阅读中的观点态度题.doc

阅读中的观点态度题I、题型介绍观点态度问题（attitude questions）是指测试作者的观点和态度（authors opinion or attitude）以及文章基调（tone）的题。这类问题无法直接从文章中找到答案，必须从字里行间对作者的用词、口气等进行认真的揣摩，才能把握关键所在。这类问题是所有问题中最难回答的。价值词（value words）所谓观点、我们无法客观地证明它是对还是错。观点、态度通常表达个人对某个话题、行为、事件的信念、感觉或判断。作者、说话者的观点、态度的主要标记是价值词。每一个价值词表达一种价值判断，因此是非常主观的，也最能表明观点、态度和立场。价值词以形容词为主, 加上部分副词和动词。例如：BestgreatbeautifulstupidWorstterriblewonderfulgoodBetterlovelydisgustingbadWorseawfultoo muchexcessiveuglyattractiveoutstandingboringdullinterestingtroublesomeunfairshouldought todeserveright/wrong褒义与贬义 作者的观点、态度还可以从词的内涵上判断。任何一种语言的词汇都有褒贬之分，英语也不例外。如果作者对某个话题、事件、行为持肯定的态度或观点，那么他肯定使用褒义词；相反，则用贬义词。例如：词性褒义贬义褒义贬义名词mouseratstatesmanpoliticiandonkeyassconfidentconceit形容词famousnotoriousresoluteobstinatethinskinnythriftyparsimonious动词attractlurereproducebreed文章类型：社论、政治性演讲、政论文、评论性文章（如影评、书评等）和辩论文，作者、说话者的观点是首要的，他们设法说服读者接受文中阐述的观点。这类文章的主观性极强。II. 英语中表示作者观点的词一 肯定positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, , 确实的 favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的 approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准 enthusiastic n.狂热, 热心, 积极性 supportive adj.支持的，支援的 defensive 为而辩护 二 否定 negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的 disapproval 不赞成 dissatisfaction 不满objection 异议 opposition 反对 critical 批评的 disgust vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感vt.使作呕 warning 警告contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬 compromising n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷 worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的 concerned 担忧的hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的 三 怀疑 suspicious 可疑的, 怀疑的 doubtful adj.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的 questioning 怀疑的,探询的四 客观 (即好的坏的都说，选的可能性极大) objective adj.客观的 neutral adj.中立的 impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的 disinterested adj. 不感兴趣的,不关心的unprejudiced adj.没有偏见的 五 主观 subjective adj.主观的, 个人的 indifferent adj. 漠不关心的tolerant 忍受的；容忍的，宽容的，宽恕的pessimistic 悲观的gloomy adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的 optimistic adj.乐观的 sensitive 有感觉的, 敏感锐的,易受伤害的 scared adj.恐惧的 reserved adj.保留的，保守的radical adj.激进的 moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和 mild adj.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的 ironic adj.说反话的, 讽刺的 confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的 amazed adj.吃惊的, 惊奇的 concerned adj.关心的, 有关的 apprehensive adj.担忧，担心 mixed 喜忧参半 depressed 消沉的 unconcerned 不关心的 contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 侮辱的 六 积极 objective 客观的 confident adj.自信的, 确信的 interested adj.感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的 optimistic adj.乐观的 positive 正面的 impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的 七 中立/折中 impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的 neutral 中立的 impersonal adj.非个人的 factual adj.事实的, 实际的,根据事实的 III. 基调文章的基调（或语气）同样揭示作者的观点、态度。作者通过特定的措词和细节来表达某种基调，如愤怒、同情、希望、伤心、悲哀、客观、讽刺、担忧、关心等。常用来描述基调的形容词如下：Matter-of-fact 事实的，切合实际的Optimistic 乐观的Objective 客观的Pessimistic 悲观的Tolerant 宽容的，容忍的Sympathetic 同情的Straightforward 坦率的，直截了当的Forgiving 宽大的，慈悲的Outspoken 直言不讳的，坦率的，毫无保留的Serious 严肃的，认真的Critical 批评的Sarcastic 讽刺的，嘲笑的，挖苦的Disbelieving 怀疑的，不相信的Ironic 说反话的，讽刺的IV. 提问方式：1观点态度：What is the authors (overall )attitude toward _?The authors opinion of _could best be described as _In the authors opinion, the policy /proposal is _.Which of the following recommendations would the author MOST likely support?Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?Which of the following statements indicates the authors attitude toward _?2.文章基调：The tone of this passage could best be described as _?Which of the following words best describe the authors tone?V。观点态度题练习：Passage I: Students headed for college in the fall are already finding that there are lots to learn about their impending new life. Examine the course catalog: check. Read the student guide to nightlife: check. Fully understand the campus court system. Its safe to say most students dont give a whole lot of thought to the ruling of disputes on campus. They steer through college getting their coursework done, abiding by basic rules, and not being accused of causing harm. But for those who do find themselves on the wrong side of the campus bench, the experience can be a surprising and sometimes hurting education. Last week, Harvard University announced it was changing its campus judicial system in an effort to speed up decisions. Many of those had been dragging on for months at a stretch. That much sounds like the court system familiar to those outside the university. But universities are educational institutions, after all, not courts. Still, parents whose child faces a serious accusation of, say, sexual misconduct or theft might move to hire a lawyer for advice. At many schools, that lawyer cannot be present at a students hearing. Proceedings are also confidential but the results may go on a students record. One positive move at Harvard is changing a policy that allowed an accusation to lead automatically to a hearing. Requiring more evidence can guard against one persons opinion standing in as evidence, for example. But critics still question whether campuses should do more to open up proceedings that can have life-altering consequences.1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author holds a(n) _attitude towards the entire court system in universities.A. indignant B. objective C. approving D. critical2. Which of the following words can best describe the authors overall attitude towards the changes to Harvard campus judicial system?A. Defensive B. Pessimistic C. Negative D. NeutralKeys: 1) D 2) CPassage 2: Hunger is the natural state of mankind, but the good news is that mankind is moving away from nature. Although the worlds population has grown six fold in the past two centuries, food production has grown faster, better and more widely-applied technologyhybrid (杂交) seeds, fertilizers and so onhas allowed farmers to get more calories out of each hectare. Future innovations, including genetic modification to produce more nutritious cereals and livestock, should keep the planets larders (食物储藏室) well-stocked. But, as this weeks UN World Food Summit showed, this is no cause for complacency. The absolute number of malnourished people is declining by about 5 million a year. As a proportion of the worlds population, the improvement is even more marked. But that still leaves 800 million people hungry, which translates into a lot of suffering. Underfed children die more easily from disease, and are often stunted (阻碍) both physically and mentally, making it harder for them to earn a living as adults. Hunger is caused by bad weather, but even more by bad government. Well-governed countries never suffer famine; but of the 25 worst-nourished nations, all are badly governed, some spectacularly so. Little can be done about the weather, at least in the short term, but policies can change. Farmers in poor countries are no longer herded at