热点动词十六类(英语).doc

热点动词十六类(英语) 热 点 动 词 十 六 类康中英语组编辑雷理渊执笔一、连系动词类 连系动词的分类：变化类： 表事物状态发展变化的过程。如：become, go bad / hungry / crazy / mad / insane / blind / deaf / pale, turn green / teacher / 3 oclock / twenty-one, grow old / strong , get in touch with / married / cross, fall asleep / in love with, come true / right 等。感觉类：表五种感觉器官的感受。如：look, feel, sound, taste, smell。“起来”状态存在、保持类：表事物存在或保持的状态。如：keep silent / quiet / fit, run short of / dry / low on sth., remain silent / a fisherman, stand still / idle, lie in ruins / behind / ahead / in store, stay calm / up , prove to be + adj.外表特征类：表外表给人的印象。如：appear, seem 连系动词常后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。 除了feel, get, become, grow 等少数几个词之外，系动词不用于进行时态和被动语态。例如： 1. The mixture is tasted terrible. (误) The mixture tastes terrible. (正) 2. Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. (误) Jim pretended to be / fall asleep when his mother came in. (正) 3. Im feeling much better than ever before. 4. It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.【高考例题】1- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. (NMET94)A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt2. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. (NMET03) A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed3. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (上海04春)A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating4. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car. (北京02)A. have B. get C. become D. turn5. Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already. (天津04)A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed6. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. (全国04)A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 7. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. (湖北04)A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared8. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (上海04)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt9. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. (上海春02)A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues10. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes【答案】CBCBB ACBBB【选析】5 turn + age/time = reach a certain age or time, e.g. It has just turned 3 oclock. 刚刚过了三点钟。 He has just turned 40. 他刚刚40岁。6. get + p.p. 系表结构，重状态变化，属瞬间动词，如：get lose/changed/married 被动结构，重动作的结果，如：get burnt10. feel link-v. (摸上去)给人某种手感 给人以的感觉 It looked and felt like glue. It feels strange being back here after all these years. I have often wondered what it would feel like to be rich and famous.二、感官动词类 常考词：五“看”，二“听”，一“摸”，一“抓”see, watch, look at, notice, observe; listen to, hear;feel; catch; find. 考点：后接非谓语不同形式作宾补时，表达意义不同。1. 不带to 的不定式表示一个过去动作发生的全过程，或一个尚未发生的具体动作。如：I watched my boys play football yesterday afternoon. (全过程) = I watched while my boys were playing football yesterday afternoon.I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it. (尚未发生) = I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard when you sing it.2. ing 形式表示一个与感官动词同时进行的动作，是个片断。如：Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. (see 与rise同时发生，看到的是太阳升起的片断) = We were seeing when the sun was rising above the surface of the sea, and we let out a shout of joy.At the news, I felt my heart beating fast. (feel 与beat fast同时发生) = At the news, I felt that my heart was beating fast.I saw the lost girl playing by the river. (我看见失踪女孩的时候，她在河边玩。) = When I saw the lost girl, she was playing by the river3-ed形式表示宾语和宾补之间的被动关系。如：After his return twenty years later, he found his home greatly changed. = After his return twenty years later, he found that his home had been greatly changed.Although he has learned some English, I have never heard a single word of it spoken. = Although he has learned some English, I have never heard that a single word of it has been spoken by him. find的不同结构I found he was honest. (宾语从句) = I found that he was honest.I found him honest. (复合宾语)think也有类似的用法, 如：I dont think it is easy to learn English well. (宾语从句)I dont think it easy to learn English well. (复合宾语)【高考例题】1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (NMET00)A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (NMET03)Asmoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked3. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.Aplaying B. to be playing C. play D. to play4. The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off. (NMET93)A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing 5. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (北京04春)A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting【答案】CBADD【选析】1. 注意定语从句的干扰。要考查 see the plan _。2. fire v. 解雇。注意被动语态的干扰。4. catch sb. -ing 碰上某人正在做某事，抓住某人正在做某事。其被动结构为：be caught ing.be caught in a rain / storm / snow 遇上下雨 (暴风雨，下雪)三、使役动词类 使役动词是表示 “使某人做某事，让某人做某事”的动词。 常考词：make, have, let, keep, leave, set, send, like, want, ask，get等。 后接非谓语的不同形式作宾补，表达不同的含义。1. have, make, let 后接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.If you have any problems, just let me know.I will have Tom make a copy for you.在被动结构下，作主语补足语的不定式需带to。如：He was made to make an apology to the guests.2. 其他许多词后接带to 的不定式作宾补。如：My parents want me to be a useful person to the society.We all like you to give a performance.The expert sent the lion to sleep.3. 后接-ing形式作宾补，表持续性动作。如：Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long a time.My father has only two men working for him.You shouldnt leave your work undone.4. 后接-ed形式，表被动意义。如：How soon do you have your hair cut?Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news.To make yourself heard, you should raise your voice.5. 后接形容词或介词词组作宾补，表处于某状态。如：Sports can help keep us healthy.Would you get everything ready before 8?【高考例题】1. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津04)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2. Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (重庆04)A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry3. - Why did you go back to the shop?- I left my friend _ there. (北京03春)A.waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits4. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (NMET91)A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned5. - Good morning, can I help you?- Id like to have this package _, madam. (NMET89)A.be weighed B. weighing C. weighed D. to weigh6. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. (NMET91)A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard7. As you have never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way. (上海94)A.show B. to show C. showing D. showed8. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (NMET95)A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9. A computer can do only what thinking people _ . (上海99)A.have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done10. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong. (上海98)A.it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired【答案】BAACC DABAC【选析】2. get sb. worried 使某人感到担忧6. make oneself understood / known / heard 使某人自己被他人理解(了解，听见)9thinking people 思想者10. 相当于Mrs. Brown was very disappointed to see that the washing machine that she had had _ went wrong. 注意考查的是在定语从句中had had (the washing machine) _ (repair)。四、-ing 与 -ed 形式的情感形容词 -ing 形式的形容词用来修饰和说明事物的性质。 - ed形式的形容词用来修饰和说明人的性质。 对于人的声音、表情既可用-ing形式，也可用-ed 形式, 但意义不同。如：an excited voice (= The speaker is excited.)an exciting voice (= The audience may become excited. )a frightened look (= The person referred to is frightened.)a frightening look (= The viewers may become frightened. ) 适用动词有：excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify, bore等【高考例题】1.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss. (北京00春)A.serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports2.- Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm, it does have a _ smell. (北京02春)A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased C. pleasant, pleasant D. pleased, pleasant3.Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (北京03春)A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring4.It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (上海03春)A. interested, interest B. interesting, be interested C. interested, be interesting D. interesting, interest5.After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home _. (上海04春)A.being exhausted B. exhausted C. exhausting D. having exhausted【答案】BDADB五、后接不定式的动词类 afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, hope, manage, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后接不定式作宾语。如：Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.【高考例题】1.We agree _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET95)A.having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met2.Little Jim should love _ to the theater this evening. (NMET92)A. to be take B. to take C. being taken D. taking3.I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September.(辽宁04)A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard4.She pretended _ me when I passed by. (NMET89)A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not see5.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (上海01)A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told【答案】CADAD六、后接v-ing形式的动词类 后接v-ing作宾语的动词有：appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等。如：I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practicing speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.【高考例题】1.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling2.While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (上海96)A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded3.He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. (上海92)A. been called B. called C. being called D. having called4.I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. (上海04)A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time5.Do you mind _ alone at home? (上海94)A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left6.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91)A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed【答案】CCCBCC七、后接不定式与v-ing形式意义不同的动词类 remember, try, mean, regret, forget, stop, go on, cant help 等后接不定式与v-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：动词v-ing作宾语不定式作宾语remeber过去发生的动作将来的动作try 尝试做某事努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事打算做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事忘记做某事stop中断正在做的事情停下去做别的事例如：I remember being paid, but Ive forgotten the exact amount.Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.I dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.【高考例题】1.- The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot _. (NMET91)A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off2.- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.- Well, now I regret _ that. (NMET95)A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done3. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (上海97)A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned4. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? (NMET92)A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going5. - Let me tell you something about the journalists.- Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? (上海99)A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told6.In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. (上海02春)A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. (NMET90)A.resting B. to have rested C. rested D. to rest8.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (NMET89)A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing 【答案】BDAD BADA八、进行时态表将来意义动词类 这类词一般是表示位移或运动趋向的动词，如：go, come, start, arrive, take, leave, move 等。例如：When are you going off to / for Shanghai?I am coming.Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next week.【高考例题】1.Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum. (北京01春)A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken2.- What were you doing when he came to see you? - I had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend. (上海89)A. leaving B. was left C. left D. was leaving3.- What were you doing when Tony phoned you?- I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. (天津04)A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting【答案】ADD九、主动形式表被动意义动词类 用于“物 + vi + adv”结构中，有些不及物动词主动表被动，常揭示事物的内部属性，如：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear, cut, open, close, shut, act 等。如：This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 这种布料易洗、耐久。The pen given to me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 作为生日礼物送给我的那支笔写起来很流利。Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 用简易英语写成，这篇文章很容易读懂。His shop opens / closes much earlier than it used to. 他的店开门(关门)比以往早了许多。试比较：The door wont open. 门打不开是因为门的制作质量或设计。The door wont be opened. 门打不开是因为开门的方法有问题。 表示“称量”的动词，如：weigh, measure, cost 等。Each ton weighs 2 tons.The cage measures two meters by three meters by one meter.My dress costs 500 yuan. 本身已有被动意义的动词：happen, occur, break out, come out(出版), come up(出现), come into being(形成), come to ones mind(想起), turn out(证明是), come about(发生), belong to。 如：1.The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.2. Suddenly an idea came to my mind.3. It never occurred to me to phone you. 表“需要”的动词：want, require, need。如：Clothes need washing (= to be washed).The floor wants sweeping (= to be swept).The school rules require changing( = to be changed). 其他有关的结构：be worth ingbe busy ing English is easy to learn.I have a letter to type.【高考例题】1.The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. (全国04)A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts2.- Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?- No, dear. They dont _ well. Put them in the fridge instead. (北京02)A. keep B. fit C. get D. last3.Books of this kind _ well. (上海99)A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold4.The library needs _, but Ill have to wait until Sunday. (NMET92)A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. being cleaned D. clean【答案】DAAA十、虚拟语气动词类 表“命令、建议、请求、执意”的词，其后的名词性从句采用“(should) + 原形”的虚拟形式。本规则适用的动词有：insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand, recommend 等。而且，也适用于它们的名词、形容词形式。如：The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone, old or young, man or women, have his car checked once a year.My suggestion is that he (should) come here earlier tomorrow.It is suggested that more sheep be raised in the mountainous areas. suggest 表“暗示、表明”时，insist 表“坚持说(过去发生过的事情)”时，其后的名词性从句不虚拟。如：The look on his face suggested that he was angry.The thief insisted that he didnt steel the money.【高考例题】1.- How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?- I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. (福建04)A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest2.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. (上海94)A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has3._ be sent to work here? (上海02)A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldB. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should【答案】DBA十一、省略替代类 believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so 来替代肯定分句，后接not 来替代否定分句。如：1. - Do you think Norman would have lent me his car? - Yes, I think so.2. - Can the Chinese football team win the match against the Japanese team? - I dont think so. (= I think not.)3. - Im sure you can pass the driving test. - I hope so. believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I + v. + not, 也可以说 I + dont + v. + so。但hope, expect, be afraid 用于否定回答时，只能用not 来替代。4. - Can you