特殊句式简单句并列句和复合句.docx

特殊句式一、考点聚焦主谓一致主谓一致就是句子的谓语动词形式在人称和数上必须和句子的主语保持一致，叫主谓一致。这种关系一般要遵循三个原则：语法上一致的原则；意义上一致的原则和就近一致的原则。语法上的一致：谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。例如：The boy is clever enough to study maths well. 这个男孩够聪明，可以把数学学好。Everybody in my class tries to do well in English. 我们班每个人都努力学好英语。I. 下列情况谓语动词只能用单数：1. 不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Water is very important to the trees. 水对树来说非常重要。2. 如果句子的主语是一个抽象的概念，抽象名词，此名词也是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： Brave is one of his advantages. 勇敢是他的一个优点。3. 动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To improve your English is the most important work. 提高你的英语是最重要的工作。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。4. 不定代词each，one，another，something，somebody，nothing，nobody，everyone， everything，anyone，anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： Somebody is waiting for at the gate. 有人在大门口等你。 Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事只怕有心人。5. 如果句子的主语是单数，尽管后面有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except等引 起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如： My mother with her students often has a picnic in a park. 我的妈妈经常和她的学生在公园里野餐。6. neither和either作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： Either is very good. 两个中哪一个都很好。 Neither of them wants to eat outside. 他们两个都不想出去吃饭。7. 固定短语 one of 名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One of the boys in our class goes to school by car. 我们班一个男孩坐小汽车上学。 固定短语the numberof 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The number of students in our school is more than two thousand. 我们学校学生的数量超过二千。II. 下面的情况谓语动词只能用复数：1and或both and连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： He and his brother are both teachers.他和他的哥哥都是老师。2both, all, few,several,many等修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： All his friends have come. 他的朋友都来了。 Many girls are fond of dancing.许多女孩子都喜欢跳舞。 3表示总称意义的名词，如：people,cattle,police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： The police are asking them questions. 警察正在询问他们一些问题。 Your clothes are very dirty. 你的衣服非常脏。4“the+形容词（或由分词演变而来的形容词）”作主语，表“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。例如： The rich are not always happy. 富人也不总是幸福的。 The wounded are still in hospital.所有受伤的都在住院。5固定短语“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 A number of students come from Sichuan.许多学生来自四川。6主语是表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如clothes,trousers,shoes,boots, glasses (眼 镜), socks,gloves,compasses等作主语，谓语动词用复数，但这些名词被this/a pair of修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。例如： Her shoes are green.她的鞋子是绿色的。 This pair of shoes is very expensive.这双鞋子非常昂贵。III. 下列情况谓语动词可用单数也可用复数：1数词作主语且表“加减乘除”时，谓语动词通常用单数，但是也可用复数。例如： Nine and one is/ are ten.九加一等于十。 Two times three is/ are six.二乘以三等于六。2“none/neither of+代词/复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，但在口语中也可用复数。 例如： None of us knows/ know how to work out this problem. 我们中没有人知道如何解这个题。 Neither of you like/likes playing football.你们两个都不喜欢踢足球。3. 一些集合名词，如family，class，group, team等作主语时，表示整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形 式，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： His family isnt large. 他的家庭不大。（指家庭的整体） His family were watching TV when I arrived. 我到时他的一家人正在看电视。 （指具体的家庭成员）意义上的一致：1. 表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词，尽管是复数形式，作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词通 常用单数形式。例如： Three weeks is already enough for you to finish the work. 三个星期对你们完成这个工作已经足够了。2. 以-ics结尾的学科名词如maths, physics, politics等，以及news，the United States等名词或短 语形式上是复数，但意义上是单数，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Physics is my favourite subject. 物理是我最喜欢的学科。就近一致：1. 由连词either or，neither nor，not only but also及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常 与离它最近的主语保持一致。例如： Neither you nor your father is able to help me. 你和你爸爸都不能帮助我。 Either you or I go swimming with our father. 我或者你可以和爸爸一起去游泳。2. there be句型中，谓语动词be往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。例如： There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. 桌上有一本词典和一些书。注意： 1. 判断准确句子的真正的主语，不要只看离谓语动词近的主语，要注意不同情况，否则很容易出现错 误。例如： Mr. Li, together with his children _ (go) fishing on Sunday. 答案与解析：答案是goes。 这个句子真正的主语是Mr. Li而不是句子后面的children，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 goes。2. both作主语时谓语动词用复数，either和neither经常看作单数，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Both of my parents are doctors. 我父母都是医生。 Neither of us has been to the Great Wall. 我们两个都没有去过长城。3. some, any, all，most, the rest, none, 分数或百分数等作主语时，代替或修饰不可数名词时， 谓语动词用单数形式；代替或修饰复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式；而none代替和修饰复数名词 时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。例如： All is going well. 一切正常。 None (of us) have been to the Great Wall. (我们中)没有人去过长城。 None (of the money on the desk) is mine. (桌子上的钱)都不是我的。 Some (of the money) was spent on clothes. 一些（钱）花在了衣服上。4. 疑问词what，which，who等作主语一般看成单数，谓语动词用单数形式，但是如果很明显指复数 时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Who is going to speak at the meeting? 谁要在会上发言呀？ Who are the children? 这些孩子是谁？5. 名词性物主代词mine, yours, theirs等作主语时，谓语动词取决于它们所代替的名词的数，代替单 数名词或不可数名词谓语动词用单数，代替复数名词谓语动词用复数。 His bike is old, but mine (=my bike) is new. 他的自行车旧，而我的新。 This is Marys bread. Yours is on the table. 这是玛丽的面包，你的在桌子上。定语从句与主谓一致：在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等用作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。例如:This is the man who wants to see you. 这就是想要见你的人。The girls who are coming soon will help me. 要来的那些女孩会帮助我。初中接触过的倒装句型：1. so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语经常出现在中考试题中。此句型表示“也是这样”，用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物，只能用在肯定句，注意上、下句所使用的动词的时态要一致。例如：You can ride a bike. So can I. 你会骑自行车，我也会。 He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。Lin Ping was there last night. So was everyone else in my class. 林平昨晚在那里，我们班其他人昨晚也都在那里。He saw the snake, and so did I. 他看见那条蛇了，我也看到了。注意：上句中前句谓语动词是行为动词，所以后句中要加助动词did。就像行为动词变疑问句一样，句子如果有be、助动词（如have，will等）和情态动词（如can，must等），就把这些词放在另一个主语前；如果没有，就要加do，does或did。辨析：so主语be/ 助动词/ 情态动词此句型不是倒装句，只是单纯地重复前面一句的意思，表示“的确如此、就是这样”。例如：-My little brother can swim in the sea. 我的小弟弟能在大海了游泳。-So he can. 的确如此。-He gets up very early. 他起得真早。-So he does. 是很早。2. neither/ nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语经常出现在中考试题中。此句型表示“也不这样”。使用的注意事项和上面的句型1一样。例如：The first one isnt good, and neither is the second. 第一个不好，第二个也不好。They didnt come last night. Nor did I. 他们昨天晚上没有来，我也没有来。If you dont go there, neither shall I. 如果你不去那里，我也不去。注意：上句中if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，所以后面的主句用的是一般将来时。3. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。这时的主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。例如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。In came our teacher. 我们老师进来了。Out rushed the boys. 男孩子们冲了出去。但是：Here it is. 给你。Away he went. 他走了。4. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do。例如：Under a big tree sat a fat man, half asleep. 树下坐着一个胖男人，似乎睡着了。5. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示“存在”的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie等动词代替be。例如：There came shouts for help from the river. 从河里传来了呼救声。There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. 房子前面是一大片麦田。 6. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，动词say等和主语有时倒装。例如：“Well done, Tom.” said our teacher. 老师说：“做得好，汤姆！”二、名题导解【考例剖析】例 1：Each of the students_ a dictionary.（2004资阳）A. have B. is C. are D. has 剖析：此题意思是“每个学生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定语，真正的主语是each，故又排除A 。答案：D例 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津)A. have B. has C. is D. are 剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。答案：B例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. (2004南通)A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone剖析：由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词根据就近原则同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。答案：D例 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.（2004包头）A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers剖析：句子的主语a number of deer。当a number of + 名词作主语时，谓语用复数。因此首先排除C、D，而deer单复数相同，所以B也不正确。答案：A例 5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _ lettersbecause it is faster(2005云南)Aprefer, to writing Bprefer，to writeCprefers，to writing Dprefers，to write剖析：姓氏名词用复数且前面加上定冠词时，表示一家人或一对夫妇。作主语时，谓语用复数。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在楼上)。此题答案应在A、B中选，而短语prefer to中的to是一个介词，故又排除B。答案：A例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.（2005黑龙江）A. was B. is C. are D. were剖析：根据主、从复合句时态一般要一致的原则，本题首先可排除B、C，而主句主语含有except等时，其谓语的单复数取决于except前边的名词的单复数，所以D答案也不正确。答案：A例 7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now（2005重庆）Awere Bis Care D. was剖析：根据就近原则，应排除A、C，而题中单词now表明现在，所以D也不正确。答案：B例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything _.（2005江西）A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed剖析：根据“不定代词作主语，谓语往往用单数”这一点，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change属于不可数名词，它没有被动语态，所以B也不正确。由since引出的一个含具体过去时间的句子，主句用现在完成时。答案：C例8：She plays the piano very well, _.A. so every one of us does B. every one of us doesC. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us剖析： C。本题考查倒装句子的用法，有so引起的倒装表示“某人也是如此、某人也是这样”的意思。表示后面的主语的情况和前面一样。every one of us意思为“我们中的每一个”，其中one是主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称，所以so后面用助动词does代替动词plays。例9：You say he works hard, _, and _.A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do youC. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do剖析： B。从句子的意思理解，第一个空用so he does表示“他确实如此”；第二个空用倒装句so do you，意思是“你也是这样”。所以选B。例10： I thought you women were present at the meeting. _.A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. We did so剖析：A。从句子的意思理解“我认为你们妇女出席了会议.”，对方回答“我们确实出席了。”，所以选A.例11: I dont think Jack will come today, and _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will eitherD. or Mary does剖析： A。本题考查句子的倒装的用法，从句子的意思理解“我认为杰克今天不会来，玛丽也不会来。”，所以用倒装句，注意I think引导的宾语从句中的否定转移，后面的倒装句子的主语和谓语动词和从句一致，所以选A。例12：She is fond of cooking, _I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do剖析：A。本题考查倒装句的用法，从句子的意思理解是“她喜欢做饭，我也是这样”，前面的句子是用be动词，所以后面的倒装部分也用be，所以选A。例13：Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .A. Engles was so B. So was it with EnglesC. So was Engles D. So did Engles剖析： C。本题考查倒装句子的用法，从句子的意思理解是“Marx出生在德国，德语是他的母语，Engles也是这样”，前面的句子用一般过去时，所以后面的倒装部分也用一般过去时，所以选C。例14：He doesnt like football, neither _.A. does his parents B. do his parentsC. his parents dont D. his parents do剖析： B。从句子的意思理解是用倒装句子来表示“他父母亲也是这样”的意思。注意倒装句的主谓一致。三习题汇编 A类：基础题1. The news _ very worth listening to. A. be B. is C. are D. am2. _ this pair of glasses yours?No. My glasses _ on the desk.A. Is, is B. Are, is C. Is, are D. Are, are3. The old _ taken good care of in China now. A. was B. are C. is D. were4. Nobody except the twins _ to Hong Kong before.A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone5. Whats on the plate?There _ some rice on it. A. is B. are C. has D. have6. Five years _ since we met last.A. have passed B. has past C. has passed D. have pasted7. Here _ some flowers for you. A. is B. are C. has D. have8. There _ a number of teachers, but the number of women teachers _ only thirty.A. are, are B. are, is C. is, are D. is, is9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _ I am right.A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking10. Doing morning exercises _ good for our health. A. be B. are C. is D. am11. Either Jane or Steven _ watch TV now.A. were B. is C. was D. are12. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are13. How many lessons do you usually have a day?Six lessons a day. And each of then _ 45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are14. Neither Liping nor I _ a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are15. There _ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy.A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are16. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have17. Math _ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are18. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep19. Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. are B. is C. were D. was20. That place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some21. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is22. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _ some eggs and cakes on it.A. is B. are C. was D. were23. This pair of glasses _ mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be24. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were inverted25. Two months _ quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were26. In the city the old _.A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of27. His family _ all very kind and friendly, His family _ a happy one.A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are28. The singer and the dancer _ come to Beijing.A. has B. have C. Are D. is29. The children in this class each _ a new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having30. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. wereB类：提升类1.The number fo teachers in our school _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _from the countryside.A.was;is B.was;are C.were;are D.were;is2. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.A. is B. am C. are 3. How much is the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.A. is B. are C. am 4. I have changed my job. _. A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have5. I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides._.A. Neither have I B. So have IC. Neither I haveD. So I have6. One of my friends _moved to America. I miss her so much.A.has B. have C. is D. are 7.Do you like your new Tshirt?Yes. Not only I but also my mother _ it.A. likes B. like C. doesnt like8.Peter, I will visit our teacher this Sunday. _ .Lets go together.A. Nor do I B.I will so C. So will I9.- What can you see in the picture?- I can see a farm. And there _ a lot animals on it.A. is B. areC. will beD. be10. The head teacher with his students _Teanchengshan Park if it _tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain11. David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.OK. Mum. Ill do it right away.A. isB. areC. hasD. have12. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?- Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. has13. _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must slay at home.A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or14. He, together with his parents _going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you? Im afraid I have to stay at home _ _.A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself15.There _ a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. is having 16.I hope the summer vacation will come soon._.Its really relaxing.A. So I did B. So I do C. So did I D. So do I17. Neither my father nor my mother _ rock music. They think that its too _.A. like; noise B. likes; noise C. like; noisy D. likes; noisy18. My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow._. Shall we go together?A. So I do B. So do I C. So will I D. So I will19. There _ still some milk in the fridge. Its not necessary to go to the store today.A) am B) is C) are D) be20. Its an exciting movie. Ive just seen it.- _.A. So do I B. So I have C. So have I21. Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time. How about Tom?.He does so B. He did so C. So does he D. So did he22Mr Brown is a hardworking man and he has achieved great success._A. So is Mr Green. B. So has Mr Green. C. Its the same with Mr Green.23. Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice.A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been24. There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.A. are B. is C. have D. will25. Did you go to Nancys birthday party last night? Yes. I did.A. So did Tim B. So Tim did C. Tim did so D. Tim went so26.My mother likes reading._.A.So Lilys mother does B.So does Lilys motherC.So Lilys mother is D.So is Lilys moter27. Hey, Nick. _ comes the last bus! Hurry up, or well have to walk home.A. This B. There C. That D. It28. Andys mother told her to pour the waste, _.A. so she does B. so it is C. so did she D. and so she did29. The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them _about science.is B. was C. are D. Were30. Zhou Ming likes reading English magazines. _. Its good for English learning. A. So do IB. So am I C. So I doD. So I am 参考答案：A类 1-5 B C B CA 6-10 CBBA C 1115 BABAB 1620 ABCDA 2125 BBCBA 2630 BABADB类 1-5BB A BA 6-10A ACB A 11-15A A DB B16-20DDC BC 21-25DC D B A 26-30B B D C A 简单句一 考点聚焦英语中的五种基本句型英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： i （主谓）基本句型二： t （主谓宾）基本句型三： Link （主谓表）基本句型四： tInO DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： t （主谓宾宾补）基本句型一： i （主谓）此句型有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 i （不及物动词）1. The sun was shining. 1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. 2. 月亮升起了。基本句型二 t（主谓宾）此句型的共同点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 t（及物动词） （宾语） 1. Who knows the answer? 1. 谁知道答案？2. She thanked her mother. 2. 她感谢了她的母亲。基本句型 三 Link （主谓表）此句型有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：一类表示情况如be, look, keep, seem等；另一类，表示变化如get, grow, become, turn等。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用