers cannot accept your quotation unless it Eg: Buyers cannot accept your quotation unless it is reduced/decreased.is reduced/decreased. 同义词还有：同义词还有：decline / falldecline / fall但不能直接跟宾语，比较：但不能直接跟宾语，比较： Eg: The demand on/for wools has declined/fallen.Eg: The demand on/for wools has declined/fallen. reduction n.reduction n.下降，减少下降，减少(=decline, decrease)(=decline, decrease) Eg: There has been a reduction/fall/decrease in Eg: There has been a reduction/fall/decrease in demand of wools.demand of wools. Eg: It is estimated that there is Eg: It is estimated that there is reduction/fall/decline/in price of meat and eggs reduction/fall/decline/in price of meat and eggs in the near future.in the near future. 68 3838Reject v. Reject v. 拒绝拒绝 在外贸业务中常用于拒收、驳回等场合，语气强烈。在外贸业务中常用于拒收、驳回等场合，语气强烈。 注意该词后接名词性宾语，不可用不定式注意该词后接名词性宾语，不可用不定式。 Eg: The buyer rejected all the excuses that the Eg: The buyer rejected all the excuses that the seller made for the delayed delivery.seller made for the delayed delivery. Eg: We reject the goods, because they are much Eg: We reject the goods, because they are much more inferior to the sample.more inferior to the sample. 69 同义和近义的外贸常用词同义和近义的外贸常用词 1 1）refuse v.refuse v.（语气较轻，原意是不愿做某事）可直（语气较轻，原意是不愿做某事）可直 接跟宾语、动词不定式接跟宾语、动词不定式 Eg: They refuse to consider our suggestion.Eg: They refuse to consider our suggestion. Eg: We refuse to Eg: We refuse to entertainentertain this claim, as the this claim, as the buyers have given no supporting documents.buyers have given no supporting documents. 2 2）declinedecline谢绝（更婉转有礼）后可跟名词宾语、动名谢绝（更婉转有礼）后可跟名词宾语、动名 词、动词不定式词、动词不定式 Eg: As your prices are too high to meet the Eg: As your prices are too high to meet the competition, we have to decline your offer competition, we have to decline your offer with regret.with regret. 此三词语气程度为：此三词语气程度为： declinerefuserejectdeclinerefusereject 7039 39Satisfy v. Satisfy v. 使人感到满 使人感到满 意意 常用短语常用短语 sth. satisfies sb. sth. satisfies sb. 某事令某人感到满意某事令某人感到满意 be satisfied with sth. be satisfied with sth. 对某事满意对某事满意 Eg: Your explanation doesnt satisfy us.Eg: Your explanation doesnt satisfy us. Eg: We are satisfied with the result of the Eg: We are satisfied with the result of the negotiation.negotiation. satisfactory adj. satisfactory adj. 令人满意的令人满意的 常用句型：常用句型：sth. be satisfactory (to sb.) sth. be satisfactory (to sb.) 某事令某人满某事令某人满 意意 Eg: We find the shipment sample quite satisfactory.Eg: We find the shipment sample quite satisfactory. satisfaction n. satisfaction n. 令人满意令人满意 常用句型：常用句型：to ones satisfaction to ones satisfaction 令某人满意令某人满意 Eg: We hope the particular material will sure our to Eg: We hope the particular material will sure our to your satisfaction.your satisfaction. 71 4040Regret v. Regret v. 抱歉，遗憾抱歉，遗憾 Eg: We regret this Eg: We regret this oversightoversight on our part. on our part. Eg: They very much regret having caused us so Eg: They very much regret having caused us so much trouble.much trouble. Eg: We regret to say that you delayed 30 days Eg: We regret to say that you delayed 30 days to open L/C.to open L/C. n. n. 抱歉，遗憾抱歉，遗憾 常用句型：常用句型：to ones regret to ones regret Eg: Much to our regret, no more orders can be Eg: Much to our regret, no more orders can be accepted this year for heavy accepted this year for heavy commitmentscommitments. . Eg: We note with regret that your price is on Eg: We note with regret that your price is on the high side.the high side. 72 Regretful adj. Regretful adj. （指人）感到抱歉的（指人）感到抱歉的 Eg: We are regretful that we didnt open L/C in Eg: We are regretful that we didnt open L/C in time.time. Regrettable adj. Regrettable adj. （指物）令人遗憾的（指物）令人遗憾的 Eg: This is a regrettable matter.Eg: This is a regrettable matter. 试比较：试比较： Regret to do sth.Regret to do sth.与与 regret doing sth.regret doing sth. Forget to do sth.Forget to do sth.与与 forget doing sth.forget doing sth. 思考题：动词不定式与动名词用法有何差异？思考题：动词不定式与动名词用法有何差异？ 含义如何？含义如何？ 73 4141Extend v.Extend v. 1 1）延长，延展，延期）延长，延展，延期 Eg: We have to ask you to extend the shipment Eg: We have to ask you to extend the shipment date and the validity of your L/C to the end of date and the validity of your L/C to the end of May and June 15 May and June 15 respectivelyrespectively. . Eg: Please extend your offer for Eg: Please extend your offer for fortnightfortnight. . 思考题：为什么要分别延长装运期和信用证思考题：为什么要分别延长装运期和信用证 的有效期？的有效期？ 74 2 2）扩大，扩展）扩大，扩展 (=expand (=expand ，可换用，可换用) ) Eg: We wish to extend our trade activities in the Eg: We wish to extend our trade activities in the border between China and Russia.border between China and Russia. Eg: You must expand your production to meet the Eg: You must expand your production to meet the daily increasing demand.daily increasing demand. 3 3）给予）给予 (=offer, grant)(=offer, grant) Eg: We extend our thanks to you for your close Eg: We extend our thanks to you for your close cooperationcooperation in this respect. in this respect. Eg: We are extending our invitation to have the Eg: We are extending our invitation to have the presence of the Managing Director of G.P Duncan presence of the Managing Director of G.P Duncan & Co.& Co. 75 4242Claim n. Claim n. 索赔，收汇索赔，收汇 为某事向某人提出索赔为某事向某人提出索赔 lodge a claim with sb. for sth. lodge a claim with sb. for sth. raise a claim against sb. for sth.raise a claim against sb. for sth. file a claim on sb. for sth. file a claim on sb. for sth. 可换用的还有：可换用的还有：put in, set up, make, issue, lay, put in, set up, make, issue, lay, registerregister Eg: We are Eg: We are entitledentitled to lodge a claim for the to lodge a claim for the inferiorinferior quality against the seller. quality against the seller. Eg: They have raised a claim on the goods for $ Eg: They have raised a claim on the goods for $ 530 on account of short weight.530 on account of short weight. Eg: Our claim on your L/C No.55 has not been Eg: Our claim on your L/C No.55 has not been paid yet.paid yet. 76 v. v. 索赔索赔 claim from sb. for sth. claim from sb. for sth. 为某物向某人索赔为某物向某人索赔 Eg: We claim RMB 20000 from the insurance Eg: We claim RMB 20000 from the insurance pany. Eg: They claimed the payment from their Eg: They claimed the payment from their client in Australia.client in Australia. 有些形容词，本身已是比较级的形式，后面不能用有些形容词，本身已是比较级的形式，后面不能用thanthan 应用应用toto。此类词有：。此类词有：prior, senior, junior, prior, senior, junior, superior, superior, InferiorInferior, preferable, preferable 77 4343Insure v.Insure v.保险，投保保险，投保 Eg: We have insured the shipment against All Risks Eg: We have insured the shipment against All Risks and War Risk with the Peoples Insurance and War Risk with the Peoples Insurance Company of China. (PICC)Company of China. (PICC) Eg: Please insure the initial order for US $ 25000 Eg: Please insure the initial order for US $ 25000 against All Risks.against All Risks. insurance n. insurance n. 保险保险 常用结构：常用结构：cover/effect/arrange/take out cover/effect/arrange/take out insurance on sth. againstfor or atinsurance on sth. againstfor or at 为某物按为某物按金额投保金额投保险别险别 Eg: Insurance has been covered by the sellers on Eg: Insurance has been covered by the sellers on the subject article for/at 110% of the invoice the subject article for/at 110% of the invoice value against All Risks.value against All Risks. 78 insurance companyinsurance company（=underwriter , insurer=underwriter , insurer） 保险公司保险公司, ,保险人保险人 insurance policy insurance policy 保险单保险单 insurance premium insurance premium 保险费保险费 insurance coverage insurance coverage 保险险别（范围）保险险别（范围） insurance agent insurance agent 保险代理保险代理 Eg: Since the premium varies with the extent of Eg: Since the premium varies with the extent of insurance, extra premium is for buyers insurance, extra premium is for buyers account if additional risks should be account if additional risks should be required.required. 79 保险条款标准格式：保险条款标准格式： to be covered by to be covered by 某人某人against against 投保险别投保险别for for 投保金额投保金额 as per as per 保险条款保险条款 FOBFOB、CFRCFR条件下条件下, ,由买方投保，与卖方无关，因此，简单由买方投保，与卖方无关，因此，简单 规定为：规定为： To be covered by the Buyers To be covered by the Buyers CIFCIF条件下，由卖方投保，保险的险别、保险金额直接关条件下，由卖方投保，保险的险别、保险金额直接关 系保险费的多少，因此必须明确规定，国际惯例为：系保险费的多少，因此必须明确规定，国际惯例为： Eg: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the Eg: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War Risk invoice value against All Risks and War Risk as per CIC dated 1st January 1981.(or PICC)as per CIC dated 1st January 1981.(or PICC) 80 简要复习相关保险知识简要复习相关保险知识 海上海上 自然灾害自然灾害 全损全损 风险风险 意外事故意外事故 部分损失部分损失 单独海损单独海损 共同海损共同海损 外来外来 一般外来风险（一般外来风险（1111种）种） 1111种一般加险种一般加险 风险风险 特殊、特别外来风险特殊、特别外来风险 特殊、特别附加险特殊、特别附加险 81 重要术语：单独海损（重要术语：单独海损（ Particular AverageParticular Average ） 共同海损（共同海损（General AverageGeneral Average） 平安险（平安险（Free From Particular AverageFree From Particular Average单独海单独海 损不赔损不赔 ）的保险范围：上图红线以上黄色箭头）的保险范围：上图红线以上黄色箭头 除外除外 水渍险（水渍险（With With Particular AverageParticular Average 单独海损也单独海损也 赔）的保险范围：上图红线以上赔）的保险范围：上图红线以上 一切险（一切险（All RisksAll Risks）的保险范围：上图绿线以上）的保险范围：上图绿线以上 施救费用施救费用 海上费用海上费用 救助费用救助费用 特别说明：三种基本险都特别说明：三种基本险都 包括海上费用包括海上费用 82 4444Case n.Case n.事例，案例事例，案例 Eg: It seems that we have to refer the case to Eg: It seems that we have to refer the case to arbitration.arbitration. 常用词组：常用词组：1 1）in case (=if in case (=if ，间或可与，间或可与 providedprovided换用换用) ) Eg: In that case the L/C arrives tomorrow, we still Eg: In that case the L/C arrives tomorrow, we still have time to have time to rushrush the shipment. the shipment. Eg: We can arrange the shipment Eg: We can arrange the shipment providedprovided that your L/C that your L/C comes to our hand before the end of this es to our hand before the end of this month. 2 2）in case of (= in the event of) in case of (= in the event of) 万一，如果发生万一，如果发生 Eg: Please inform us by return in case of delay.Eg: Please inform us by return in case of delay. 3 3）in any casein any case不管怎样，无论如何不管怎样，无论如何( (与与in any rate , in no in any rate , in no casecase可通用可通用) ) Eg: We admit that the quality of your goods is Eg: We admit that the quality of your goods is slightly better , but the slightly better , but the gapgap in price should , in in price should , in no case , be as big as 10%.no case , be as big as 10%. 83 独立主格结构独立主格结构 such being the case such being the case 情况既然如此情况既然如此 Eg: Such being the case , you have no cause for Eg: Such being the case , you have no cause for plain. 当句子主语与分词的主语不一致时，分词短语可以有自己独立的当句子主语与分词的主语不一致时，分词短语可以有自己独立的 逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构（逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构（n.+ doingn.+ doing或或donedone） ，或改为相应的状语从句。，或改为相应的状语从句。 Eg: He rushed into the room, Eg: He rushed into the room, his face covered withhis face covered with sweat.sweat. Eg: Eg: So many people being absentSo many people being absent, we decided to put off , we decided to put off the meeting.the meeting. Eg: Eg: When we were standing in the drivewayWhen we were standing in the driveway, the house , the house appeared to be much smaller than it had seemed to us appeared to be much smaller than it had seemed to us as children many years ago. as children many years ago. 84 4545Stock n. Stock n. 存货存货 supply sth. from / in / ex stock supply sth. from / in / ex stock 某物有现货可供某物有现货可供 Eg: They can supply this quantity ex/ from /in Eg: They can supply this quantity ex/ from /in their stock.their stock. Eg: We shall place repeat orders if you have a Eg: We shall place repeat orders if you have a good stock of Linen goods.good stock of Linen goods. Eg: Eg: Black teaBlack tea , first grade , is out of stock at , first grade , is out of stock at present.present. v. v. 备有存货，置办存货备有存货，置办存货 Eg: We dot not stock this material for the time Eg: We dot not stock this material for the time being.being. adj. adj. 常备的常备的 Eg: This is a stock excuse.Eg: This is a stock excuse. 85 4646Dispose v. Dispose v. 使用意于，使倾向使用意于，使倾向 于于 dispose sb. to do sth. dispose sb. to do sth. 使某人有意欲（倾向于）使某人有意欲（倾向于） Eg: An active market disposes us to entertain new Eg: An active market disposes us to entertain new business.business. be disposed to (=be inclined to / be apt to)be disposed to (=be inclined to / be apt to)倾向于倾向于 （做某事），有意（做某事）（做某事），有意（做某事） Eg: Dealers are not disposed to carry large stocks Eg: Dealers are not disposed to carry large stocks now.now. Eg: Eg: In view ofIn view of this situation , we are inclined to this situation , we are inclined to wait.wait. Eg: Our buyers are apt to give their orders to Eg: Our buyers are apt to give their orders to your competitors.your competitors. dispose of sth. dispose of sth. 售卖出，处售卖出，处 理掉理掉 Eg: We found there is another chance to dispose of Eg: We found there is another chance to dispose of the balance.the balance. 86 disposal n. disposal n. 处理，出售处理，出售 Eg: The disposal of the Eg: The disposal of the substandard substandard products products is a taxing problem.is a taxing problem. 常用短语：常用短语：at ones disposalat ones disposal由某人使用（处理由某人使用（处理 或支配）或支配） Eg: We put our business at the agents Eg: We put our business at the agents disposal in HK.disposal in HK. 前缀前缀 sub- sub- 下面的下面的 Eg: subwayEg: subway subdivide subdivide subconscious subconscious 87 4747Draw v. Draw v. 开具（汇票）开具（汇票） Eg: We agree to draw at 60 days D/P instead of 60 Eg: We agree to draw at 60 days D/P instead of 60 days D/A.days D/A. draw (a draft) on sb. for draw (a draft) on sb. for 为某物向某人开具汇票收为某物向某人开具汇票收 款款 Eg: We regret to note that draft drawn on you Eg: We regret to note that draft drawn on you against your purchase of canned against your purchase of canned asparagusasparagus was was dishonored.dishonored. Eg: As agreed , we have drawn on you for the Eg: As agreed , we have drawn on you for the invoice value of this sample lot through the invoice value of this sample lot through the Bank of China in Bank of China in TokyoTokyo. . draw up (=make out , draft) draw up (=make out , draft) 拟写，草拟拟写，草拟 Eg: The contract is being drawn up.Eg: The contract is being drawn up. Eg: We will draw up the agreement in a day or two.Eg: We will draw up the agreement in a day or two. 88 4848Require v. Require v. 需要，要求需要，要求 require sb. to do sth. require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事（还可跟从句要求某人做某事（还可跟从句 ） Eg: Please cable us if additional required.Eg: Please cable us if additional required. Eg: The L/C requires us to ship the goods in one lot.Eg: The L/C requires us to ship the goods in one lot. Eg: The Eg: The provision provision requires that requires that spare bagsspare bags should should accompany the shipment.accompany the shipment. requirement n. requirement n. 需要之物，具体要求（通常用复数需要之物，具体要求（通常用复数 ） 常用结构：常用结构：cover / meet / satisfy / fill / supply cover / meet / satisfy / fill / supply ones requirements for / of sth.ones requirements for / of sth. Eg: We are well placed to meet your requirements for Eg: We are well placed to meet your requirements for steel materials.steel materials. Eg: Its a pity that you cannot cover our annual Eg: Its a pity that you cannot cover our annual requirements of 100 tons walnuts.requirements of 100 tons walnuts. 89 4949Expect v. Expect v. 期待，预期期待，预期 后接名词，动词不定式或从句后接名词，动词不定式或从句 Eg: We expect the new crop will soon be Eg: We expect the new crop will soon be available.available. 相似的表达还有：相似的表达还有：anticipate v. anticipate v. 期待（后接名词期待（后接名词 ，动词不定式或从句），动词不定式或从句） look forward to look forward to 盼望（后接名词和动名词）盼望（后接名词和动名词） 近义的还有：近义的还有：wait for / await wait for / await 等待（后接名词、等待（后接名词、 动名词）动名词） 后接名词，动词不定式或从句后接名词，动词不定式或从句 90 5050Shipment n.Shipment n.装运，装运期，装运的货物装运，装运期，装运的货物 Eg: Please arrange shipment as soon as possible.Eg: Please arrange shipment as soon as possible. Eg: You are requested to Eg: You are requested to extendextend shipment 15 days. shipment 15 days. Eg: Fifteen out of a shipment of 8000 motorcycles Eg: Fifteen out of a shipment o