简析what在名词性从句中的使用.doc

简析在名词性从句中的使用作者：苏艳红 文章来源：中学英语之友高二版 点击数：952 更新时间：2008-3-12 what作为引导词是英语名词性从句中学习的重点，也是学生正确使用的一大难点。近年来各地高考试题中多次对what在名词性从句中的用法进行考查，可见此词在英语学习中的重要性。下面就此词的一些用法作一简析: 一高考题中具体的考查情况 1. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (NMET2007全国卷) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 解析:考查what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。 2. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.(NMET2007天津卷) A. what B. which C. how D. where 解析:考查what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作is的表语。 3. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh， thats _.(NMET2003北京卷) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 解析:考查what引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语。 4. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (NMET2007上海卷) A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where 解析:考查what引导主语从句，且在从句中作referred to的宾语。 5. By improving reading skills， you can read faster and understanding more of _ you read. (2007春季上海卷) A. that B. what C. which D. whether 解析:考查what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作read的宾语。 6. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?(NMET2005辽宁卷) A. that B. what C. as D. which 解析:考查what引导同位语从句，且在从句中作主语。 二考查难点所在与解题技巧 1. 引导名词性从句what与that的区别:从上面例题4和5中可以看出，确定选what还是that，关键在于:如果名词性从句中缺少主语宾语或表语，通常要用what;如果从句中不缺少该类成分并且意义完整明确，则用that。又如: (1)What moved us most was his bravery and courage.(主语从句中缺少主语) (2)That he is very brave is known to everybody here.(主语从句中不缺少成分) (3)Our school is no longer what it was five years ago.(表语从句中缺少表语) (4)That our team has won the first prize is really exciting.(主语从句中不缺少成分) 2. what引导的名词性从句与that作关系代词引导定语从句的区别: (1)The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad. (2007春季上海卷) A. that B. all that C. all what D. which 解析:all作was的表语，后接that引导的定语从句，且that在定语从句中作主语;what只引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句，而what相当于定语从句中“先行词+关系代词”的作用，所以，此题中what=all that。又如: (2)A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.(NMET2004天津) A. what B. which C. that D. where 解析:该题极易受“介词+关系代词”(in which)引导定语从句的干扰，其实in后应看成宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故选what=a place that。 (3)You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.(NMET2007安徽卷) A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that 解析:what引导宾语从句，在介词of后的宾语从句中作have的宾语; something后是一个定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作get的宾语可以省略。 3. what与whatever的区别: (1)Could you do me a favor?(NMET2006北京卷) It depends on _ it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever (2)These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can tosave them.(NMET2000北京春季) A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 解析:what引导名词性从句表具体情况，语气弱，而whatever语气强，概念笼统，词义为“无论什么，所的事情”。但二者在引导名词性从句时常可替换。例如: (3)What/Whatever I do is none of your business. 我做的事情/任何事情都和你无关。 (4)I will do what/whatever I can to help you. 我将尽力/竭尽全力来帮助你。 三巩固性练习 1. _ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.(NMET2007陕西卷) A. That B. Which C. What D. As 2. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself.(NMET2007福建卷) A. how B. what C. which D. when 3. The tourists lost their way in the mountains， and _ made matters worse was that it began to rain. A. that B. it C. what D. which 4. _ has made the girl _ she is today? A. What， that B. That， what C. What， what D. That， that 5. _ proves that my prediction is right. A. That has happened B. What has happened C. When it happened D. It will happen that 6. _ she was invited to the party made her very happy. A. Whether B. What C. That D. Because 7. _ all the students have in common is _ they work very hard. A. What， that B. What， what C. That， that D. That， what 8. The childrens safety was just _ worried the parents most. A. why B. which C. that D. what 9. The young man said he would do _ it took to go abroad. A. what B. that C. which D. whatever 10. Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals. A. as B. that C. what D. which 11. What did your parents think about your decision? They always let me do _ I think I should. (NMET2006全国卷) A. when B. that C. how D. what 12. It seemed that after _ was a long time she began to wake up. A. that B. which C. what D. when 13. Her sister has become a lawyer， _ she wanted to be. (NMET2005湖北卷) A. who B. that C. what D. which 14. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?(NMET2005北京春季) A. where B. when C. that D. what 15. Mary bought a new car， _， of course， made the others envy. A. who B. that C. what D. which 16. Its no longer a question now _ man